Tag: History of India

  • Sacked For Refusal To Hide History Of Muslim Temple Demolitions Dr. Bhyrappa

    Sacked For Refusal To Hide History Of Muslim Temple Demolitions Dr. Bhyrappa

    I am reproducing what I had written on the history of the self styled historians of India,the Angliphiles and their ilk’, wanted to hide. I seem to be vindicated by an eminent scholar Dr.Byrappa.

    Excerpts from my articles and it is followed by Dr.Byrappa’s Statement.

    ‘Vedas contain advanced scientific concepts.

    I I read in the same paper that some scientist has stated that ‘ the statement that Hindus knew about Vaimanika Sastra, Plane Building is non sense ‘, I shall be replying this shortly?

    Lord Rama and Krishna’s dates have been authenticated by astronomical events and by Archeology.

    Krishna’s Dwaraka,

    Ravan’s Castle, Sita’s prison,

    Axle of Ravana’s Pushpaka Vimana,

    Jarasandha’s Town,

    All these have been found.

    Vedas have calculated the velocity of Light .

    That Alexander never invaded India.

    Muslims destroyed Hindu temples and converted millions of Hindus by the sword?

    That the Taj was built on a Shiva Temple?

    That the Vatican was a Siva Temple,

    Petra Jordan Has a Siva temple,

    St.Peter’s Cathedral’s Courtyard is shaped as the Shiva Linga,

    Archeological evidence has been found throughout the world that the Sanatana Dharma was present everywhere,

    That the idols in many South Indian Temples had to be hidden to escape the wrath of Islam,. Correcting Indian History ‘Historical Madness’?https://ramanisblog.in/2015/01/11/correcting-indian-history-historical-madness/

    ‘ These apologists for Secularism, which , in my opinion, is as cowardly as Non ALignment, are raising a uproar hollering that they would accept only facts as History and not historicised Legends-I can not understand this double peak, Can you?

    What are they concerned about the facts that are untrue and fantasies?

    Sanatana Dharma is the name of Hinduism.

    It dates back to , at least 5000 BC.

    Vedas are the oldest literature available.

    They teach for Humanity, not for a Group.

    They do not advocate either Untouchability casteism.

    That India is the country which never invaded other Countries.

    Indian Sanatana Dharma was practiced in Burma, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia,Vietnam,Cambodia,Laos,Fiji,Japan,New Zealand,Polynesian islands,Australia,Middle East, Turkey,Bulgaria, Rumania,Yugoslavia,Italy,Germany,Rome,Spain, Portugal,France,

    England, Scandinavian Countries,Russia, China,Africa, North America, South America and Central America.

    That Evidence has been found to support these facts.

    That indian texts indicate their proficiency in Physics,Astrophysics ,Quantum Physics,Chemistry, Mathematics, Astronomy, Calculus,Trignometry,Architecture, Music, Dance,Ship Building, Medicine,Cloning,Stem Cell Research,Para Psychology, Psychology, Sociology,Botany, Biology,Space Technology, Space Travel, metallurgy, Water Management,,Linguistics,Agriculture,…….

    * please check my posts on these topics filed under Hinduism, Science, Astrophysics.

    That Lord Ram and Krishna were not figments of imagination as Jesus is, but Historical figures whose existence is authenticated.

    That Ramayana and Mahabharata were not stories but facts, history.

    Puranas are not non sense but a chronicle of Human evolution..

    That Islam has destroyed temples, raped Indian women, plundered India,

    That the present Muslims were forced to convert to Islam by sword,

    That The Taj Mahal was built ona Shiva Temple,

    That Vikramaditya ruled the world,

    That Sanskrit is the Mother of all languages and is the most suitable for even the modern computing,

    That tamil, another ancient Indian Language is as old as Sanskrit,

    That india was culturally One,

    That there was no Aryan Invasion,

    That there was no entry of Aryans through the Khyber Pass,

    That Lord Rama’s ancestor Satyavrata Manu migrated to North from the South,

    That the British falsified History,

    That Macaulay introduced english in India to divide the Indians and make them lose their respect for their Culture and Religion,

    That the British committed the genocide of indians, some one billion Indians.

    That the British carted away indian artefacts,. . https://ramanisblog.in/2015/01/04/history-content-secular-indian-are-worried-about-list/

    Dr. Bhyrappa recalls how he was removed from NCERT panel for questioning distortion of history…

    Recalling his professional days with NCERT (National Council of Educational Research and Training) in New Delhi, Dr. Bhyrappa said that when Indira Gandhi was the PM, she framed National Integration Rules and as part of it, a committee was formed under the Presidentship of G. Parthasarathy, who was the Policy Advisor to Indira Gandhi and was her confidante and was also close to Jawaharlal Nehru family.

    “Parthasarathy later formed a National Syllabus Revision Committee and five members were appointed and I was one among the members. In the very first meeting, Parthasarathy told us to cleanse the history and social studies textbooks. I asked what actually must be removed from the textbooks,” Dr. Bhyrappa recalled.

    “Parthasarathy replied to me that in the textbooks, it has been mentioned that Mughal ruler Aurangzeb destroyed hundreds of temples including the Kashi Vishwanath Temple at Varanasi, revered by lakhs of Hindus. Parthasarathy asked me if this is needed in the history books and such incidents will pollute young minds. I was surprised and asked Parthasarathy if Aurangzeb did not destroy Kashi Vishwanath Temple, then who had destroyed Kashi Vishwanath temple??? Parthasarathy had no answer for that,” Dr. Bhyrappa said.

    Narrating the proceedings of the National Syllabus Revision Committee meeting, Dr. Bhyrappa said, “I asked Parthasarathy that what does one infer when he/she saw a Nandi staring at a mosque in Varanasi? What if the students question the teacher in future on this issue???Parthasarathy had no answers to these questions and he led me to his chamber and told me, ‘You are from Karnataka and I am from Tamil Nadu and we must be like brothers. Let’s not fight.’ After listening to Parthasarathy, I headed out.”

    “In the next meeting held after 15 days, I again asked the same questions as I did not get any answer earlier. Parthasarathy ended the meeting there itself angrily. After a few days, a Government notification was published which said that the National Syllabus Revision Committee has been reconstituted and my name was missing from the list,” Dr. Bhyrappa recalled.

    “The five-member composition was retained and instead of me, one left-leaning historian was appointed and this committee changed the history and social studies books and hid the real history from the students. All lessons were favourable to the left-leaning ideology and the authentic history was dropped The lessons projected outside invaders as heroes and India’s real treasures, history and knowledge found no place in those books. As most of the States were ruled by the Congress, all meekly accepted the syllabus and no one protested,” he added.

    In his concluding remarks, the noted litterateur said that academics have been spoilt for the sake of votes. “Agenda-driven historians, academicians and also vote-bank-focussed politicians have corrupted young minds,” he regretted.

    This post was published on June 2, 2022 in Star of Mysore.
    https://starofmysore.com/no-place-for-ideology-in-education-dr-s-l-bhyrappa/

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    Porus Defeated Spared Alexander Life .

    I have written a number of articles on these subjects. In an earlier article that Alexander’s triumph over Porus and Alexander’ subsequent return to Greece looked suspicious., as thte source one depends on heavily is Megasthanes’s Indica of Chadra Gupta Maurya Empire.

    Megasthanes writes in detail about Chandra Gupta even intimate details.

    But the catch…

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    Alexander Feared Bengalis, Fled

    They were living in the region around the five mouths of the River. Ganga where it meets the sea.

    The kings possessed a great army including a frightening army of Elephants.

    This made Alexander, the Great to flee , fearing the Bengali Might.

    I have earlier written on the fact that the success of Alexander…

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    Lord Rama’s Chapel In UR Iraq

    Amidst the ruins of Ur, he unearthed a Ram-chapel but totally missed its relevance in world history. This crucial finding not only bridges the wide gaps between Indian tradition and archaeology but also unfolds the historic bonds that once united ancient India, Iran and Sumer. Ram-Sin of (Larsa) to whose memory this chapel was dedicated…

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    Angirasa Founder Pre Sumerian Civilization Akkadian Empire?

    5.Akkadian’s( Forefathers of the Sumerians) Moon God was Naram Sin, Narasimha.*

    6.There are repeated references in the Sumerian/Akkadian language to Meluuha.

    7.Ancient Tamil Brahmi Scripts were found in Oman and Egypt.

    These facts establish that,

    The Tamils were an advanced civilisation by 2200 BC(Akkadian Empire)

    The Hindu Gods and Goddesses were worshiped in Sumeria,

    Names…

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    Dasaratha Had Sons other Than Four,In Sumeria Mittani Kings List?

    So if Dasaratha,spelled as Tusharatta in these Kings Lists,who were Dasaratha’s successors in Sumerian and Mittani Empire? 

    Names of the sons of Ramayana,Lava and Kusa are not found ,either.

    Could it be that the Kings of Sumerian and Mittani are the children of Bharatha,Lakshmana,Shatrugna?

    Or the sons of Dasaratha, through his consort other than Kausalya,Kaikeyi…

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    Solar Lunar Dynasties

    History Of India 1 Ikshvaku To Chandragupta Maurya.

    The South Indian  kings trace their ancestry to. Solar ,Ikshvaku Dynasty and also to Lunar dynasty.

    The Ikshvahu dynasty frm Treta Yuga ,from million years ago extended upto Dwapara yuga and ended with King Sumitra who was defeated and driven away from Ayodhya.

    Then we find continum from that period from Magadha dynasty,which belongs to…

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  • Don’t Rewrite History Advice Reserved For India, Hindus?

    Don’t Rewrite History Advice Reserved For India, Hindus?

    Now a new litany has started in India in response to Indians awakening to their ancient past and places of worship . It is a well known fact invaders, from Alexander to the British plundered India and though all of them were involved in destroying Hindu places of worship, the prize goes to Islam which has destroyed the maximum number of temples,at times the same temple over many a time,and converted them into Mosques.

    When people who have an inclination to know their past history, try to correct the injustices and looting and try to reclaim their past, the advice of ‘Great Visionaries ‘ is to advise , Don’t rewrite History ‘

    Excellent.

    I am not a Learned man nor a spiritual one,far from it. Being an idiot, I have a few questions.

    • Is the advice of ‘ Don’t rewrite History ,limited only to India?
    • Does it apply to other nations as well?
    • If so, what about these countries?
    • Cambodia
    • Laos
    • Vietnam
    • Thailand
    • Malaysia
    • Fiji
    • Newzealand
    • Australia
    • Pakistan
    • Burma
    • Sri Lanka
    • Bangladesh
    • Iran
    • Iraq
    • Turkey
    • Saudi Arabia
    • Emirates
    • Bulgaria
    • Romania
    • Germany
    • Italy
    • France
    • UK
    • Nordic countries
    • Russia
    • US
    • Peru
    • Honduras
    • Mexico
    • Africa

    I have not mentioned the countries by merely looking at the maps. The reason will be evident if you follow the link here.

    Marthand Sun Temple, Pakistan.
    Pharaoh with Vaishnava Marks from museum

    Try refuting the information. They are sourced from your favourite Western Free thinkers.Now ask all of them to rewrite their history.

    When somebody steals from you and is not even repentant,on top of it, claims it their legacy ,what history are you talking about? To claim your Heritage is a Sin?Try saying it to Islam, Christianity .Still better ask the Jews,the only race with balls( sorry for the language here).Try talking to the Holocaust Survivors. Did they leave the misery heaped upon their race and killing of millions as if nothing has happened?

    Shall we leave the areas recently captured by China as History? Shall I stop attempting to recover my property from the one who had stolen it from me and asserts it is Right?

    May be I Am Dumb.

    Temples concerted into Mosques

    Temples destroyed in Pakistan

    Learn Vishnu Lalitha Sahasranama Online

    Aghora Pasupatha Homa Evil Eye Protection Mukthi

    Removal of Evil eye, Protection from forces that hinder Spiritual development. Protection from Black magic,Animals. Increases self confidence and self assurance. Clarity of thought.. Above all,Mukthi and Gnana are facilitated.

    Rig Veda Inflenced Civilizations Outside India

    Date of Rig veda in Ramanisblog According to Ramanisblog, the date of the Rig Veda is subject to considerable debate, with modern scholarly estimates generally ranging between 2000 BCE to 1000 BCE[1]. However, Ramanisblog highlights that Hindu tradition considers the Vedas to be timeless and without a specific beginning[1]. Perspectives on Rig Veda Dating Ramanisblog…

    Navavarana Pooja 1 Guru Stuthi

    Following in the Ai Generated transcript of the Navavarana Pooja Mantras . Recorded and sent to my Shishyas. This is being made public so that this secret knowledge is not lost to posterity. Those who want to be initiated may contact me through mail at ramanan50@gmail.com. Also they can contact through the comment column. If…

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  • Rajaraja Chozha Killed Elder Brother Aditha Karikala? Epigraphy Evidence

    Rajaraja Chozha Killed Elder Brother Aditha Karikala? Epigraphy Evidence

    One of the intriguing aspects of Rajaraja Chozha, who is one of the greatest emperors India had seen, is the mystery surrounding the murder of his Elder Brother Aditha Karikala. Aditha Karikala is reported to have been killed by the Personal Bodyguards of Veerapandya, the Pandya King who fought relentlessly against the Cholas. In the battle that ensued, Veera Pandya was seriously injured, escaped from the battlefield and was hiding in a forest,tending his injuries. Aditha Karikala, who led the Cholas in the battle,hunted Veerapandya in his hideout and Cut his head. He did not stop at that that. He hung the lifeless head Thanjavur Fort,which was the capital of Chozhas then. At that time,his father Sundara Chozha was alive. Adithya Karikala added the title,’One who cut the Head of Veerapandya’ ‘before his name. This was not taken kindly by the Pandyas.From here the narratives become hazy .The Bodyguards,called ‘Abathuthavis’ in Tamil,which is equivalent to the Z Group Security Guards, infiltrated into Chozha kingdom,plotted to avenge the death of Adhita Karikala by murdering Sundara Chozha,Rajaraja Chozha ( he had not ascended the the throne yet and was known as Arunmizhi Thevan) and Madurantaka Chozha was called as Uthama Chozha during later days..Madurantaka Chozha was the paternal uncle of Rajaraja Chozha. Madurantaka Chozha ruled ,after the death of Sundara Chozha,for a few years.After he was thrown out/killed, Rajaraja Chozha came to power.)

    The question of who killed Aditha Karikala remains a mystery.The narrative that the Guards of Veerapandya murdered Aditha Karikala and the conspirators were punished by Rajaraja Chozha after he came to power is recorded in the Udayarkudi Epigraph. Udayarkudi has a Siva temple built by Rajaraja Chozha The Epigraph states that the conspirators who murdered Aditya Karikala known as the one who cut the head of Pandya, Doman,Panchavan Brahmadhirayan Ravidasam Irumudi Chozha Brahmadhirayan Parameswaran,their brother Malayanur Revadasavithan’s portions of the properties: and from the properties of the Ravidasan’s mother Nangaichanai,his son, Ravidasan’s brother’s,relatives,uncle’s,and those who are married to these; Six house groups measuring two and three fourth veli and oNe Square Ma( a measurement of Ancient Tamil People) is to bought by Vyaazha Gajamallan from the Town Officials by paying 112 Gold Kazhanju,( medium of payment)

    Udayarkudi Epigraph.

    வீரநாராயண சதுர்வேதி மங்கலத்து ஊர் சபையின்  பொறுப்பில் இருக்கும்  ‘பாண்டியன் தலை கொண்ட’ ஆதித்த சோழனை கொன்று துரோகிகளான சோமன்பஞ்சவன் பிரமாதிராயரான ரவிதாசன்இருமுடி சோழ பிரமாதிராயனான பரமேஸ்வரன், இவர்கள் தம்பி மலையானூரனான ரேவதாசவித்தன் ஆகியோரது உடைமைகளில் இருந்தும், இவர்கள் உடன்பிறந்தார், இவர்கள் மாமன்மார், இவர்களிடம் பெண்ணெடுத்தவர்கள், இவர்களுக்கு பெண் குடுத்தவர்கள் ஆகியோரது உடமைகளில் இருந்தும், ரேவதாசவித்தன்அவன் மகன், அவன் தாய் நங்கை சாணி ஆகியோரின் இரண்டே முக்கால் வெளி ஒரு மா பரப்பளவு நிலத்துடன் கூடிய ஆறு வீட்டுத் தொகுதிகளை, வியாழ கஜமல்லன் என்பவர் ஊரார் சபையிடம் இருந்து 112 பொன் கழஞ்சு

    https://roar.media/tamil/main/arts-culture/ponniyinselvan-part-five

    The inscription from Udaiyargudi dated in the second regnal year of Rajaraja Chola states that the government confiscated the lands of a few people and their relatives, namely Soman, Ravidasan alias Panchavan Brahmadhirajan, Parameswaran alias Irumudichola Brahmadhirajan and Malaiyanur Revadasa Kramavittan and the properties of his son and mother for treason and for their hand in the murder of Karikala chola who took the head of the Pandya. Among these Ravidasan and Parameswaran were government officials. We can safely gather that although Aditya II was killed in 969 C.E., no action had been taken by Uttama during his reign to bring justice to the perpetrators. K.A.N. Sastry in his authoritative Colas says that based on an inscription at the temple at Udayarkudi, circumstantial evidence pointed to Uttama’s culpability in the assassination. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttama_Chola#cite_ref-udaiyargudi1_7-0. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttama_Chola#cite_ref-udaiyargudi2_8-1. South Indian History Congress (1999). Proceedings of the Annual Conference, Volume 18. p. 157.

    Doubt on the Epigraph is due to the fact

    • Why it took Rajaraja Chozha twenty years to punish the perpetrators?
    • Why his uncle , Madurantaka Chozha did not punish ?
    • Two of the perpetrators were Government officials.Dies it mean they had a hand in the assassination?
    • Even the punishment is not Death Penalty. The perpetrators were sent away from the country.Why?

    The argument that they were not given death penalty is due to the practice of the then kings did not execute Brahmins because the kings were following Manu Dharma Shastra which forbids Kings from killing Brahmins This is not supported by evidence anywhere.

    If one were to by motives behind a crime, only Madhurantaka Chozha and Rajaraja Chozha fit the bill. Madurantaka can be ruled out because because Rajaraja Chozha and his all powerful Sister Kundavai and her husband Vandhitath Thevan and Rajaraja Chozha’s close friend Aniruddha Brahmaraya( a Brahmin,who later became Rajaraja Chozha’s all powerful Prime Minister ,would not have allowed Madurantaka to ascend the throne By the same logic, Aniruddha Brahmaraya who was the Prime Minister at the time when the punishment was meted out, would not have done so as not only was he a Prime Minister but an astute politician as well not to allow the Brahmins to escape punishment as it would tar his image as a Brahmin and also endanger the King.

    Yet the order was passed on, as in the Epigraph,not as an Order of the King with Chozha insignia but only as a Sri Mukha, a letter from the King, which does not carry the force of an order with Insignia.

    So, it is probably, by the process of elimination,that Rajaraja Chozha was behind the conspiracy to kill Adhitya Karikala with the help of Kundavai,Vandhyath Thevan and planning by Aniruddha Brahmaraya. This would account for the meek acquiescence of Rajaraja Chozha to the Coronation of Madhurantaka and leaving for Lanka expedition, exposing Sundara Chozha too , to manage any fallout of the assassination,along with Madhurantaka. Events were stage managed that resulted in Madhurantaka sidelined and Rajaraja Chozha ascending the throne..

    Udayarkudi

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    Chozha Coronation Ceremony At Chidambaram Nataraja Temple

    Chidambaram.The Three Thousand Brahmins,called Thillai Vaazh Andhanar Moovayiravar, தில்லை வாழ் அந்தணர் மூவாயிரவர்,perform this ceremony and they would not perform this for anyone else. This is recorded in a eighteenth century painting in Chidambaram Nataraja temple.

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    Thanjavur Big Temple How It Was Built Logistics

    This temple has withstood six powerful earthquakes.

    It’s one of the most amazing buildings in India. It’s 10 times taller than anything built before it, and not only is it huge, but it’s made of granite, one of the hardest stones in the world.

    Due to the temples’ size, the U.S. Senate, Versailles, the Houses…

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    Rajendra Chola Built Hospital Surgery Vedic School Thirumukkoodal Temple

    Thirumukkoodal temple dedicated to Sri Vishnu  as Thirumukkoodal Appan,Sri Venkateswara is an example of how Chola and later Pallava Kings maintained Vedic School and hospital for the people.The hospital had Fifteen beds and surgeries were performed. People were treated for diseases and epigraphs list the diseases and cures. Specially treated Cow Urine was used to…

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  • Vishakapatnam Was Kulothunga Chozha vatnam Evidence

    Vishakapatnam Was Kulothunga Chozha vatnam Evidence

    The empire of Chozhas was extended upto Kalinga during and after the period of Rajaraja Chola and Rajendra Chola . Rajendra Chola’ s grandson,(son of his daughter) was Kulothunga I.The present city of Vishakapatnam was called then as Kulothunga Chozha Patnam.Inscriptions found in Jaggarao Observatory of Vizakapatam taluk (during East India Company days) confirm this. There is also reference to a trader having gifted a garden and the mention of 500 ‘Perumballi of the 500” refers to a merchant guild of the Anjuvannam Group, hailing from Malamandala (Kerala)’..This talkies with Tamil Trader group of 500. Thodai Vanigar Ainnootruvar.’ திசை வணிகர் ஐநூற்றுவர்.

    India’s East Coast has had an enduring connection to the ocean, dating back to the 3rd Millennium BC. Maritime traffic, from this region, has spread Hinduism as far away as Indonesia, and Buddhism to Thailand and beyond. India’s most ancient text, the Rig Veda, chronicles India’s earliest maritime activity to 1700 BC whereas the Buddhist Jatakas relate ocean travel back to 500 BC. Many residents of Visakhapatnam believe that the city was just a fishing village that grew into a city only after the English set up their trading post here in 1682 AD. But is there an untold story of the origins of Visakhapatnam? For the reconstruction of the lost history of Visakhapatnam, stone or copper inscriptions can be relied upon as an authentic source. 

    The first recorded history of a place by the name “Visakhapatnam” can be seen on a stone inscription inside the Lord Bhimeswara Swamy Temple in Draksharamam (in present-day East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh). A text of that inscription as recorded and published by the Government Epigraphical branch of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is reproduced in Fig 1.

    This inscription reads – ‘in the year Saka 990 (which corresponds to 1068 AD) a merchant by the name Papaya, son of Mediya setti from Visakhapatnam, made a donation to ‘Bhimeswara’, the presiding deity of that temple. The donation consisted of one metal lamp stand for lighting a lamp. He also donated 50 cows for the supply of ghee to light that lamp to burn perpetually as long

    Inscription regarding Vishakapatnam as Kulothunga Chozha Pattana.

    the other inscription against serial no. 61 in fig 2, it also refers to thea sale of a land and a house to a merchant in Visakhapatnam in the year 1199 AD. This inscription also mentions the merchant guild. The name of Kulottunga Chola Pattana continues to be applied to Visakhapatnam for about two hundred years. 

    The inscription, showed against serial no. 62 in fig 2 in Tamil, mentions a gift of a mantapa to a temple by a merchant in the year 1250 AD. This inscription gives new information onf the existence of a temple, called “Karumanikka Alvar”, in Visakhapatnam. This is the only inscription available about this temple and there is no evidence of it in any literary sources. It was recorded in the Epigraphical report of the year 1909 AD that the inscriptions of AD 1199 and AD 1250 were found near Paravastu Rangacharya’s house. Paravastu Rangacharya’s family were living in Kancheraveedi of the old town near Venkateswara Temple (Embermannar). In all probability, this Karumanikka Alwar temple might have been in the old town of Visakhapatnam. Kollam, in this inscription, refers to the Port of Kollam near the present Kozikode in Kerala. 

    The inscription against serial no. 63 in the above figure relates to the period of Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva, a Eastern Ganga King related to Kulottunga I, inscribed in the Saka year 1012, corresponding to 1090-91 AD. “Perumballi of the 500” refers to a merchant guild of the Anjuvannam Group, hailing from Malamandala (Kerala). So, the inscription records a gift by the guild to a merchant of Kerala. This gives evidence that there were merchant guilds, and merchants from Kerala, at Visakhapatnam during the 11th Century. It also says that the name of the city was changed as Kulottunga-Cholapattana in honour of the king of the Chola dynasty, which was ruling Chola, Vengi and Kalinga areas at that time.  three inscriptions in Fig 2, mention merchants of trade guilds residing in Visakhapatnam. Considerable history of maritime trade in Visakhapatnam during the period between 1099 AD and 1250 AD. It is also clear that there was much Tamil influence in Visakhapatnam during Chalukya Chola’s time.

    Inscription regarding gift of Garden
    Other inscriptions in Vishakapatnam.

    One more inscription given in Fig. 4 is also from the Simhachalam Temple wherein it is mentioned that a person, who appears to be Tamil, purchased a garden from a local resident of Visakhapatnam and gifted it to the temple in the year 1421 AD. This gives evidence of an agrarian society in Visakhapatnam. 

    Visakhapatnam

    Kulottunga Chola I ( சக்ரவர்த்தி குலோத்துங்க சோழதேவர் “Chakravarti Kulottunga Chozhadeva”; r. 1070 CE – 1122 CE) also spelt Kulothunga, was an 11th-century Chola Emperor who reigned for fifty-two years.He was one of the sovereigns who bore the title “Kulottunga”, literally meaning “the exalter of his race” in Tamil, succeeding his cousin Athirajindra. He did not belong to the main line of Cholas but was rather a prince of the Venki belongs to Eastern Chalukya dynasty, but also he is known as tamil chola. His mother, Ammangaidevi, was a Chola princess and the daughter of emperor Rajendra Chola I. His father was king Rajaraja Narendra of the Eastern Chalukya dynasty who was the nephew of Rajendra Chola I and maternal grandson of Rajaraja chola.According to historian Sailendra Nath Sen, his accession marked the beginning of a new era and ushered in a period of internal peace and benevolent administration. .. The Chola kingdom remained formidable under Kulottunga in his 45th regnal year (c. 1115 CE). Except for the loose hold over Lanka, the rest of the empire remained intact. The boundary between the Cholas and the Western Chalukyas was as always the Tungabhadra river. The hold over Vengi was quite firm, and Dakkina Kosala (south-west Kalinga) and some parts of Kalinga (proper) including the capital Kalinganagara, the modern Mukhalingam in the Srikakulam district, was under the Chola rule.[ Port Quilon, on the Malabar Coast, was recovered by prince Vikrama Chola sometime between c. 1102 and c. 1118 CE Kulothunga Chozha I

  • 43000 Tamil Nadu Inscriptions In Eight Languages

    43000 Tamil Nadu Inscriptions In Eight Languages

    Epigraphs and Copperplates Inscriptions form one of the sources for Indian history. Kings recorded their.. . https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Indian_epigraphy

    About 43000 inscriptions are found in Tamil Nadu. Apart from a wealth of information, what interested me most was the number of languages used in these records. Eight languages have been used! To my surprise Prakrit occupies the second place to Tamil.And Local language is also used. I am not sure what it is. Might be local dialect. Am providing image showing the percentage of languages used in these records.

    Inscriptions.Languages used.

    • Reign details
    • Wars won,lost,
    • Genealogy,
    • Grants provided to the Temples,if any has been made or a temple built
    • Or if a donation to a group of people are made
    • Or donation by an individual to the temple or the Kings’ Coffers.

    Information such as these are recorded in

    • Temple walls.
    • In Copperplates,which are left in the custody of some people or buried in a safe place.
    • Written on Palm leaf 🍂.

    Indian copper plate inscriptions are historical legal records engraved on copper plates in India.

    Donative inscriptions engraved on copper plates, often joined together by a ring with the seal of the donor, was the legal document registering the act of endowment. It was probably necessary to produce them when required to prove ownership/ the claim to the rights. The retrievability of the copper plates was perhaps crucial in the newly settled lands. Detailed information on land tenures and taxation available from these copper plate grants….

    Indian copper plate inscriptions (tamarashasana), usually record grants of land or lists of royal lineages carrying the royal seal, a profusion of which have been found in South India. Originally inscriptions were recorded on palm leaves, but when the records were legal documents such as title-deeds they were etched on a cave or temple wall, or more commonly, on copper plates which were then secreted in a safe place such as within the walls or foundation of a temple, or hidden in stone caches in fields. Plates could be used more than once, as when a canceled grant was over-struck with a new inscription. These records were probably in use from the first millennium.

    Some of the oldest inscribed copper plates to be found in the Indian subcontinent date to the Mature Harappan era, consisting of up to 34 characters and thought to be used for copper plate printing…Indian Copperplates .

    Epigraphy is the study of Inscriptions on Rocks, Pillars, Temple walls, Copper plates and other Writing-materials like Stones, Metals, Potteries, Woods, Palm leaves, Clothes, Conch shells, Mural paintings and Coins. It is one of the most fascinating and instructive studies. It deals with the art of writing, which distinguishes man from animals and provides us with an instrument for conservation and transmission of historical traditions from generation to generation. ….It has been estimated with a fair degree of accuracy that the inscriptions written in Tamil occupy the first position in volume, amounting nearly 20,000, followed by those in Kannada (10,600), Sanskrit (7,500) and Telugu (4,500). Inscriptions in Tamil language are noticed from the third century BCE onwards. (Source: Journal of the Epigraphical Society of India Volume 19 : 1993)….

    A separate epigraphy wing was started during the year 1966. The primary function of this wing is to copy inscriptions on boulders, stone pillars, stones, temple walls and on copper plates. The inscriptions are deciphered,edited and published. So far, about 24,771 inscriptions are copied and their estampages (ink impression) are preserved in this wing. Some original copper plates and old palm leaf manuscripts are also under the custody of this department.

    Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu