Tag: History of India

  • Uparichara Thodiththol Chola Great grandfather Of Pandavas Founder Chedi Kingdom

    Uparichara Thodiththol Chola Great grandfather Of Pandavas Founder Chedi Kingdom

    While tracing the genealogy of Ikshvaku and chola kings in my efforts to find out the King, who was gifted with a Flying chariot,Vimana by Indra (.His son was Narendrapati who became king at the end of the Treta ageI came across interesting information.  His son was king Vasu entitled Uparichara on account of his having received a celestial car from Indra by which he moved about in all directions).This King was Thodiththol Chembian, a Chola King. This has been explained in detail in Manimekalai and Silappadikaram belonging to Sangam Literature,among other literature of the same period.The King is reported to have aided Indra and as a boon the Chola King was given a staff and flying chariot. The King is mentioned as Uparichara in Sanskrit in Mahabharat in Puru Genealogy.He founded the Chedi Kingdom. In Tamil texts mentioned above, this King celebrated a festival lasting for Twenty eight days in Poompuhar, the port of Cholas,which is now in Tamilnadu. This was called Indra Vizha.The Indra Vizha, Festival was also celebrated by Incas. Interesting to find that Chedis celebrate’The festival involved planting of a bamboo pole every year, in honour of Indra. The king will then pray for the expansion of his cities and kingdom. After erecting the pole, people decked it with golden cloth and scents and garlands and various ornaments. From Chedi, he ruled a large territory, placing his sons as governors of various provinces. Ref. Chedi Kingdom

    And more. This Thodiththol Chola, Uparichara was the father Vyasa ,Great grandfather of Pandavas and Kauravas. ‘

    The girl was named Matsyagandha which means “the one who smells of fish”; due to her upbringing, she retained this characteristic for a time. She was Satyavati, who later married Shantanu and who was the mother of Sage Veda Vyasa, and thus the great-grandmother of the Pandavas and Kauravas. The boy was named Matsya because he was born out of a fish; he founded the Matsya Kingdom. His descendant was Virata who founded the kingdom’s capital Viratanagara.

    Vasu and Girika had five sons: Brihadratha (Maharatha), father of Jarasandha, the prince of Magadha Kingdom; Pratyagraha, the prince of the Chedi Kingdom, whose descendant was Shishupala; Kusamva (Manivahana); Mavella; and Yadu.  

    It was King Chitradhanvan, of Ikshvaku) Chola Dynasty. Chitradhanvan’ s great grandson was the last King in Treta Yuga.’His son was Narendrapati who became king at the end of the Treta age.  His son was king Vasu entitled Uparichara on account of his having received a celestial car from Indra by which he moved about in all directions (v. 39).

    Uparichara Vasu was the son of King Krtaka and a descendant of Kuru(2) of the Puru Dynasty. He lived in Dvapara Yuga. He was a contemporary of the Kuru king Shantanu. He was devoted to Truth and Virtue. His name derives from “upari”, meaning “upwards”, and “chara”, meaning “going”, i.e. “the one who goes upwards always”.[1]This meaning arises from his flying chariot………

    He is described in the Mahabharata, (1:63) and (12:338). One day, he decided to give up rulership of his kingdom and decided to do penance to please Lord Indra. He made severe penance. and Indra and devas appeared before him, promising him eternal friendship and great bliss in heaven, also giving him a garland which was made of Lotuses of Kalpaka Vrksha. This was given in a mark of friendship between Indra and Vasu. By the blessings of Indra, Vasu conquered the Chedi Kingdom, then he returned to his kingdom. There was a river named Suktimati (Ken) which flowed in his capital; hence the capital was named Suktimati.

    After Vasu performed the austerities, gratified Indra had blessed him and given him a crystal chariot along with a bamboo pole to protect his subjects. Uparichara, after one year, planted the pole and worshipped it as Sakra. This became a tradition in Chedi and people used to erect pole and deck it with gold cloth, scents, garlands and various ornaments. Indra was gratified by this festival and blessed them.

    The neighbouring mountain, Kolahala was once maddened by lust and attacked this river, blocking her path. The river sought the protection of Uparichara Vasu, who split the mountain with a kick, allowing the river to pass through. By the union of the mountain and the river, a boy and a girl were born. The boy was made Commander-in-Chief of Vasu’s army; the girl, Girika, was married to Vasu. At the due time, Girika bathed preparatory to conceiving a child, and told her husband that the time was right. However, when Vasu and Girika were out in the palace gardens, The Pitrs (ancestors) of Vasu appeared before him and commanded him to slay the running deer. He could not disobey their words, and set out for a hunt to slay the deer. [2]……Full of thoughts of Girika as he travelled the beautiful forest, the king’s seed, which he was anxious not to waste, was caught by him on a leaf. Having consecrated the seed with mantras, he called on a passing hawk, asking it to carry the seed to Girika as it was her time to conceive. On its way, the hawk was interrupted by another, who mistook the leaf for a piece of meat. In their fighting, the seed fell into the river Yamuna, where lived a beautiful Apsara named Adrika, who was at the time in the form of a fish, having been cursed by Brahma. Adrika swallowed the seed; nine months later, some fishermen of Vasu’s kingdom caught the fish, and took from her belly two human children, a boy and a girl. Adrika, having been told by Brahma that, on giving birth to two human children in her fish form, she would be released from her curse, resumed the form of an Apsara and ascended to the celestial realm. The fishermen took the children to Vasu; the king chose the boy to be raised in his household, and gave the girl to a fisherman named Dasaraj. [2]

    The girl was named Matsyagandha which means “the one who smells of fish”; due to her upbringing, she retained this characteristic for a time. She was Satyavati, who later married Shantanu and who was the mother of Sage Veda Vyasa, and thus the great-grandmother of the Pandavas and Kauravas. The boy was named Matsya because he was born out of a fish; he founded the Matsya Kingdom. His descendant was Virata who founded the kingdom’s capital Viratanagara.

    Vasu and Girika had five sons: Brihadratha (Maharatha), father of Jarasandha, the prince of Magadha Kingdom; Pratyagraha, the prince of the Chedi Kingdom, whose descendant was Shishupala; Kusamva (Manivahana); Mavella; and Yadu. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uparichara_Vasu

    விழாவறை காதை உரை இந்திர விழாவின் வரலாறு 1-10: உலகம்……….ஆகலில் (இதன் பொருள்) உலகம் திரியா ஓங்கு உயிர் விழுச்சீர் பலர் புகழ் மூதூர் பண்பு மேம்படீஇய – சான்றோர் சென்ற நெறிநின்றொழுகுதலில் ஒரு பொழுதும் பிறழா தொழுகுதல் காரணமாகப் பெரிதும் உயர்ந்துள்ள தனது மாபெரும் சிறப்பினைப் பிறநாட்டிலுள்ள சான்றோர் பலரும் புகழாநிற்றற் கிடமான பழைய ஊராகிய புகார் நகரத்தின் தெய்வத் தன்மை காலந்தோறும் மேம்பட்டு வளர்தற் பொருட்டாக; ஓங்கு உயர் மலயத்து அருந்தவன் உரைப்ப – வானுற உயர்ந்து புகழானும் உயர்ந்த பொதிய மலையின்கண் இறைவன் ஏவலாலே எழுந்தருளியிருக்கும் செய்தற்கரிய தவங்களைச் செய்துயர்ந்த அகத்தியமுனிவன் பணிப்ப: தூங்கு எயில் எறிந்த தொடித்தோள் செம்பியன் – வானத்திலே இயங்குகின்ற மதில்களை அழித்த வீர வலைய மணிந்த சோழ மன்னன் ஒருவன்; விண்ணவர்தலைவனை வணங்கி முன்னின்று – தனக்கு நன்றிக் கடன்பட்டுள்ள அமரர்கோமனை வணங்கி அவன் முன்னிலையிலேயே நின்று; மண்ணகத்து என்றன் வான்பதி தன்னுள் – நிலவுலகத்திலமைந்த என்னுடைய தலை நகரத்தினுள்; மேலோர் விழைய விழாக்கோள் எடுத்த நால் ஏழ் நாளினும் நன்கு இனிது உறைக என – விண்ணவரும் கரந்துரு வெய்தி வந்து கரண்டற்கு விரும்புதற்குக் காரணமான பெரிய தொரு திருவிழாவை நினைக்கு யாங்கள் எடுத்தலை மேற்கொண்ட இருபத்தெட்டு நாளினும் நீ அந்நகரத்தே அவ்விழாவினை ஏற்றுக் கொண்டு உறுதியாக அங்கேயே இனிதாக வீற்றிருந்தருளல் வேண்டும் இது யான் நின்பால் பெற விரும்பும் வரம் என்று வேண்டா நிற்ப; அமரர் தலைவன் ஆங்கு அது நேர்ந்தது.தேவர் கோமனும் மறாஅது அவ்வாறே தந்த வரத்திற்கு; கவராக் கேள்வியோர் – ஐயுறாமைக்குக் காரணமான மெய்ந்நூற் கேள்வியினையுடைய சான்றோர்; கடவார் ஆதலின் – மாறுபட்டொழுகாராதலின் என்க. (விளக்கம்) உலகம் என்றது சான்றோருடைய ஒழுக்கத்தை,ஓங்குயர் விழுச்சீர், என்று ஒருபொருட்பன்மொழி பலவற்றை அடைபுணர்த்தோதினர். புகார் நகரத்துப் புகழ் சாலவும் உயர்ந்த புகழ்; தனக்குத் தானே நிகரான புகழ் என்றுணர்த்தற்கு. அப் புகழ் அத்தகையதாதலை புறவிற்காகத் துலாம் புக்கதும் ஆன்கன்றிற்கு மகனை ஆழியின் மடித்ததும் தூங்கெயில் எறிந்து அமரரைப் புரந்ததும் ஆகிய இன்னோரன்ன அந்நாட்டு மன்னர் செயற்கரிய செயல்களாலறிக. நாகநீள் நகரொடும் போகநீள் புகழ்மன்னும் புகார் என இளங்கோவடிகளாரும் (மங்கல) பாராட்டுதலறிக. பலர் அயல் நாட்டுச் சான்றோர் பலரும் என்க என்னை புகழத்தகுந்தவர் அவரேயாகலான். பண்பு – தெய்வப்பண்பு. அருந்தவன் – அகத்தியன். அகத்தியன் சோழனுடைய மூதூர் மேம்படுதற் பொருட்டுச் செம்பியன்பால் நீ இவ்வரத்தைக் கேள் என்றுரைத்தமையாலே செம்பியன் இந்திரன்பால் நீ விழாக்கோள் எடுத்த நாலேழ் நாளினும் என் பதியில் நன்கினிதுறைதல் வேண்டும் என வரங் கேட்டான்; அவனும் செய்ந்நன்றிக் கடன்பட்டிருத்தலான் அவ் வரத்தை மறாது நேர்ந்தனன் என்றவாறு. வானத்தே இயங்கு மதிலினுள் இருந்து அரக்கர் வானவர் ஊரெல்லாம் புகுந்து அவர்க்குக் கேடு விளைத்தனர். அம் மதிலை ஒரு சோழன் அழித்து அமரரைப் பாதுகாத்தனன். இவ்வாற்றல் நன்றிக் கடன்பட்ட இந்திரன் நீ விரும்பும் வரங்கேள் என்ன அச்சோழன் அகத்தியர் அறிவுறுத்தபடி வரம்கேட்டனன். அவனும் நேர்ந்தனன் என்க. இவ் வீரச் செயல்பற்றி அச்சோழமன்னன் தூங்கெயில் எறிந்த தொடித்தோள் செம்பியன் எனப்பட்டான்.

    Tamil Epics Refer Uparichara

    Additional References.

    http://www.tamilvu.org/courses/degree/p104/p1041/html/p1041333.htm

    1. சின்னமனூர் செப்பேடுகள் ஐங்குறுநூறு 62. (மணிமேகலை. 1: 65-72.) சிலப்பதிகாரம், இந்திரவிழவூரெடுத்த காதை மணிமேகலை, விழாவறை காதை

    குறிப்பு:தென்னமேரிக்க இன்கா நாகரிக மக்களும் இவ்விழாவைப்போன்றே இண்டிர்யாமி என்னும் விழாவை கொண்டாடினர்[1]

    1.  “the summer of rainy season come… Cuzco was now gay with arriving indians, for it was the sesaon of sun festival, the INTIRYAMI celebrating the time when, as the indians believed, the sun god came and live with them” – VictorW.Von Hagen, “HIGHWAY OF THE SUN”
  • Will Bring Up New Indian National Literature For India  for 200 Pounds Max Mueller

    Will Bring Up New Indian National Literature For India for 200 Pounds Max Mueller

    I had written earlier how the British manipulated and spread misinformation about the history of India.This , they carried out by Deliberately misinterpreting Indian texts,Declare Indians did not record their history,Indian texts are only myths,bordering on Fantasy and there not to be trusted, hired people both Foreigners, including The British and Indians for a hefty sum to misinterpret Hindu texts and lastly brought in and introduced the now defunct Theory of Aryan Invasion.

    I have written an article titled ‘Uproot the Rig Veda Max Mueller, Mueller, the Fraud’s Quote’ I referred to the attempt of Max Mueller to insert seemingly innocuous Translation which actually contained misinformation , the object being to denigrate Rig Veda and thus make Hindus lose respect for Rig Veda.

    And we have issued a Postal Stamp in His Honour!

    .

    On April 17, 1855, Bunsen wrote to thank Max Müller for an article on his

            Outlines.

    “You have so thoroughly adopted the English disguise that it will not be easy for any one to suspect you of having written this ‘curious article.’ It especially delights me to see how ingeniously you contrive to say what you announce you do not wish to discuss, i.e. the purport of the theology. In short, we are all of opinion that your cousin was right when she said of you in Paris to Neukomm, that you ought to be in the diplomatic service.

    Citation provided elsewhere in the article.

    He did all this for 200 Pounds for fifty sheets at the rate of Four Pounds a Sheet! The year was 1867! For comparison look at the cost during that period. ‘He was highly paid for this job. According to the statistical information given on page 214 of the “English Education, 1798-1902” by John William Adamson, printed by Cambridge University Press in 1930, the revised scale of a male teacher was £90 per year and for a woman, £60 in 1853. The present salary of a teacher in London is £14,000 to £36,000 per year, which averages a minimum of at least 200 times increase in the last 146 years. Max Müller was paid £4 per sheet of his writing which comes to £800 of today (1999). This is an incredibly high price for only one sheet of writing.But it’s the general law of business, that the price of a commodity increases with its demand. The British were in such an imperative need to get someone to do this job and Max Müller was the right person, so they paid whatever Max Müller asked for. His enthusiastic letter to his mother dated April 15, 1847 reveals this fact.’

    Why he was he paid ? ‘

    3. Max Müller’s letters dated August 25, 1856 and December 16, 1868 reveal the fact that he was desperate to bring Christianity into India so that the religion of the Hindus should be doomed.

    His letters also reveal that:

    4. He lived in poverty before he was employed by the British, (5) his duplicity in translation was praised by his superiors, and (6) in London, where he lived, there were a lot of orientalists working for the British. Letters of Max Müller……

    To Chevalier Bunsen. 55 St. John Street, Oxford, August 25, 1856.

    “India is much riper for Christianity than Rome or Greece were at the time of St. Paul. The rotten tree has for some time had artificial supports… For the good of this struggle I should like to lay down my life, or at least to lend my hand to bring about this struggle. Dhulip Singh is much at Court, and is evidently destined to play a political part in India.”

    To the duke of Argyll. Oxford, December 16, 1868.

    “India has been conquered once, but India must be conquered again, and that second conquest should be a conquest by education. Much has been done for education of late, but if the funds were tripled and quadrupled, that would hardly be enough… A new national literature may spring up, impregnated with western ideas, yet retaining its native spirit and character… A new national literature will bring with it a new national life, and new moral vigour. As to religion, that will take care of itself. The missionaries have done far more than they themselves seem to be aware of. “The ancient religion of India is

    “The Life and Letters of Friedrich Max Müller.” First published in 1902 (London and N.Y.). Reprint in 1976 (USA).

    1. TO HIS WIFE, OXFORD, December 9, 1867. “…I feel convinced, though I shall not live to see it, that this edition of mine and the translation of the Veda will hereafter tell to a great extent on the fate of India, and on the growth of millions of souls in that country. It is the root of their religion, and to show them what that root is, I feel sure, the only way of uprooting all that has sprung from it during the last 3,000 years.”

    2.

    TO HIS MOTHER, 5 NEWMAN’S ROW, LINCOLN’S INN FIELDS, April 15, 1847.

    “I can yet hardly believe that I have at last got what I have struggled for so long… I am to hand over to the Company, ready for press, fifty sheets each year; for this I have asked £200 a year, £4 a sheet. They have been considering the matter since December, and it was only yesterday that it was officially settled.” “…In fact, I spent a delightful time, and when I reached London yesterday I found all settled, and I could say and feel, Thank God! Now I must at once send my thanks, and set to work to earn the first £100.

    https://encyclopediaofauthentichinduism.org/articles/35_max_muller.htm
  • History of Tamil Chozha  Kings List From 5100 CE Karikal Valavan

    History of Tamil Chozha Kings List From 5100 CE Karikal Valavan

    We have seen in the earlier article about the date of Chera Kings of Tamil Nadu from the date of Mahabharata War. In this article, we shall look into the Timeline of Chozha Kings of Tamil Nadu.

    Karikalan is considered to be the first recorded Chola , though there are views that many Chozhas preceded Karikal Chozhan was a contemporary of Chera King Perunchotru Udhiyan Neduncheralaathan who was present in Mahabharata war. ‘Upon the accession of Karikala, at a young age, there was a civil conflict in the Chola territory. By the time Karikala had succeeded in vanquishing rival claimants and establishing his hold over the territory, the neighboring Chera and Pandya rulers saw their opportunity. The two rulers formed a confederacy which also included eleven Velir chieftains apart from the two major rulers and invaded the Chola territory.[citation needed] It is unclear why even the Velir who were generally the allies of the Cholas stood against Karikala, the scion of the solar race and of the Kashyapa gotra, though Karikala by his brilliant stratagem inflicted a crushing defeat on the alliance in the ensuing encounter at Venni. Following his defeat, the Chera ruler Uthiyan Cheralathan starved himself to death (suicide by slow starvation).’https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Venni

    Udhiyan Cheralaathan date based on Mahabharata reference about his presence in the War, is around 5100 CE. Karikalan defeated him at Battle of Venni. Therefore, Karikal Chozhan was a contemporary of Perunchotru Udhiyan Neduncheralaathan. Karikal Chola’ s date ,therefy, is around 5100 CE

    • Karikalan I 5100 CE (30)
    • Cheraman Paamaloor erintha Neythalanganal Ilamchetchenni (60 Years)
    • Cherupaazhi erintha Ilamchetchenni (50)
    • Perumpoon chenni (25)
    • Uruva Paikhrer Ilamchetchenni (13 years)
    • Karikalan II (32 years)
    • Manakkilli (20 years)
    • Vel pahradakkai Peruviral Killi (20 years)
    • Pooravaikopp Perunarkkilli ( 35 Years)
    • Mudithalai Koperunarkkilli (38 years)
    • Koperum Chozhan (25 Years)
    • Otrumai Vetta Perunarkkilli (22 Years)
    • Chetchenni Nalankilli @ Maavalathan (18)
    • Kulamutrathu tunjiya Killivalavan (21)
    • Kurapalli tunjiya Perum Thirumavalavan (39)
    • Neythalankanal Ilamchetchenni (20)
    • Karikalan III (50AD)
    • Maavan Killi (20AD)
    • Nedumudikkilli (20)
    • Chenganan (30)
    • Isai Ve ngilli (30 )
    • Kaivankilli (30)
    • Polampoonkilli (20)
    • Kadumankilli (25)
    • Nalladi (45) known by Agananooru 356th poem

    In the Battle of Venni, Karikala crushed the Pandya and Chera forces along with their 11 chieftains, leading to the unifying of the three kingdoms into one under Karikala’s rule. Chera King Peruncheralathan was fatally wounded by the arrow throwen

    by Karikalan that pierced his chest and wounded his back , Since he got wounded his back , the chera king out of shame had commited self sacrifice by starving himself to death facing North (vadakkiruthal).

    Karikal Cholas Northern expedition
  • Jamboodweepa Is Navalan Theevu Sangam Literature Confirms Geography

    When one reads Tamil Sangam Literature carefully,one finds it to be a mine of information.Information is so rich that one is amazed when it agrees with facts that are available today.Tamil , as I have discovered over the past twelve years, runs parallel to Sanskrit and Tamil culture is intimately and intricately connected with Vedic Culture.As a matter of record it may be noted that the worship of Siva and the concept of Saiva Siddhandha is more detailed in Dravida Desa,Tamil Land.Tamil and Sanskrit quote each other.Tamil Kings were present during Sita’s, Draupadi’s Swayamvara.Manu, the first Human being as described in Puran was a Dravidian emperor.Due to a great flood, his son Ikshvaku moved from South to Ayodhya and founded the Suryavansha,Solar Dynasty to which Sri Rama belongs.Manu’ s daughter, Ila remained in South and established the Chandravansha,the Lunar Dynasty.Tamil Kings of ancient days record that they belong to both the dynasties, because they intermarried.

    When Tamil literature mentions what is now North India,that is North of Vindhyas and Satpura ranges,it calls as வடபுலம் and ‘Those of North’ , வட புலத்தோர்’.Tamil sets it’s boundaries, Thiruvengadam, Tirupati range as North,South Kanyakumari,East and West Ocean.What is intriguing is that Tamil mentions Thiruvengadam as covered in Snow!We all know that Tirupati area is not covered by Snow all the year. ( I have marked relevant Tamil lines that say Thiruvengadam is covered by Snow, by #)When Himalayas are mentioned Tamil specifically points it out Imayam, இமயம் or words that contain Imayam. And Himalayas description is different from Thiruvengadam description.The description of Himalayas as Imayamalai or Imayam may be seen under சங்க இலக்கியத்தில் இமயமலை

    So the reference to Thiruvengadam is different from Himalayas.While Himalayas are always covered under Snow, Thiruvengadam is NOT.So these two are different.When Tamil sets Thiruvengadam as it’s northern boundary and describes it as having been covered with Snow and when it calls Himalayas as having been covered with Snow there is a difference in that Sangam Literature deliberately states Himalayas as Imayamalai with adjectives other than/ in addition to Imayamalai.

    Now lets us look at formation of Himalayas. It is about 70 Million years old.

    But Thiruvengadam is 2100 Million years old

    Geologists have dated Tirupati Hills range and the information tallies with what Hindu Puranas say about the age of the Hills. It is about 2100 Million years old.

    Based on this and references to this mountain by Tamil literature one can infer Tamils , to have described this mountain, should have lived when it was in existence and also when Himalayas was formed around 70 Million years ago.Tamil hints at the emergence of Himalayas by the pressure of tectonic plates , by saing that Sage Agastya was sent to South to balance the earth as Himalayas was pressed down and Southern plateau tilted up.’வடதிசை இமயமும், தென்திசை ஆய்குடியும் உலகைச் சமனிலை கொள்ளச் செய்யும். – புறம் 132′ This poem 132 from Puranaanuru states that Himalayas of the North and the Clan of Ay, a Tamil Clan shall balance the earth.There are innumerable poems that state Sage Agastya came to South while Siva Parvathi marriage took palce to regain earth’s balance and Tamilnadu has Temples where Siva was reported to have given Darshan of His marriage with Parvathi to Agastya as Agastya could not be present at Himalayas.

    Then we have the seven Root Races of the world.Among these are Lemuria.This is dated around 230 Million years old where it existed .I had written on this and also on MU civilization.

    Now landmass which was later known as Aryavartha, how was it called? Aryavartha people and Puran call South of Vindhyas as Dravida Desa ,Southern Country.

    What did Dravida Desa people call the Northern landmass?

    Navalantheevu, நாவலன் தீவு.Navalpazham is the name for Jamboo fruit in Tamil.How do puranas, Shruthi and Smriti describe Landmass? Jamboothdweepe Bharathavarshe Bharathak kande ‘( Sankalpa we do in Pooja and on religious occasions).Tamil therefore refers to North as Navalan theevu.It was surrounded by oceans.

    And what did lie between Thiruvengadam, the Northern boundary of Tamils and Himalayas.Vindhyas and Satpura mountain ranges, called as Krauncha Parvatha.Tamil literature refers to it as the landmass that lay as (lies now Vindhya and Satpura) Krauncha parvatha and Subrahmanya, Murugan broke it into two with his Vel ,Spear. ‘மாய அவுணர் மருங்கு அறத் தபுத்தவேல், நாவலந்தண்பொழில் வடமொழி ஆயிடைக் குருகொடு பெயர்பெற்ற மால்வரை உடைத்து, மலையாற்றுப்படுத்த மூவிரு கயந்தலை – பரிபாடல் 5-9 Paripadal 5- 9.(Murugan broke with his Spear the Mountain that lay between the land of Ay Clan and Land where people spoke Sanskrit) குருகு எறி வேலோய் – பரிபாடல் 19-36 (The one with Spear thou had throrn it to break open the Range.)

    So Tamil land was different from Aryavartha.Aryavartha was called Navalan Theevu,Jaboodweepa.These two were separated by Vindhya and Satpura mountains.South of it lay the Northern boundary of Tamils. Tamil Literature asserts this.And Northern territory was surrounded by oceans.

    #வடாஅது பனிபடு நெடுவரை வடக்கும்#

                        தெனாஅது உருகெழு குமரியின் தெற்கும்

                        குணாஅது கரைபொரு தொடுகடற் குணக்கும்

                        குடாஅது தொன்றுமுதிர் பௌவத்தின் குடக்கும்’   – (புறம்.6) ( Puranaanuru.6)

    என்று காரிகிழார் என்ற புலவர் தமிழ் மன்னர்கள் ஆண்ட பகுதிக்குட்பட்ட எல்லைகளை வரையறுத்துள்ளார்.   வடக்கு எல்லை பனிபடர்ந்த வேங்கடம் எனவும், தெற்கு எல்லை குமரி எனவும், கிழக்கும் மேற்கும் கடல் எனவும் எல்லைகள் குறிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன.

    https://sites.google.com/site/tholthamizhar/

    விடனுடைப் பேரியாழ் மிறையுளிக் கழிப்பிக்

    கடனுடை மரபிற் கைதொழூஉப் பழிச்சி

    நின்னிலை தெரியா வளவை யந்நிலை

    நாவலந் தண்பொழில் வீவின்று விளங்க

    நில்லா வுலகத்து நிலைமை தூக்கி

    யந்நிலை யணுகல் வேண்டி நின்னரைப்

    பாசி யன்ன சிதர்வை நீக்கி

    யாவி யன்ன யவிர்நூற் கலிங்க // /

    மிரும்பே ரொக்கலொ டொருங்குட னுடீஇக் // 470 // Perumpaanaatruppadai 470.

    https://ta.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88

    நெடியோன் குன்றமும் தொடியோள் பௌவமும்

    தமிழ் வரம்பறுத்த தண்புனல் நல்நாட்டு

    (சிலப்பதிகாரம்,வேனிற்காதை:1-2) Silappadhikaram Venil Kaathai:1-2.)

    (நெடியோன் குன்றம் – திருமாலவன் குன்றம், வேங்கட மலை, திருப்பதி; தொடியோள் – குமரி; பௌவம் – கடல்; வரம்பு – எல்லை.)

    சங்க காலத்துக்கு முன்பு கன்னியாகுமரிக்குத் தெற்கில் நெடுந்தூரம் பரவியிருந்த தமிழகம் சங்க காலத்தில் சுருங்கிவிட்டது. குறுங்கோழியூர் கிழார் என்னும் புலவர் புறநானூற்றில் சங்க காலத் தமிழகத்தின் எல்லையை அளவிட்டுக் காட்டியுள்ளார்: தென்குமரி வடபெருங்கல்

    குணகுட கடலா எல்லை

    (மதுரைக்காஞ்சி:70-71)( Maduraik Kaanchi 70-71)

    என்று தமிழகத்தின் எல்லையைச் சுட்டியுள்ளார்.

    வேங்கடத்துக்கு வடக்கில் வேறுமொழி (தெலுங்கு) இருந்து வந்தது என்பதனை மாமூலனார் அகநானூற்றில் பின்வருமாறு கூறியுள்ளார்.

    #பனிபடு சோலை வேங்கடத்து உம்பர்

    மொழிபெயர் தேஎத்தர் ஆயினும்,,,,,#

    (அகநானூறு, 211:7-8) Akanaanuru 211:7-8

    (உம்பர் – மேலே, வடக்கில்; மொழிபெயர் தேஎத்தர் – வேறு மொழி பேசும் நாட்டினர்.)

    குறுந்தொகையில் மாமூலனார் கட்டி என்னும் மன்னனின் நாட்டுக்கு வடக்கில் வடுகர் (தெலுங்கர்) வாழ்ந்து வந்தனர் என்பதை,

    குல்லைக் கண்ணி வடுகர் முனையது

    வல்வேல் கட்டி நல்நாட்டு உம்பர்

    மொழிபெயர் தேஎத்தர் ஆயினும்.

    (குறுந்தொகை,11:6-7)( Kurunthogai 11:6-7)

    என்று கூறுகிறார்.

    சங்க காலத் தமிழகத்தில் தற்போது உள்ள கேரளமும் சேர்ந்திருந்தது என்பது நன்னூல் குறிப்பிலிருந்து தெரிய வருகிறது. நன்னூலார் தமது இலக்கண நூலாகிய நன்னூலில் தமிழகத்தின் நான்கு எல்லைகளைச் சரிவரக் குறிப்பிட்டுள்ளார்.

    குணகடல் குமரி குடகம் வேங்கடம்

    (நன்னூல்,சிறப்புப்பாயிரம்:8 (Nannul Sirappupasyiram 8.

    http://www.tamilvu.org/courses/degree/a031/a0311/html/a0311112.htm