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Category: Language

  • Microsoft Translates By Grace of God as’ By the Grace of Allah( In Tamil)

    Microsoft Translates By Grace of God as’ By the Grace of Allah( In Tamil)

    I am in the practice of using Artificial intelligence for translation whether it be for translating my English articles into Tamil or for Audio by Text to speech.I normally get the translation and check it before publishing. For my Anchor Podcasts which are available across Spotify, Audible,Apple Podcast, and a host of other podcast platforms, i check the Audio quality and diction. If specific articles demand personal contribution, I record in my voice.

    Today I was translating my English article into Tamil on Lalitha Sobhanam ,a rare text with an excellent translation by my friend Sri. P.R.Ramchander, an erudite scholar who has translated numerous Sanskrit works and Malayalam Bhakthi works into English.

    Sometimes, i have this quirkiness in me, that of using two or translators to cross check and post the best translation.

    To my horror, I found in the text of Sri Lalitha Sobhanam, the words ‘ By The Grace of God ‘ has been translated by Microsoft Translator tool as By the Grace of Allah in Tamil, as அல்லாஹ்வின் அருளால் ‘!?

    However Google Translator and Yandex have translated correctly ‘ By the Grace of God as by the Grace of God in Tamil as இறையருளால்.

    No comments.

    Translation by Microsoft translator. Text for Translation.

    Sage Narada told them that for 12 years they will have the form of a wind. For the redemption for stolen wealth is charity. So those who did have the wealth, due to the grace of God lost their sins and got blessings. See Indra, those wealthy people attained salvation.” Let good things happen. Let Good things happen.

    Microsoft Translator Translates By The Grace of God as ,’ By the Grace of Allah in Tamil’

    . “நாரத முனிவர் அவர்களிடம், 12 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு அவர்கள் காற்றின் வடிவத்தைக் கொண்டிருப்பார்கள் என்று கூறினார். ஏனெனில், களவாடப்பட்ட செல்வத்தை மீட்பது தர்மமாகும். எனவே, அல்லாஹ்வின் அருளால் செல்வத்தைப் பெற்றவர்கள் தங்கள் பாவங்களை இழந்து ஆசீர்வாதங்களைப் பெற்றனர். இந்திரனைப் பாருங்கள், அந்த செல்வந்தர்கள் முக்தி அடைந்தனர்.” நல்ல விஷயங்கள் நடக்கட்டும். நல்ல விஷயங்கள் நடக்கட்டும். https://www.bing.com/translator?ref=MsftMT

    However The same Microsoft Translator Translates By God’s Grace as By the Grace of God correctly in Hindi as ‘ Bhagwan ki Krupa Se. ‘ऋषि नारद ने उन्हें बताया कि 12 वर्षों तक उनके पास हवा का रूप होगा। क्योंकि चोरी के धन का मोचन दान है। इसलिए जिनके पास धन था, भगवान की कृपा से अपने पाप खो दिए और आशीर्वाद प्राप्त किया। इंद्र को देखो, उन धनवान लोगों को मोक्ष की प्राप्ति हुई। अच्छी चीजें होने दीजिए। अच्छी चीजें होने दें

    Translation by Yandex. Text for Translation. Sage Narada told them that for 12 years they will have the form of a wind. For the redemption for stolen wealth is charity. So those who did have the wealth, due to the grace of God lost their sins and got blessings. See Indra, those wealthy people attained salvation.” Let good things happen. Let Good things happen.

    Yandex Translation of By the Grace of God as By the Grace of God in Tamil (இறையருளால்)

    நாரத முனிவர் அவர்களிடம் 12 ஆண்டுகள் அவர்களுக்கு காற்றின் வடிவம் இருக்கும் என்று கூறினார். திருடப்பட்ட செல்வத்திற்கான மீட்புக்கு தொண்டு. எனவே இறைவனின் அருளால் செல்வம் பெற்றவர்கள் தங்கள் பாவங்களை இழந்து ஆசீர்வாதம் பெற்றனர். இந்திரனைப் பாருங்கள், அந்த செல்வந்தர்கள் இரட்சிப்பை அடைந்தார்கள்.”நல்ல விஷயங்கள் நடக்கட்டும். நல்ல விஷயங்கள் நடக்கட்டும்.

    Google translator. Text. Sage Narada told them that for 12 years they will have the form of a wind. For the redemption for stolen wealth is charity. So those who did have the wealth, due to the grace of God lost their sins and got blessings. See Indra, those wealthy people attained salvation.” Let good things happen. Let Good things happen..

    Google translator translates by The Grace of God as By the Grace of God in Tamil.(இறையருளால்)
    நாரத முனிவர் அவர்களிடம் 12 வருடங்கள் காற்றின் வடிவம் இருக்கும் என்று கூறினார். ஏனெனில் திருடப்பட்ட செல்வத்தை மீட்பது தர்மம். அதனால் செல்வம் பெற்றவர்கள் இறைவனின் அருளால் பாவம் நீங்கி புண்ணியம் பெற்றனர். இந்திரனைப் பார், அந்தச் செல்வந்தர்கள் முக்தி அடைந்தனர். நல்லது நடக்கட்டும். நல்லது நடக்கட்டும்
    Read more: Microsoft Translates By Grace of God as’ By the Grace of Allah( In Tamil)

    , ,

    Kaaba Opens at Sivas Pradosha Time Pakistani website Audio

    There is Kaaba Stone which is believed to have been of Abrahamic times. People are not permitted to take videos or photographs of the inside of the room. The room seems to contain an Idol, the worship of which is prohibited in Islam. Now let us see what a a surreptitiously taken video and an…

    Ramanis blog's avatar by Ramanis blog

    Shiva Linga in Kaaba, Mecca Video

    Above the is the Video showing Shiva Linga in Mecca.

    This was taken surreptitiously.

    I received it.

    I have written on the presence of Sanatana Dharma in pre Arabic period in the Middle East, how Saptha pathi, the Marriage vow was present there, Lord Murugan'(Subrahmanya, Karthikeya ) Tribe, the Peacock tribe is among the Yazidi…

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  • Tamil Grammar Includes Improved Sanskrit Grammar

    Tamil Grammar Includes Improved Sanskrit Grammar

    The energy called word has the nature of an egg.
    It develops in the form of an action, andrealizes itself as a sequence of parts.- Bharthari, Sanskrit Grammarian Vākyapadīya 1.52

    I had published quite a few articles on the intricate and intimate relationship between Sanskrit and Tamil, both great ancient languages of the world.Tamil or Sanskrit , which is Older?I have given up this search as both go back to vast stretches of Time and each quotes the Other. So, it became impossible to find out which is older .Best is to enjoy both.

    Widely known and accepted Grammar work in Sanskrit is Panini’s Asthtadhyaayi.However, there were about Eleven Grammar works before Pannini. Panini acknowledges them in Astadhyayi.

    Some of these pre-Pāṇinian scholars mentioned by Pāṇini include Apisali, Kasyapa, Gargya, Galava, Cakravarmana, Bharadvaja, Sakatayana, Sakalya, Senaka ,Katantra and Sphoṭayāna.

    There was a Grammar Text in Tamil whic was to have ben composed during the Second Tamil Sangam period.It was called Aindiram. It was reported to have been composed by Indra, Chief of Devas.It is lost to us.

    -The Aindra (of Indra) school of Sanskrit grammar is one of the eleven schools of Sanskrit grammar mentioned in Pāṇini’s Ashtadhyayi. It is named after Indra in allusion to Lord Indra, the king of deities in Hindu mythology. Arthur Coke Burnell, a renowned orientologist, in his 1875 book, “On the Aindra school of Sanskrit grammars” details this school. Burnell believed that most non-Pāṇinian systems of Sanskrit grammar were traceable to this school of grammar, believed to be the oldest and reputed to be founded by Indra himself….

    Burnell’s search for the Aindra school took him to Southern India where he came across the Tamil grammatical work Tolkappiyam. A preface of this work, written during the twelfth century CE by Ilampuranar describes the work as aindiram nirainda Tolkappiyam (‘comprising Aindra’). This, Burnell posits is an allusion to the pre-Pāṇinian Aindra school of grammar.

    Further, Burnell proceeded to do an exhaustive comparison of the Tokappiyam with two non-Pāṇinian schools of grammar, namely, the Katantra school of Sanskrit grammar and the Kaccayana, a Pali school of Southern India. Based on the comparisons and allowing for divergences due to the structural differences between Tamil and Sanskrit/Pali, Burnell concluded that the Tolkappiyam corresponds to the Katantra school minutely and across the board.

    Lord Dakshinamurthy,Shiva.Founder of Tamil.

    He also demonstrated that many of the technical terms of the Tolkappiyam and of later Tamil grammars were merely simple translations of Sanskrit terms which he attributes to the Aindra school or the other pre-Pāṇinian texts.

    While his demonstration of the influence of Sanskrit on the Tolkappiyam has met with some approval, his attribution and approximation of all non Pāṇinian schools of Sanskrit grammar with the Aindra school has met with resistance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aindra_School_of_Grammar

    Katantara School of Grammar.

    Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)

    [«previous (K) next»] — Katantra in Vyakarana glossarySource: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar

    Kātantra (कातन्त्र).—Name of an important small treatise on grammar which appears like a systematic abridgment of the Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini. It ignores many unimportant rules of Pāṇini, adjusts many, and altogether omits the Vedic portion and the accent chapter of Pāṇini. It lays down the Sūtras in an order different from that of Pāṇini dividing the work into four adhyāyas dealing with technical terms, saṃdhi rules, declension, syntax compounds noun-affixes (taddhita affixes) conjugation, voice and verbal derivatives in an order. The total number of rules is 1412 supplemented by many subordinate rules or Vārttikas. The treatise is believed to have been written by Śarvavarman, called Sarvavarman or Śarva or Sarva, who is said to have lived in the reign of the Sātavāhana kings. The belief that Pāṇini refers to a work of Kalāpin in his rules IV. 3.108 and IV.3.48 and that Patañjali’s words -कालापम् (kālāpam) and माहवार्तिकम् (māhavārtikam) support it, has not much strength. The work was very popular especially among those who wanted to study spoken Sanskrit with ease and attained for several year a very prominent place among text-books on grammar especially in Bihar, Bengal and Gujarat. It has got a large number of glosses and commentary works, many of which are in a manuscript form at present. Its last chapter (Caturtha-Adhyāya) is ascribed to Vararuci. As the arrangement of topics is entirely different from Pāṇini’s order, inspite of considerable resemblance of Sūtras and their wording, it is probable that the work was based on Pāṇini but composed on the models of ancient grammarians viz. Indra, Śākaṭāyana and others whose works,although not available now, were available to the author. The grammar Kātantra is also called Kālāpa. A comparison of the Kātantra Sūtras and the Kālāpa Sūtras shows that the one is a different version of the other. The Kātantra Grammar is also called Kaumāra as it is said that the original 1nstructions for the grammar were received by the author from Kumāra or Kārttikeya. For details see Vol. VII Patañjala Mahābhāṣya published by the D.E. Society, Poona, page 375.context information

    Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

    https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/katantra

    There is a view that the Aindhiram was a Grammar work in Tamil belonging to either the first or second Tamil Sangam.

    The work is lost and Tholkaapiyam is the earliest work on Grammar in Tamil available now.

    Tholkaapiyar in his prelude to Tholkaapiyam states that he studied under A Brahmin,who was well versed in the Vedas.

    The name he gives is Athankottu Aasan.

    The term Aasan in Tamil means Teacher.

    Athankodu might mean the place he hailed from.

    So what Tholkaapiyar means is that he studied under a teacher who lived or from Athankodu.

    Might be,it is in the present Kerala,which was earlier a part of Tamil Kingdom called Chera Naadu.

    As Sage Agastya is mentioned repeatedly in Sangam literature and Tamil Legends,he is credited with The Tamil Grammar,

    Tholkaapiyam and Tholkappiyar is a disciple of Sage Agastya as mentioned in Sddha’s works in Tamil, I postulated that Agastya could have wriiten the Aindhira work on Sanskrit Grammar,which Tholkaapiyar quotes.

    He says ,

    ‘அறம் கரை நாவின் நான்மறை முற்றிய‌

    அதங்கோட்டு ஆசாற்கு அரில் தபத் தெரிந்து
    மயங்கா மரபின் எழுத்து முறை காட்டி
    மல்கு நீர் வரைப்பின் ஐந்திரம் நிறைந்த‌
    தொல்காப்பியன்     எனத் தன் பெயர் தோற்றிப்
    பல் புகழ் நிறுத்த படிமையோனே..

    ‘Me,Thokappiyan,who learnt the Aindhiram Grammar,which describes the functions and rules Word’

    ‘நிலம் தரு திருவின் பாண்டியன் அவையத்து
    அறம் கரை நாவின் நான்மறை முற்றிய‌
    அதங்கோட்டு ஆசாற்கு அரில் தபத் தெரிந்து,’

    ‘I have learnt this from the one,who is well versed in The Vedas,in the presence of a Pandyan King’

    As Agastya had written a work on Tamil Grammar Agattiyam,which is lost,there was no need to write another Grammar in Tamil.

    Agastya was well versed in Sanskrit as well.

    He had written Rig Vedic Hymns,along with his wife Lopamudra.

    So an earlier Grammar work by him could have been in Sanskrit, which is, Aindhiram.

    Tamil Grammar Tholkappiyam Refined Improved Sanskrit Grammar?

    The first Tamil Grammar Agathiyam by Agastya is lost.

    The second Grammar work Tholkappiyam is by Tholkappiyar and it is the oldest available text in Tamil.

    Tholkappiyar was a Vedic Brahmin.

    He composed Tamil Grammar.

    And he states,while describing the origin of words,in Tholkappiyam,that words(sounds)rise from seven places in the body and that he is not explaining this in Tholkappiyam and this information can be found in The Vedas.

    (This is translated by me. Tholkappiyar mentions seven places, while Wikipedia mentions as From five places. The learned may contribute))

    The tonal inflection is indicated here.

    It may be of interest to note that Swara,the Tone is important in Vedic Intonation.

    It also stands to reason to surmise that Tholkappiyar indicates the seven noted, Saptha Swara,as the basis.

    And the word for movement,which produces Sound,is Called ‘Isai’ in Tamil.

    Isai indicates Music,Sound,in agreement with.

    ‘எல்லா எழுத்தும் வெளிப்படக் கிளந்து
    சொல்லிய பள்ளி எழுதரு வளியின்
    பிறப்பொடு விடுவழி உறழ்ச்சி வாரத்து
    அகத்து எழு வளி இசை அரில் தப நாடி
    அளபின் கோடல் அந்தணர் மறைத்தே. 20 Tholkappiyam தொல்காப்பியம் 20

    https://ta.m.wikisource.org/wiki/தொல்காப்பியம்/எழுத்ததிகாரம்/பிறப்பியல்
    பள்ளிகளில் வளி எழும். சொல்லிய 5 இடங்களில் எழுத்தாகப் பிறந்து வளி விடுபடும். எழுத்தானது பிறந்து, எழுந்து, விடுபடும் அளபு அந்தணர் மறையில் உள்ளது. அகத்தே தோன்றும் அதனை இங்குச் சொல்லாமல், புறத்தே வெளிப்படும் பாங்கை மட்டும் கூறியுள்ளேன்” என்று தொலகாப்பியர் குறிப்பிடுகிறார்..

    Basis Of Tamil Sounds In Vedas Sanskrit Tholkappiyam

    Based on the above information, it transpires that Tamil Grammar includes Sanskrit Grammar and is an improvement on Sanskrit Grammar.

    n Aintiram  ,The Science related to numerical order enables one to know the principles of role of number, space order nature of inner space and significantly know the potency of micro-structure. (atoms)

    -one of the grossly underrated scientific books in Tamil ,which was totally neglected for the last 100 years..

    -it also explains about the rationale for certain practices in our day to day life ,which have clear scientific reasons behind it,that we are totally unaware of…like where should we place our head while we sleep, practical stuff like that (for all those ppl who condemned lot of tamil traditions telling that they have no scientific evidence and are nothing but superstitious beliefs, this book was especially written for you guys) …stumbled across a small passage from Aindhiram book(English translation) which I would like to share

     Mayan’s Aintiram …page 347]  

    East: Sleeping with head resting in the East enhances memory, health and spiritual inclination. It is usually advised by Vastu Shastra Consultants to plan the children’s room in such a way that their Vastu sleeping direction comes out to be east. This leads to higher concentration and retention power.  

    South: Vastu Shastra highly recommends this direction as your usual sleeping position with head towards the South. This is believed to provide sound sleep and increase the wealth and prosperity in the household.

    (  https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-mystery-that-our-ancient-literary-work-Aindhiram-ஐந்திறம்-reveals-to-us )

    Reference and citation.

    Early Sanskrit Grammar Before Panini By Agastya? Tholkaapiyar

    *”Full verse,Nool Sirappu Paayiram,Tholkaapiyam text.

    வட வேங்கடம் தென் குமரி

    ஆயிடைத்
    தமிழ் கூறும் நல் உலகத்து
    வழக்கும் செய்யுளும் ஆயிரு முதலின்
    எழுத்தும் சொல்லும் பொருளும் நாடிச்
    செந்தமிழ் இயற்கை சிவணிய நிலத்தொடு
    முந்து நூல் கண்டு முறைப்பட எண்ணிப்
    புலம் தொகுத்தோனே போக்கு அறு பனுவல்
    நிலம் தரு திருவின் பாண்டியன் அவையத்து
    அறம் கரை நாவின் நான்மறை முற்றிய‌
    அதங்கோட்டு ஆசாற்கு அரில் தபத் தெரிந்து
    மயங்கா மரபின் எழுத்து முறை காட்டி
    மல்கு நீர் வரைப்பின் ஐந்திரம் நிறைந்த‌
    தொல்காப்பியன்     எனத் தன் பெயர் தோற்றிப்
    பல் புகழ் நிறுத்த படிமையோனே..

    https://ramanisblog-in.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/ramanisblog.in/2017/04/17/tamil-grammar-tholkappiyam-refined-improved-sanskrit-grammar/amp/?_gsa=1&amp_js_v=0.1&usqp=mq331AQECAFYAQ==#referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&_tf=From%20%251%24s&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Framanan50.wordpress.com%2F2017%2F04%2F17%2Ftamil-grammar-tholkappiyam-refined-improved-sanskrit-grammar%2F

    https://ramanisblog.in/2017/04/13/early-sanskrit-grammar-before-panini-by-agastya-tholkaapiyar/

  • How Sound Is Born From Eight Organs Tholkappiyam Tamil Explains

    Tamil,an ancient language of India explains how sound,the origin of Language is born.

    This is explained in detail in the oldest Tamil Grammar text available, Tholkappiyam.

    The Tolkāppiyam consists of three books each of which is divided into 9 chapters. The books are called athikaarams. The three books are

    I. Ezhuththathigaaram – Formation of words and combination of words. II. Sollathigaaram – Syntax. III. Porulathigaaram – Conveying thoughts.

    Each of these have further classifications.

    The purpose of this article is to explain the scientific basis on which Indian culture, languages evolved.

    Tamil,as I wrote earlier,backed by evidence,dates back to between 30,000 to 100,000 years!

    Runs parallel to Sanskrit.

    To know more of this kindly Google Tamil+ramanan50, Sanskrit ramanan50, Tamil Sanskrit ramanan50.

    Sound,the basis for language is born of Eight human organs/parts.

    In Sanskrit,it is stated the basic sounds are three and they rise from three places.

    Pit of the stomach, Ma

    Throat, U and

    Mouth,A.

    These three sounds form the sacred sound OM.

    Tholkappiyam delves further and goes deep.

    It lists seven places from where sound is born.

    Air arises,

    1. Pit of the stomach,
    • Diaphragm
    • Larynx and pharynx
    • Teeth,
    • Lips,
    • Tongue,

    7.Nose, and

    8.Palate.

    ‘

    வளி என்பது உலகைச் சூழ்ந்துள்ள காற்று. நாம் பேசும்போது வளி உந்தியிலிருந்து தோன்றும்.

    உந்தியில் தோன்றும் வளி தலையிலும், மிடற்றிலும், நிலைகொள்ளும்.

    அங்கிருந்து பாய்ந்து பல், இதழ், நாக்கு, மூக்கு, அண்ணம் ஆகியவற்றில் ஒலியைத் தோற்றுவிக்கும்.
    ஆக நிலைகொண்டு பாயும் ஒலியுறுப்புகள் 8.

    ‘உந்தி முதலா முந்து வளி தோன்றி
    :தலையினும் மிடற்றினும் நெஞ்சினும் நிலைஇ
    :பல்லும் இதழும் நாவும் மூக்கும்
    :அண்ணமும் உளப்பட எண் முறை நிலையான்
    :உறுப்பு உற்று அமைய நெறிப்பட நாடி
    :எல்லா எழுத்தும் சொல்லும் காலை
    :பிறப்பின் ஆக்கம் வேறு வேறு இயல
    :திறப்படத் தெரியும் காட்சியான. 1

    :அவ் வழி,
    :பன்னீர் உயிரும் தம் நிலை திரியா
    :மிடற்றுப் பிறந்த வளியின் இசைக்கும். 2

    The raising air-stream originating at the lungs, inflated by the action of diaphragm abides and reinforced at the chest, larynx and pharynx and touches the teeth, lips, tongue, nose and palate, at different places, in distinct ways and by various manner produces sound, with the eight organs, as we know. 83/1’

    Reference and citation.

    https://ta.m.wikisource.org/wiki/தொல்காப்பியம்/எழுத்ததிகாரம்/பிறப்பியல்

  • Tamil Grammar Tholkappiyam Refined Improved Sanskrit Grammar?

    Tamil Grammar Tholkappiyam Refined Improved Sanskrit Grammar?

    I have written an article that Panini’s Grammar on Sanskrit  was preceded by Ten works on Sanskrit Grammar,one of them being ‘Aindhiram.’

    There is a view that the Aindhiram was a Grammar work in Tamil belonging to either the first or second Tamil Sangam.

    The work is lost and Tholkaapiyam is the earliest work on Grammar in Tamil available now.

    Tholkaapiyar in his prelude to Tholkaapiyam states that he studied under A Brahmin,who was well versed in the Vedas.

    The name he gives is Athankottu Aasan.

    The term Aasan in Tamil means Teacher.

    Athankodu might mean the place he hailed from.

    So what Tholkaapiyar means is that he studied under a teacher who lived or from Athankodu.

    Might be,it is in the present Kerala,which was earlier a part of Tamil Kingdom called Chera Naadu.

    As Sage Agastya is mentioned repeatedly in Sangam literature and Tamil Legends,he is credited with The Tamil Grammar,

    Tholkaapiyam and Tholkappiyar is a disciple of Sage Agastya as mentioned in Sddha’s works in Tamil, I postulated that Agastya could have wriiten the Aindhira work on Sanskrit Grammar,which Tholkaapiyar quotes.

    He says ,

    ‘அறம் கரை நாவின் நான்மறை முற்றிய‌

    அதங்கோட்டு ஆசாற்கு அரில் தபத் தெரிந்து
    மயங்கா மரபின் எழுத்து முறை காட்டி
    மல்கு நீர் வரைப்பின் ஐந்திரம் நிறைந்த‌
    தொல்காப்பியன்     எனத் தன் பெயர் தோற்றிப்
    பல் புகழ் நிறுத்த படிமையோனே..

    ‘Me,Thokappiyan,who learnt the Aindhiram Grammar,which describes the functions and rules Word’

    ‘நிலம் தரு திருவின் பாண்டியன் அவையத்து
    அறம் கரை நாவின் நான்மறை முற்றிய‌
    அதங்கோட்டு ஆசாற்கு அரில் தபத் தெரிந்து,’

    ‘I have learnt this from the one,who is well versed in The Vedas,in the presence of a Pandyan King’

    As Agastya had written a work on Tamil Grammar Agattiyam,which is lost,there was no need to write another Grammar in Tamil.

    Agastya was well versed in Sanskrit as well.

    He had written Rig Vedic Hymns,along with his wife Lopamudra.

    So an earlier Grammark work by him could have been in Sanskrit, which is,Aindhiram.

    That Aindhiram is a Sanskrit work is arrived at by scholars.

    ‘The Aindra (of Indra) school of Sanskrit grammar is one of the eleven schools of Sanskrit grammar mentioned in Pāṇini’s Ashtadhyayi. It is named after Indra in allusion to Lord Indra, the king of Gods in Hindu mythology. Arthur Coke Burnell, a renowned orientologist, in his 1875 book, “On the Aindra school of Sanskrit grammars” details this school. Burnell believed that most non-Pāṇinian systems of Sanskrit grammar were traceable to this school of grammar, believed to be the oldest and reputed to be founded by Indra himself…

    Burnell’s search for the Aindra school took him to Southern India where he came across the Tamil grammatical work Tolkappiyam. A preface of this work, written during the twelfth century CE by Ilampuranar describes the work as aindiram nirainda Tolkappiyam (‘comprising Aindra’). This, Burnell posits is an allusion to the pre-Pāṇinian Aindra school of grammar.

    Further, Burnell proceeded to do an exhaustive comparison of the Tokappiyam with two non-Pāṇinian schools of grammar, namely, the Katantra school of Sanskrit grammar and the Kaccayana, a Pali school of Southern India. Based on the comparisons and allowing for divergences due to the structural differences between Tamil and Sanskrit/Pali, Burnell concluded that the Tolkappiyam corresponds to the Katantra school minutely and across the board.

    He also demonstrated that many of the technical terms of the Tolkappiyam and of later Tamil grammars were merely simple translations of Sanskrit terms which he attributes to the Aindra school or the other pre-Pāṇinian texts.

    While his demonstration of the influence of Sanskrit on the Tolkappiyam has met with some approval, his attribution and approximation of all non Pāṇinian schools of Sanskrit grammar with the Aindra school has met with resistance.   SOme scholars have also taken a less committal line on the question of Sanskrit influence itself.[3]

    Having demonstrated the influence of the Katantra school on the grammars of Pali and Tamil and with the help of a linkage to the Aindra school that the Tolkappiyam afforded, Burnell proceeded to show the differences in the technical terms used by the Aindra school and those used by the Pāṇinians.’

     (     https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aindra_School_of_Grammar )

    Tholkaapiyar says that he  is well versed in Aindhiram.
    ‘ஆயிடைத்

    தமிழ் கூறும் நல் உலகத்து
    வழக்கும் செய்யுளும் ஆயிரு முதலின்
    எழுத்தும் சொல்லும் பொருளும் நாடிச்
    செந்தமிழ் இயற்கை சிவணிய நிலத்தொடு
    முந்து நூல் கண்டு முறைப்பட எண்ணிப்
    புலம் தொகுத்தோனே ‘

    Rough translation.

    I am embarking on writing a work in Tamil ,to streamline,செந்தமிழ் இயற்கை சிவணிய நிலத்தொடு

    முந்து நூல் கண்டு முறைப்பட எண்ணி,the language of Tamil,by compiling ,புலம் தொகுத்தோனே,that which is ancient.Now that,

    Tholkappiar learnt,Andhiram Grammar in Sanskrit and was a Scholar in Aidhiram,

    ‘ஐந்திரம் நிறைந்த‌

    தொல்காப்பியன் எனத் தன் பெயர் தோற்றிப்
    பல் புகழ் நிறுத்த படிமையோனே..’Translation. Well versed in Aindhiram,me Tholkaapiyan.


    He  was well versed in Tamil and was knowledgeable in Tamil Litertaure,

    He was a disciple of Agastya,who wrote Vedic Hymns,a scholar in Sanskrit,Agathyam ,Tamil Grammar,

    Tholkaapiyar expresses his desire to streamline Tamil,

    It is highly probable that he wrote Tholkaapiyam ,refining Aindhiram as it was becoming obsolete,disappearing.

    Tamil Grammar Thokappiyam might be a refined,improved Aindhiram of Sanskrit Grammar.

    There are other views.

    Aindhiram is a Tamil work.

    ‘R. Mathivanan; and 8th century B.C. by A.S. Gnanasambandam and V.T. Chellam.

    Panampaaranaar, in his introductory verse to Tolkappiyam, praises Tolkappiyar as Tolkappiyan well-versed in Aindram. R. Ragavaiyangar says that the study of Aindram, a grammatical work, was very popular during the time of Tolkappiyar and its study was neglected during the time of  Ilango Adigal, the author of Silappathikaram. Aindram lost its influence after the appearance of Astadhyayi, the grammar of Panini which became very popular ever since its inception and was learnt eagerly’

    (   http://risingsunweekly.blogspot.in/2012/01/age-of-tholkappiyam.html )

    ‘Aindhiram is an ancient book on the science of vasthu sathra and tamil grammer – connected with Tholkappiyam  .It had two volumes.Unfortunately the volume one which deals with the phenetics of tamil grammer associated with Tholkappiyam (this volume of book was called ‘ANIDRA’) is lost in the course of history ,all that is remaining with us is an scientific book on vasthu sathra.’

    In Aintiram  ,The Science related to numerical order enables one to know the principles of role of number, space order nature of inner space and significantly know the potency of micro-structure. (atoms)

    -one of the grossly underrated scientific books in Tamil ,which was totally neglected for the last 100 years..

    -it also explains about the rationale for certain practices in our day to day life ,which have clear scientific reasons behind it,that we are totally unaware of…like where should we place our head while we sleep, practical stuff like that (for all those ppl who condemned lot of tamil traditions telling that they have no scientific evidence and are nothing but superstitious beliefs, this book was especially written for you guys) …stumbled across a small passage from Aindhiram book(English translation) which I would like to share

     Mayan’s Aintiram …page 347]  

    East: Sleeping with head resting in the East enhances memory, health and spiritual inclination. It is usually advised by Vastu Shastra Consultants to plan the children’s room in such a way that their Vastu sleeping direction comes out to be east. This leads to higher concentration and retention power.  

    South: Vastu Shastra highly recommends this direction as your usual sleeping position with head towards the South. This is believed to provide sound sleep and increase the wealth and prosperity in the household.

    (  https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-mystery-that-our-ancient-literary-work-Aindhiram-ஐந்திறம்-reveals-to-us )

    Reference and citation.

    https://ramanisblog.in/2017/04/13/early-sanskrit-grammar-before-panini-by-agastya-tholkaapiyar/

    *”Full verse,Nool Sirappu Paayiram,Tholkaapiyam text.

    வட வேங்கடம் தென் குமரி

    ஆயிடைத்
    தமிழ் கூறும் நல் உலகத்து
    வழக்கும் செய்யுளும் ஆயிரு முதலின்
    எழுத்தும் சொல்லும் பொருளும் நாடிச்
    செந்தமிழ் இயற்கை சிவணிய நிலத்தொடு
    முந்து நூல் கண்டு முறைப்பட எண்ணிப்
    புலம் தொகுத்தோனே போக்கு அறு பனுவல்
    நிலம் தரு திருவின் பாண்டியன் அவையத்து
    அறம் கரை நாவின் நான்மறை முற்றிய‌
    அதங்கோட்டு ஆசாற்கு அரில் தபத் தெரிந்து
    மயங்கா மரபின் எழுத்து முறை காட்டி
    மல்கு நீர் வரைப்பின் ஐந்திரம் நிறைந்த‌
    தொல்காப்பியன்     எனத் தன் பெயர் தோற்றிப்
    பல் புகழ் நிறுத்த படிமையோனே..


    Edit

  • Early Sanskrit Grammar Before Panini By Agastya? Tholkaapiyar

    Early Sanskrit Grammar Before Panini By Agastya? Tholkaapiyar

    The relationship between Sanskrit and Tamil is interesting.

    Both of them are quiet ancient and each quote the other,leaving one stranded in his efforts to find which preceded the other.

    While there are similarities between Sanskrit and Tamil,there are also striking differences between the two in their Grammar and Spoken Form

    Shall write in detail on this.

    Now I have come across reference in the first Grammar Book of Tamil,dated around 3000 BC,about Tamil Grammar and Sanskrit Grammar. ( I date Tamil much earlier)

    As mentioned earlier,there are vital differences between Tamil and Sanskrit Grammar.

    The Sanskrit Grammar was codified by Panini, around 400 BCE.

    It is called Ashtadyayi.

    However the earlier Grammar was a part of Vedangas(limbs of the Vedas).

    That was called Vyakarana.

    ‘Panini and Yaska, two celebrated ancient scholars of Vyakarana, are both dated to several centuries prior to the start of the common era, likely the 5th-century BCE.However, both of them cite prior scholars and texts, which though lost to history, imply that the field of Vyakarana was an established and developed science of language before them'( wiki- vyakarana)

    Panini did not found Sanskrit Grammar,he codified it.

    There are references that there were Ten Grammar works before Panini.

    Panini refers these Grammarians.

    ‘Apisali, 

    Kasyapa, 

    Gargya, 

    Galava, 

    Cakravarmana,

     Bharadvaja, 

    Sakatayana, 

    Sakalya, 

    Senaka and 

    Sphotayana.’ (  https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyākaraṇa )

    Tholkappiyam,the Tamil Grammar was written by Tholkappiyar.

    He says in Tholkaapiyam ,while describing himself as the author of Tholkappiyam,that he leant Vedas from his Guru,Preceptor,who was a learned Brahmin.

    He adds that there was a Grammar Work called ‘Aindhiram’.

    And as Tholkappiyar’s Guru was a Scholar of Vedas,which is in Sanskrit, is it that Aindhiram is a Sanskrit Work?

    Agastya could not have written Aindhiram in Tamil as the First Tamil Grammar Agathiyam was by Agastya,which has been lost?

    Why write two books on the same subject?

    Or ,as Agastya is a schloar in both Tamil and Sanskrit,Aindhiram could be in Tamil?

    I am unable to answer,as Tholkappiyar is not specific about the Language of Aindhiram.

    It can be taken as a Tamil work, as Tholkaapiyar says that he is embarking on Tamil Grammar Work?

    On the other hand,the term Aindhiram/n is the Thathidaanda form of Sanskrit Grammar.

    Janaka’s daughter is Janaki,

    Dasaratha,s son is Dasarathy(Rama)

    In the same vein Aindhiram is after Indra,? Indra,Aindhira?

    This ,of course,is lost.

    Tholkappiyar says that he had studied the ‘Aindhiram’ in detail.

    As Tholkappiyar has learnt this from his Guru,A Brahmin,who was well versed in the Vedas.

    ‘அறம் கரை நாவின் நான்மறை முற்றிய‌

    அதங்கோட்டு ஆசாற்கு அரில் தபத் தெரிந்து
    மயங்கா மரபின் எழுத்து முறை காட்டி
    மல்கு நீர் வரைப்பின் ஐந்திரம் நிறைந்த‌
    தொல்காப்பியன்     எனத் தன் பெயர் தோற்றிப்
    பல் புகழ் நிறுத்த படிமையோனே..

    ‘Me,Thokappiyan,who learnt the Aindhiram Grammar,which describes the functions and rules Word’

    ‘நிலம் தரு திருவின் பாண்டியன் அவையத்து
    அறம் கரை நாவின் நான்மறை முற்றிய‌
    அதங்கோட்டு ஆசாற்கு அரில் தபத் தெரிந்து,’

    ‘I have learnt this from the one,who is well versed in The Vedas,in the presence of a Pandyan King’

    Who this Guru could be?

    Who else ,but Agastya,the Sage who straddles Sanskrit and Tamil.

    Apart from other works,Agastya,

    ‘He and his wife Lopamudra are the celebrated authors of hymns 1.165 to 1.191 in the Sanskrit text Rigveda and other Vedic literature.‘

    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agastya

    He is credited with founding Tamil language with Lord Shiva,during First Tamil Sangam.

    Agastya was a Siddha and produced innumerable treatises on Yoga,Science,Metaphysics in Tamil

    His primary disciples were,

    Bhogar,

    Therayar, and

    Tholkappiyar.

    ‘Rishi Agastya is considered as the first and foremost Siddha (knowledge and accomplishments),

    and therefore the guru of many Siddhars. Another name for Rsi Agastya is Kurumuni (short muni). Rishi Agastya made pioneering contributions to the field of Ayurveda (alternative medicine) and Jyotish (Vedic Astrology particularly Nadi Astrology). Rishi Agastya lived for over 5000 years, and one of his medicinal preparations, Boopathi Kuligai, was so powerful that it could even bring the dead back to life. Two of his disciples were Therayar and Tholkappiar carried this knowledge forward for him.’


    (http://blessingsonthenet.com/indianculture/sections/37/maharishi-agastya)

    It is probable that the earlier Grammar,Aindhiram, was written by Agastya and Tholkappiyar learnt it from Agastya.

    And this work could be a Grammar in Sanskrit.

    There is a poem,which ascribes Aindhiram to Lord Shiva.

    This can be seen in the featured image of this article.

    Mamuni Maayon can also refer Lord Shiva.

    Shiva is reported to have founded Tamil Language with Agastya.

    The Tholkapiyam Poem .

    ‘வட வேங்கடம் தென் குமரி

    ஆயிடைத்
    தமிழ் கூறும் நல் உலகத்து
    வழக்கும் செய்யுளும் ஆயிரு முதலின்
    எழுத்தும் சொல்லும் பொருளும் நாடிச்
    செந்தமிழ் இயற்கை சிவணிய நிலத்தொடு
    முந்து நூல் கண்டு முறைப்பட எண்ணிப்
    புலம் தொகுத்தோனே போக்கு அறு பனுவல்
    நிலம் தரு திருவின் பாண்டியன் அவையத்து
    அறம் கரை நாவின் நான்மறை முற்றிய‌
    அதங்கோட்டு ஆசாற்கு அரில் தபத் தெரிந்து
    மயங்கா மரபின் எழுத்து முறை காட்டி
    மல்கு நீர் வரைப்பின் ஐந்திரம் நிறைந்த‌
    தொல்காப்பியன்     எனத் தன் பெயர் தோற்றிப்
    பல் புகழ் நிறுத்த படிமையோனே..

    *There is another view.

    ‘Aindhiram is an ancient book on the science of vasthu sathra and tamil grammer – connected with Tholkappiyam  .It had two volumes.Unfortunately the volume one which deals with the phenetics of tamil grammer associated with Tholkappiyam (this volume of book was called ‘ANIDRA’) is lost in the course of history ,all that is remaining with us is an scientific book on vasthu sathra.

    Who is Mamumi Mayan?
    Mamuni mayan was a famous sidhar ,multi talented geek ,architect , ancient scientist  and the author of Aindhiram..he appears in Ramayana and Mahabharatha also..he is the son of Diti and Kashyapa (a sabdhamaharishi)..Mayan was very close with pandiya king and helped him build the Pandiya mahasabha (which was supposed to be so grand with lot of cool interiors ,it was one of the testimony of Pandiyas excellence in architecture-and the brain behind that brilliance was Mamuni Mayan…if I am right this mahasabha was destroyed by some invader ) 
    P. S. Mayan was the father in law of Ravana, father of Mandodari…’

    Mamuni Maayon can also refer Lord Shiva.

    Shiva is reported to have founded Tamil Language with Agastya.

    ( https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-mystery-that-our-ancient-literary-work-Aindhiram-ஐந்திறம்-reveals-to-us )