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Tag: Mathematics in Rudram Chamakam

  • History Of Mathematics Preface Bakshali Manuscript

    History Of Mathematics Preface Bakshali Manuscript

    I have been searching for some information relating to mathematics and I came across Bakshali manuscript . It is in Sanskrit and dated at AD 224–383/ 885–993 (proposed carbon-dates, recently disputed on methodological grounds: Plofker et al.) It’s script is Sharada and is said to have been in vogue in what is now Kashmir.I was curious because one finds advanced mathematics and scientific concepts in ancient Sanskrit literature, including the Eighteen Puran and Ithihasas, not to speak of Vedas. One finds advanced mathematics concepts in Chamaka of Sri Rudra. Maths DNA Mitochondrial Base Pairs In Chamakam Rudram Obviously, an attempt to bypass Indian history is at work.I pursued my search. I found references first to Greeks,Romans then to Sumeria and Mesapotamia.

    The earliest mathematical texts available are from Mesopotamia and Egypt – Plimpton 322 (Babylonian c. 2000 – 1900 BC), the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus (Egyptian c. 1800 BC) and the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus (Egyptian c. 1890 BC). All of these texts mention the so-called Pythagorean triples, so, by inference, the Pythagorean theorem seems to be the most ancient and widespread mathematical development after basic arithmetic and geometry.

    Babylonian.

    The Babylonian mathematical tablet Plimpton 322, dated to 1800 BC.. image.
    The Babylonian mathematical tablet Plimpton 322, dated to 1800 BC.

    Babylonian mathematics refers to any mathematics of the peoples of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) from the days of the early Sumerians through the Hellenistic period almost to the dawn of Christianity. The majority of Babylonian mathematical work comes from two widely separated periods: The first few hundred years of the second millennium BC (Old Babylonian period), and the last few centuries of the first millennium BC (Seleucid period). It is named Babylonian mathematics due to the central role of Babylon as a place of study. Later under the Arab Empire, Mesopotamia, especially Baghdad, once again became an important center of study for Islamic mathematics.

    Egypt

    The most extensive Egyptian mathematical text is the Rhind papyrus (sometimes also called the Ahmes Papyrus after its author), dated to c. 1650 BC but likely a copy of an older document from the Middle Kingdom of about 2000–1800 BC.

    Source. History of Mathematics

    Bakshali Manuscript

    The manuscript is a compendium of rules and illustrative examples. Each example is stated as a problem, the solution is described, and it is verified that the problem has been solved. The sample problems are in verse and the commentary is in prose associated with calculations. The problems involve arithmetic, algebra and geometry, including mensuration. The topics covered include fractions, square roots, arithmetic and geometric progressions, solutions of simple equations, simultaneous linear equations, quadratic equations and indeterminate equations of the second degree……The manuscript is written in an earlier form of Śāradā script, a script which is known for having been in use mainly from the 8th to the 12th century in the northwestern part of South Asia, such as Kashmir and neighbouring regions. The language of the manuscript,[a] though intended to be Sanskrit, was significantly influenced in its phonetics and morphology by a local dialect or dialects, and some of the resultant linguistic peculiarities of the text are shared with Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. The overlying dialects, though sharing affinities with Apabhraṃśa and with Old Kashmiri, have not been identified precisely. It is probable that most of the rules and examples had been originally composed in Sanskrit,

    Wikipedia on Bakshali Manuscript

    Clever at obfuscation and misleading. At one stroke mathematics of India is relegated to Third century to 9 Century AD The people who have started this canard with high sounding research names and authors do not seem to be aware of what a common man knows in India knows. That is the Structure of Temples in India. You find Temples of India, especially in South India,being not only a place of worship but architectural marvels. Not only that; we have temples where the Sun’s rays fall at a spot on a fixed time, date; temple where one finds inverted image as in a pinhole camera; intricately carved sculptures which could not have been possible without technology. Without going into all these, simple fact is that one of the best example of Chozha architecture is Thanjavur Big Temple, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India.And this was built by Rajaraja Chozha during 1064 – 1084. The construction of the temple,where Eighty Ton monolith stone is kept atop the temple; the fact that the temple tower’s shadow falls only within its base; it’s intricate carvings would not have been possible without highly advanced mathematics.

    So, I delved deep into Sanskrit and Texts. I find references to Vedic mathematics by Kathyayana and Bodhayana; then to Aryabhatta and Varahamihira. Then in Chamaka of Sri Rudram.

    I thought it fit to check on the Tamil texts first before getting into Sanskrit because I had already written some articles on Mathematics in Sanskrit ,like the one on Fibanocchi Numbers,Value Of Pi To 31 Decimal Places In Krishna Stuthi.

    Binomial Triangle Computer Binary System By Pingala

    I shall explore further about mathematics in Tamil texts.

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  • Maths DNA Mitochondrial Base Pairs In Chamakam Rudram

    Maths DNA Mitochondrial Base Pairs In Chamakam Rudram

    Sri Rudram is a powerful Mantra, where Lord Shiva is worshiped in his aspect as Rudra.

    This is probably the only one Hymn of the Vedas where Shiva is directly mentioned , though in secret, while Hymns on Agni, Varuna,Narayana, Vishnu .. are many.

    I have written on this in a separate Post.

    The Portion Rudram praises  Rudra and in Chamakam the devotee asks Rudra for everything a Human being could wish for.

    There are many ways of chanting the Rudra, depending on intonation(Gana) and the results vary for each.

    And there are different types of conduction of Sri Rudram, in terms of how many people, and how much each one chants at the same time.

    This also determines the result of the Rudra Upasna.

    ‘

    Worshippers of Lord Siva recite Rudram with 11 sections followed by Chamakam with 11 sections as a routine prayer every day. This is called the daily nyasam or mode of worship. In the Rudram part, the devotee pays repeated obeisance to Lord Siva and prays for his blessings for human well being. But on special occasions, the number of times the recitation is done is increased.

    In Rudra Ekadasi, Rudram is recited 11 times and Chamakam is recited once. After Rudram is recited once, one section or anuvaka ofChamakam is recited in order.

    In Laghurudram, Rudra Ekadasi is done 11 times, that is, Rudram is recited 112  or 121 times and Chamakam is recited 11 times.

         In Maharudram, 11 Laghurudrams are recited; that is, Rudram is recited 113 = 1331 times and Chamakam 112 = 121 times.

    In Atirudram, 11 Maharudrams are recited; that is, Rudram is recited 114 = 14641 times and Chamakam is recited 113 = 1331 times.

    The Chamakam mentions completely the ideal of human happiness and defines in the highest degree the desires to be fulfilled without delimiting those to be asked for or to be granted..

    DNA and Mathematics in Sri Rudram.

    ‘

    In the Chamakam, in anuvakas or sections 1 to10, the devotee prays for almost everything needed for human happiness and specifies each item.  But in the 11th anuvaka or 11th section of Chamakam, the devotee prays for the desired things not specifically but in terms of numbers, first in terms of odd numbers from 1 to 33 and later in multiples of 4 from 4 to 48, as follows:

    “Eka cha me, thisrascha may, pancha cha may, sapta cha may, Ekadasa cha may, trayodasa cha may, panchadasa cha may, saptadasa cha may, Navadasa cha may, ek trimshatis cha may, trayovimshatis cha may, Panchavimshatis cha may, saptavimshatis cha may, navavimshatis cha may, Ekatrimshatis cha may, trayatrimshatis cha may, panchatrimshatis cha may, Chatasras cha may, ashtou cha may, dwadasa cha may, shodasa cha may, Vimsatis cha may, chaturvimshatis cha may, ashtavimshatis cha may, Dwathrimashatis cha may, shatstrimshas cha may, chatvarimshas cha may, Chatuschatvarimshas cha may, ashtachatvarimshas cha may”
    which means:

    “Let these be granted to me. One, three, five, seven, nine, eleven, thirteen, seventeen, nineteen, twenty one, twenty three, twenty five, twenty seven, twenty nine, thirty one and thirty three as also four, eight, twelve, sixteen, twenty, twenty four, twenty eight, thirty two, thirty six, forty, forty four and forty eight”.

    Traditional scholars and pandits explain the significance of these numbers as follows:

    ODD NUMBERS:

    1 = Nature or Prakriti

    3 = The three gunas, namely sattwa, rajas and tamas

    5 = The five mahabhutas, or the five basic elements, that is, prithvi, ap, tejas, vayu and akasha, (earth, water, energy or agni or fire, wind and space).

    7 = The five sensory organs and the mind and intellect

    9 = The nine openings in the human body, called the navadwaras.

    11 = The ten pranas and the Sushumna nadi

    13 = Thirteen Devas

    15 = The nadis or nerve centres in the human body

    17 = The limbs of the human body

    19 = Medicinal herbs

    21 = Important vulnerable parts of the body

    23 = Devas controlling serious diseases

    25 = Apsaras in heaven

    27 = Gandharvas

    29 = Vidyut Devas

    31 = Worlds

    33 = Devas

    MULTIPLES OF FOUR:

    4 = The four ideals of human life, namely dharma, artha, kama and moksha,

    (righteous way of life, wealth, desire, and salvation)

    8 = The four Vedas and the four upavedas

    12 = Six vedangas and six shastras.

    16 = Knowledge to be obtained from God

    20 = The Mahabhutas

    24 = The number of letters in the Gayatri metre

    28 = The number of letters in the Ushnik metre

    32 = The number of letters in the Anushtup metre

    36 = The number of letters in the Brihati metre

    40 = The number of letters in the Pankti metre

    44 = The number of letters in the Trushtup metre

    48 = The number of letters in the Jagati metre

       According to Dr Sasidharan, these numbers represent a polymer chain of molecules that form apa or water that enables evolution of life and intelligence, and apa is nothing but the nitrogenous base pairs of the DNA.   The numbers 1 to 33 represent the 33000 base pairs of mitochondrial base pairs of DNA.  The numbers 4 to 48 represent the 48 million nuclear bases of DNA.  The two sets of DNA bases combine to provide sustenance of human wellbeing and onward evolution of human life.  When the devotee prays for the blessing of these numbers, actually he is praying for bestowing on him all these DNA bases which conduce to sustenance of human wellbeing and happiness.

    Citations.

    Sri.S.Balasubramanian.

    https://sites.google.com/site/mathematicsmiscellany/mathematics-in-chamakam

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