The Puranas , Ramayana ,Mahabharata and other ancient literature of india describe land mass of those ancient Vedic times.

The number varies, 5/7/9 in some Puranas.

Earth as described in the Hindu Purana.

Essentially there were five and the others being the part of this and had been given the name based on geography ,produce and the nature of the people inhabiting the world.

1.Jambu Dweepa, surrounded by Salt Sea.(lavana)

2.Palaksha Dwipa, Surrounded by Sugar Cane Juice.(Ikshu)

3.Salmali Dwipa, surrounded by a Sea of Wine(Sura)

4.Kusa Dwipa, surrounded by a sea of Clarified Butter,Ghee(Sarpi)

5Krauncha Dwipa , surrounded by a sea of Curds(Durghda)

6.Pushkara is surrounded by a Sea of Fresh Water.

Yo may read more here 

‘ North Pole was at the exact center of Ilavrita Varsha. To the west of Ilavrita varsha was said to be Ketumula Varsha most of which is today under Atlantic Ocean. To the east of Ilvarita Varsha was Bhadrasva Varsha which is today under Pacific Ocean. On one side of the Ilavrita Varsha were Hari Varsha, Kimpurusha Varsha and Bharatha Varsha. On the other side of the Ilavrita Varsha were Ramyaka, Hiranyaka and Kuru Varsha. Kuru Varsha was hence on the opposite side of Bharatha Varsha on the globe.
It can be observed that in those times, most of South American continent, southern half of African Continent and entire Australia were submerged under water.[No, it is naiive to assume the areas designated were entirely above or below sea level. The Ancients referred to the lands below the equator as the “Underworld” and North of the Equator as “The Upper World”-DD] On the other hand most of modern day Atlantic ocean and Pacific ocean, and the entire Arctic ocean were above sea level. [The map in circular plan is one of the same series as the Ancient Sea Kings maps referenced to Babylon, I feel certain. The maps of this series are mostly postglacial and include a strait between Alaska and Siberia, and they do include a very extensive and exacting survey of China as noted by Charles Hapgood..-DD]’

I have observed that there seems to have been two distinct areas where Sanatana Dharma was in place.

One part seems to have been from the Arctic to Pacific  Ocean.

Another extending from India towards the west of India, extending through the other areas, though real demarcation is not correct.

It is akin to compartmentalising Mind as conscious , sub conscious and conscious

They form an integral part.

We compartmentalize for our convenience to understand them better.

A part of Sanatana dharma was in place from the Arctic to the Pacific ocean running through Russia, Central India to Pacific.

This consisted of South India, south asian Countries and extended to Pacific.

Another part extended from the South of India towards the west of India running through Midddle east, Europe,Africa , Americas and culminating at the Arctic.

There are some interesting differences between the two areas and I shall write on this later in detail

I have taken references from Russian Legends, folklore ,history and the history of South India, as described in ancient Tamil literature and references in the Puranas ,Ramayana and Mahabharata.

‘In the Ancient Times India was called Bharathavarsha and it extended in the west including modern Egypt, Afghanistan, Baluchistan, Iran, Sumeria upto Caspian Sea (which was called Kashyapa Samudra in those days). Bhratahvarsha was the Greater India while Bharatha Khanda referred to the Indian Subcontinent which lies at the heart of the Vedic Civilization and extended from Himalayas in the north to KanyaKumari in the South. So the aryan invasion theory of a migration of Aryans from Central Asia to modern northern India is a baseless theory, for the entire ancient aryan civilizational geography spanned across the above mentioned regions. The very term “arya” in Sanskrit refers not to any race, but actually means a “noble person”.
The Puranas and Ithihasas are full of historical developments in the Bharatha Varsha. The now dried up Saraswati river mentioned numerous times in the vedas is the heart of this vedic civilization, and it is from here the vedic civilization spread across the Bharatha Varsha during the vedic period. The “Out of India” theory talks about this. The Saraswati river dried up at the end of the Mahabharatha Period due to geological events in the region. It was around this time that the earlier lush green area of the present Rajasthan had got converted into a desert as we see it today.
During the ancient times Arabian sea did not exist, and the land mass stretched continuously from modern India to Africa. The mighty Saraswati river born in the Himalayas flowed for over 4500 miles into Africa before entering the Oceans. This was the largest and longest river in those days. This is the most mentioned and praised river in the Veda’

Citations.

http://frontiers-of-anthropology.blogspot.in/search/label/Arctic%20Origin%20of%20the%20Vedas

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