Ramanisblog

Tag: Ophthalmology

  • Ophthalmology Eye Surgery In Vedas Nimi Tantra

    Ophthalmology was called Nimi Tantra in Ancient India.

     

    A research paper presented states that nearly all the diseases known to us were known these ancient people and the cures.

     

    Complicated Eye Surgery, Cataract removal were performed.

     

    The Founder is Nimi,from whose name is derived the word for Minute,Nimisham”

     

    Ophthalmology.jpg
    Ophthalmology.

     

     

     

    Ophthalmology was a recognised branch of
    Salakya tantra and we owe our fullest
    treatment of it to the Uttara tantra of
    Susruta. Its history goes back to a period of
    very remote antiquity. The author of the
    Uttara tantra, in his introduction, specially
    observes: “This part comprises within it the
    specific descriptions of a large and varied
    list of diseases viz., those which form the
    subject matter of the Salakya tantra diseases
    of the eye, ear, nose and throat – as narrated
    by the kind of Videha”. The Salakya tantra
    here referred to must be that traditionally
    credited to Nimi, the King of Videha, the
    reputed founder of the Science of
    Ophthalmology in India….

    Unfortuntely, though the contents of these
    tantras were, in a compressed and selective
    form, compiled in Susruta’s Compendium,
    the original of the work is not now available.
    The names of other famous works by Nimi

    are said to be Vaidya Sandehabhanjini and
    Janaka tantra. About this period six other
    Salakaya tantras written by the disciples of
    Nimi Salyaka, Saunka, Karalabhatta, Caksu
    Sena, Videha and Krsnatreya appear to have
    been current and regarded with great esteem.

    Though the identity of Nimi is still a
    question of keen debate, we have reliable
    records to assume that he was the great
    grand-father of Sita, the daughter of Kind
    Janaka. He is believed to have beenthe
    twelfth King in descent from the Iksvaku
    line of kings who then ruled the kingdom of
    Ayodhya.

    The eye-ball is described as two fingers’
    broad, a thumb’s width deep and two and a
    half fingers in circumference. The eye, we
    are told, is almost round in shape and is
    made up of five mandalas, or circles, six
    sandhis or joints, and six patalas or
    coverings. The mandals are (1) Paksma
    (circles of the eyelashes) (2) Vartma (circles
    of the eyelids) (3) Sveta (the white circle)
    (4) krishna (region of the cornea) (5) drishti
    (circles of the pupil). The sandhis are (1)
    pakshmavartma (between the eye – lashes
    and eyelids) (2) vartma sveta (the fornise)
    (3) sveta krishna (the limbus) (4) krishna
    drishti (the margin of the pupil) (5) kaninika
    (the inner canthus) (6) apanga (the outer
    canthus)

    Of the six patalas two are in the eyelid
    region and four are in the eye proper. There
    are two marmas near the eye, apanga at the
    outer end of the eyebrow and avarta above
    the middle of the eyebrow. If these are cut,
    loss of sight results.

    Most of the common diseases of the eye
    were known to Nimi. He gives a count of
    76 eye diseases of which ten are due to vata
    dosha, ten to pitta dosha, thirteen to kapha
    dosa and sixteen to vitiated blood, twenty
    five are caused by the united action of the
    three doshas (sannipatha) and two are due
    to external causes (visible or invisible
    injury) Cloudiness of vision, lachrymation,
    slight inflammation, accummulation or
    secretion, heaviness and burining sensation,
    racking or aching pain, redness of eye are
    indistincly evident as premonitory
    symptoms…

    Of the seventy six kinds of diseases eleven
    should be treated with incision operations
    (chedya); nine with scarification (lekhya);
    five with excision (bhedya); fifteen with
    venesction (siravedhya); twelve should not
    be operated upon, and nine admit only of
    palliative measures (yapya) while fifteen
    shoud be given up as incurable.
    Opthalmoplegia, nyctalopia, hemeralopia,
    glaucoma, keratitis and corneal ulcers,
    subconjunctival echymosis, scleral nodules,
    blepharitis, xerothalmia membraneous
    conjunctivitis and sclerosis are diseases in
    which operation is not indicated..

    Citation.

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3331568/pdf/ASL-3-183.pdf

    Enhanced by Zemanta

  • Cracks 250 Year Code, Secret Society Manual!

    The Oculist Seal_jpg.
    The Oculist Seal.

    A Rare, 250 year old Manuscript,A present by A colleague, Visit to a Computer Specialist Lecture on Translation Algorithm,Search for the Language..

    —– and Finally the Unveiling of a Secret Society.

    Sounds like the blurb on a Best Seller?

    No.

    This  actually happened.

    Decoding a Manuscript_jpg.
    Oculist Manual, in Code.

    Wolfgang Hock, a colleague, presented  Christiane Schaefer,a Philologist was presented  a rare manuscript in 1998 in Berlin.

    After reaching Uppsala  University, Stockholm, Christiane tried to find what it was all about but just couldn’t understand anything.

    -January 2011, Schaefer attended an Uppsala conference on computational linguistics. Ordinarily talks like this gave her a headache. She preferred musty books to new technologies and didn’t even have an Internet connection at home. But this lecture was different. The featured speaker was Kevin Knight, a University of Southern California specialist in machine translation—the use of algorithms to automatically translate one language into another. With his stylish rectangular glasses, mop of prematurely white hair, and wiry surfer’s build, he didn’t look like a typical quant. Knight spoke in a near whisper yet with intensity and passion. His projects were endearingly quirky too. He built an algorithm that would translate Dante’s Inferno based on the user’s choice of meter and rhyme scheme. Soon he hoped to cook up software that could understand the meaning of poems and even generate verses of its own.

    When Knight asked whether any one had some thing that needed code breaking, Chrisitiane  remembered the manuscript and she gave it to him.

    Through  a painstaking process the Language was identified, German.

    Then came the shocking discovery, The Manuscript was detailing the Initiation Ceremony of of ‘Oculist’ sect,’Active in the mid-18th century, the Oculists fixated on both the anatomy and symbolism of the eye. They focused on sight as a metaphor for knowledge. And they performed surgery on the eye. “We exceed all other [healers] by being able to pierce all cataracts, whether they’re fully developed or not,” the group boasted in its public—and uncoded—bylaws…..

    Centered in the town of Wolfenbüttel, Germany, the Oculists, it was believed, played the role of gatekeepers to the burgeoning field of ophthalmology. They kept out the “charlatans” who could cause someone to “lose their eyesight forever.”

    On their crest, the Oculists featured a cataract needle and three cats (which, of course, can see in near darkness). In their bylaws, the Oculists’ emphasis on the master’s “light hand” seemed to be a reference to members’ surgical skill. And they appeared to have a rather progressive attitude; women could be Oculists, just like men…

    Starting on page 27 and continuing for the remaining 78 pages, the cipher detailed the rituals performed by the highest degrees of the Masonic order—rites unknown to ordinary Masons at the time. Nothing was omitted from the Copiale’s descriptions of these top-level rituals. Not the skulls. Not the coffins. Not removal of undergarments nor the nooses nor the veneration of Hiram Abiff, builder of the Great Temple of Jerusalem, whose decomposed body became the alchemical emblem for turning something rotten into something miraculous and golden.

    Decades later, most of these practices became widely known as the Freemasons’ secrets seeped out. But in the 1740s they were still well concealed—except to the Oculists. The Oculists were a secret society that had burrowed deep into another secret society. Önnerfors noted that the cats on the Oculists’ insignia were watching over mice. It could be another Oculist joke — or a sign that they were spies.’

    http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/11/ff-the-manuscript/all/

    Interesting isn’t it?

    Enhanced by Zemanta