Tag: Indus River

  • Harappa Rakhigarhi Older By 3000 Years Pre Egypt Babylon.

    Thiruvannamalai is about a Billion years old,Tirupati 2100 Million Years, An archeological site near Chennai containing Advanced Tamil Civilization, Agastya crossed Vindhyas around 5000 BC,

    Tamil language is estimated to be 74, 0000 years old(It should be dated earlier on the available evidence) and they quote the Vedas, they in turn Tamil!

    Yet we would date  the  Rig Veda around 5000 BC!

    Now there is a find in Rakhigarhi, Haryana which is dated around 6000 BC.

    Well, some people might be happy to date Indian History by 1600 AD when the British came to India!

    Rakhigarhi, Haryana, Harappan site,India.jpg Rakhigarhi, Haryana, Harappan site,India.

    Latest research has put the date of the origin of the Indus Valley Civilisation at 6,000 years before Christ, which contests the current theory that the settlements around the Indus began around 3750 BC.

    Ever since the excavations at Harappa and Mohenjo-daro in the early 1920s, the civilisation was considered almost as old as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia.

    The finding was announced at the “International Conference on Harappan Archaeology”, recently organised by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in Chandigarh.

    Based on their research, BR Mani, ASI joint director general, and KN Dikshit, former ASI joint director general, said in a presentation: “The preliminary results of the data from early sites of the Indo-Pak subcontinent suggest that the Indian civilisation emerged in the 8th millennium BC in the Ghaggar-Hakra and Baluchistan area.”

    “On the basis of radio-metric dates from Bhirrana (Haryana), the cultural remains of the pre-early Harappan horizon go back to 7380 BC to 6201 BC.”
    Excavations had been carried out at two sites in Pakistan and Bhirrana, Kunal, Rakhigarhi and Baror in India.

    ..

    The Harappan or Indus Valley Civilisation is one of the three oldest urban civilisations, along with Egypt and Mesopotamia, but it is the least understood. Its script is yet to be deciphered, and the knowledge of social structures and life during that period is scant. Rakhigarhi promises to change this as new discoveries continue to be made. It is one of the few Harappan sites which has an unbroken history of settlement—Early Harappan farming communities from 6000 to 4500 BC, followed by the Early Mature Harappan urbanisation phase from 4500 to 3000 BC, and then the highly urbanised Mature Harappan era from 3000 BC to the mysterious collapse of the civilisation around 1800 BC. That’s more than 4,000 years of ancient human history packed into its rich soil.

    Until now, experts believed that Mohenjo-daro in Pakistan was the largest among the 2,000 Harappan sites known to exist in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The archaeological remains at Mohenjo-daro extend around 300 hectares. However, with the discovery of two more mounds, adding to the seven mounds already discovered, the total area of the archaeological site of Rakhigarhi now measures 350 hectares. The two newly-discovered mounds spread over 25 hectares each and are situated to the east and west of the main site. Unfortunately, much of the mounds have been destroyed for cultivation.

    ..

    The Indus Valley Tradition is divided into four eras, and each era can be divided into various phases. A phase is an archaeological unit possessing traits sufficiently characteristic to distinguish it from all other units similarly conceived Each phase can be subdivided into interaction systems.

    Date range (BCE) Phase Era
    7570-6200 Bhirrana (aceramic Neolithic) Early Food Producing Era
    7000-5500 Mehrgarh I (aceramic Neolithic)
    5500-3300 Mehrgarh II-VI (ceramic Neolithic) Regionalisation Era
    5500-2600
    3300-2600 Early Harappan
    3300-2800 Harappan 1 (Ravi Phase)
    2800-2600 Harappan 2 (Kot Diji Phase, Nausharo I, Mehrgarh VII, Rakhigarhi)
    2600-1900 Mature Harappan (Indus Valley Civilization) Integration Era
    2600-2450 Harappan 3A (Nausharo II)
    2450-2200 Harappan 3B
    2200-1900 Harappan 3C
    1900-1300 Late Harappan (Cemetery H); Ochre Coloured Pottery Localisation Era
    1900-1700 Harappan 4
    1700-1300 Harappan 5
    1300-300 Painted Gray Ware, Northern Black Polished Ware (Iron Age) Indo-Gangetic Tradition

    Citations.

    http://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/rakhigarhi-now-biggest-harappan-site-after-two-new-mounds-discovered-001500#ixzz3i1AzFYnE

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodization_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilization

    http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/indus-valley-2-000-years-older-than-thought/article1-954601.aspx

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  • Lost Ancient Cities Of India

    Sanatana Dharma, as has been proved was ancient.

    Madurai Meenakshiamman Temple.Image.jpg Madurai Meenakshiamman Temple. Image Credit. http://ayshamohamed93.blogspot.in/2014/11/my-madurai.html

    It was quite advanced in Arts, Literature,Science and Philosophy.

    The temple architecture bears testimony to the development of Science, especially Astronomy .

    Gangaikonda Cholapuram,.Image.jpg Gangaikonda Cholapuram,. Image credit.http://www.incredibleindiaphotogallery.com/2012/07/glimpse-to-the-glorious-past-gangaikonda-cholapuram/dsc_5102/

    The construction of these temples, with stones in an area where no stones or Mountains were available is a testimony to the fact that the ancient knew quarrying and more importantly transporting heavy materials like a single stone of nearly 180 tons to the roof of the temple which is 216 feet in the year 1000 AD.

    It is the Thanjavur Brhadeeswara Temple in Tamil Nadu.

    There are temples where the rays of the Sun touch the idol at the sanctum on a particular day of the year.

    1000 pillars Halls, Stone pillars producing the Seven Notes of the Carnatic Music, cave temples ..the list is endless.

    The cities were laid out in a systematic pattern in south India.

    In the Centre was a temple, with a Pond.

    The city was surrounded by square-shaped streets around the temple complex, all the streets leading to the Temple.

    This can be seen in many temples in many cities of Tamil Nadu, notable examples being  Madurai, Sri Rangam Srivilliputhur, Chidambaram.

    These cities had a resting place for Travelers at regular intervals on the highways, at every Kaatham, about 16 Kilometers.

    This may be seen on the road from Madurai to Srivilliputtur.

    Each city , at the outskirts , had a small water tank meant for animals.

    A stone column was erected for the animals to relieve their itching!

    Such a civilization should have had great cities.

    Many have sunk as in Lemuria where the Tamil Sangam 1  and 2 were held, in Then Madurai ( South Madurai and Kavatapuram)

    We had Indraprastha  now called Delhi,Pataliputra, now Patna

    I had a look at  some of the ancient cities of India which are to be discovered in full.

    If people can look around places where tanks had been located with the satellite imagery they would find more cities.

    Here is  a List, which, of course, is not exhaustive.

    I shall be writing on each of them in detail.

    Readers may also contribute.

    • Dholavira – Located in Gujarat, India. Indus Valley Civilization city
    • Vijayanagar – Located in Karnataka, India. Now a UNESCO World Heritage site.
    • Poompuhar – Located in Tamil Nadu, South India
    • Lothal – Located in Gujarat, India – early city of the Indus Valley Civilization
    • Surkotada – Located in Gujarat, India – early city of the Indus Valley Civilization
    • Pattadakal – Located in Karnataka, South India. Now a UNESCO World Heritage site.
    • Vasai-Located in India, former capital (1533-1740) of the Northern Provinces of Portuguese India
    • Aror is located 8 kilometres east ofRohri in present daySindh, Pakistan. It had served as the ancient capital ofSindh and was oncelocated on the banks of Indus River. The city was once the prime nucleus centre of commerce and trade. The main languages spoken by the people are Hindi language, Urdu language, Punjabi language and Sindhilanguageand the religion followed were Hinduism, Islam and Sikhism.Kannauj
      Kannauj was one of the most beautiful ancient cities in India that was ruled by different rulers. The city was described as a city which raised its head to the skies and which in strength and beauty might boast of being unrivalled. Kannauj has incessantly served as a place of immense historical significance. The city had, much later, become a new district of the Uttar Pradesh on September 18th, 1997.Bairat
      Bairat is a much celebrated and momentous town in the northern Jaipur of Rajasthan. It is located 52 kilometres north of Jaipur and 66 kilometres west of Alwar.

      Kalibangan
      Kalibangan is a town situated in Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan. The town is precisely located upon the banks of Ghaggar River. This ancient city of India has been considered as the third important city amongst all the excavated Harappan sites, under the Indus valley civilization. The city had received its name from the innumerable pieces of terracotta bangles that were excavated here.

      Sravasti
      Sravasti is an exceedingly substantial Buddhist religious and research centre, located in the Gonda district of Uttar Pradesh.

      Sagala
      Sagala is believed to be the modern day Sialkot, and it had once served as a great centre of trade and commerce, filled with business prospects.

      Sitanagaram
      Sitanagaram is a small and humble and ancient site located in the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh.

    • Hansi is a town in theHisar district of Haryana. The ancient city ofHansi is known to possess five gates to enter Delhi. It majestically incorporate the Delhi Gate at the East,Hisar gate at the West,Gosain gate at North-West,Barsi Gate at South andUmra Gate in thesouth west direction.Kumbhoj
      Kumbhoj is the name of an ancient town located in the Kolhapur district of Maharashtra.Kalpi
      Kalpi is an ancient city of India, in Jalaun district of Uttar Pradesh. Kalpi rather seizes stronghold from its sisterly counterparts, due to being conceived as the birthplace of sage Ved Vyas. The city of Kalpi is also renowned for its art of paper making.

      Bhinmal
      Bhinmal is a town in the Jalore district of Rajasthan. Bhinmal had once served as the capital of ancient Gujarat. The earlier name of Bhinmal was Bhillamala.

      Tamralipta
      Tamralipta is the name of another important ancient city of West Bengal. Now the place is however identified as Tamluk. Tamluk derives its name from the Sanskrit word Tamra Lipta meaning ‘full of copper’.

      Urayur
      Urayur is an ancient city located in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu.

      Dwaraka
      Dwaraka is another ancient city situated in Gujarat. According to Hindu mythology, Dwaraka was the dwelling place of Lord Krishna. The meaning of the word Dwaraka is a ‘door’.

      Ujjain
      Ujjain is located on the banks of Shipra River in Madhya Pradesh. According to Hindu mythology, Shipra had originated from the much admired churning of the oceans by the Gods and the Demons, with Vasuki, the serpent, serving as the rope. Osiyan is another ancient city that is approximately located at a distance of 65 kilometres from Jodhpur in Rajasthan. The city houses a number of temples and is presently a famous tourist spot.

      Bayana
      Bayana is a town in the Bharatpur district of Rajasthan.

    • The ancient name of the city wasSripatha orSriprashtha orShantipura. The city is claimed to have been discovered rather accidentally by an asura namedBanasura.Chunar
      Chunar is in the Mirzapur District of Uttar Pradesh.

    Citation and Reference.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_city#India