We have been exploring the history of Tamil Kings, Chera, Chola and Pandyas.In the earlier articles, we have traced the dates of Karikal Chozhan, Sarangadwaja Pandya and Perunchotru Udhiyan Neduncheralaathan from the time of Kurukshetra War of Mahabharata.We have based our findings on the confirmed date of Kurukshetra war .That is around 5100 CE.
We can see ,from the references in Tamil literature of Tamil Sangam, Ramayana and Kalidasa’s works that Tamil Kings were present even during the period of Nala, ancestor of Rama.Rama’s ancestor Emperor Sibi built this temple and had a second Capital in what is now Pakistan.We also have Muchukunda who belonged to Ikshvaku Dynasty.
Muchukunda was the son of Mandhata.
- Brahma
- Marichi
- Kashyapa
- Vivasvan or Surya
- Vaivasvata Manu
- Ikshvaku
- Kukshi
- Vikukshi
- Bana
- Anaranya
- Prithu
- Trishanku
- Dhundhumara
- Yuvanashva
- Mandhatahttps://www.google.com/amp/s/ramanisblog.in/2015/04/13/tamils-lived-in-treta-yuga-muchukunda-proof/amp/
So Chola Muchukunda was an ancestor of Rama.We have references to Chera and Pandyas in Ramayana.We shall now attempt to trace the Pandya Kings who were present before Mahabharata , because we have traced Tamil Kings after the Kurukshetra battle of Mahabharata, that is from 5100 CE.
We have references updated till Karikal Chozhan , Perunchotru Udhiyan Neduncheralaathan and Sarangadwaja.Now we shall see first the Pandya Kings who preceded Sarangadwaja.
We have information that there were Forty Kings before Karikal Chozhan in Chola dynasty and Tamil Sangam Classics speak of Kings before Sangam Era. Unfortunately , I have not been able to identify all the forty Tamil Kings.Shall study and update.
I have been able to trace Four Pandyan Kings who ruled before Sarangadwaja Pandya, who is dated around 5100 CE.
References in Ramayana of Tamil Kings.
Now the Tamil Kingdoms of Chera, Chola and Pandyas are described by Sugreeva to Hanuman and Angadason of Vaali, when Sugreeva directs them to routes to be taken by themthe places to search for Sita, who was kidnapped by Ravana.
These verses appear in the Valmiki Ramayana.
I am providing the text of slokas and translation hereunder.
Valmiki Ramayana,Sundarakanda, Slokas 1 to 49.
‘Sugreeva sends Vanara-s to southward which troop includes Hanuma, Jambavanta, Niila and others and Angada is its leader. Sugreeva gives a vivid picture of the southern side of Jambu dviipa up to the south-most part of passable regions, next to which the abode of Yama, the Terminator is there. This troop is also given one month’s time to find the whereabouts of Seetha.
tathaa vangaan kalingaam ca kaushikaan ca sama.ntataH |
anviikSya daNDaka araNyam sa parvata nadii guham || 4-41-11
nadiim godaavariim caiva sarvam eva anupashyata |
tathaiva aandhraan ca puNDraan ca colaan paaNDyaan keralaan || 4-41-12
11, 12. tathaa= like that; vangaan kalingaam ca=, Vanga, Kalinga [kingdoms,] also; sam antataH= verily, at its fringes; available; kaushikaan ca= Kaushika [territories,] also; you search and then; sa parvata nadii guham daNDaka araNyam = with, mountains, rivers, Dandaka, forest, caves; anviikSya= on seeing – on searching Dandaka; godaavariim nadiim caiva= Godavari, river, also, thus; tathaiva= like that; aandhraan ca= Andhra territory; puNDraan ca colaan paaNDyaan keralaan= Pundra, Chola, Paandya, Kerala [provinces]; sarvam eva= all of them; anu pashyata= closely, see – make a through search.
“Like that Vanga, Kalinga territories shall be searched along with Kaushika territories available on their fringes, then cast about the Dandaka forest all over its mountains, rivers, and its caves, then River Godavari that courses through Dandaka forest, and then the provinces of Andhra, Pundra, Chola, Paandya, Kerala are to be searched thoroughly. [4-41-11, 12]
Some other mms have Matsya desha in this verse instead of the Vanga desha. The Vanga is the present day Bengal and this territory retained its epical name, but while pronouncing it becomes banga because the Sanskrit grammar allows to pronounce or write va as ba by the rule va ba yoH abhedaH and thus it is called Baangla or Bengal as British used to call. Kaushika in some other mms is read as kaashika. Kalinga is Orissa which touches Bengal at its north, and it is the Kie-ling-kia as said by Huet Tsang.
The Andhra is the present day Andhra Pradesh and Chola is the present Tamil Nadu, especially northern area, and Pundra is roughly in between Andhra and Chola. Paandya is south-most area where in Kanyakumari district the Cape Camorin is there, and Kerala is the present Kerala state from Gokarna to Kanyakumari. Its historical name was chera raajya and in Ashoka’s time, it was called kerala putra.
ayomukhaH ca ga.ntavyaH parvato dhaatu maNDitaH |
vicitra shikharaH shriimaan citra puSpita kaananaH || 4-41-13
suca.ndana vanoddesho maargitavyo mahaagiriH |
13, 14a. dhaatu maNDitaH= with ores, crowded with; vi citra shikharaH= verily, amazing, with crests; shriimaan= prosperous [mountain]; citra puSpita kaananaH = motley, flowered, with forests; such a; ayaH mukhaH parvataH= iron, mouths, mountain – a mountain having iron-ore mines in the shape of mouths, namely Mt. Malaya]; gantavyaH= reachable – you shall go to; su candana vanaat deshaH= best, sandalwood trees, with copses, places; mahaa giriH maargitavyaH = great mountain, is to be searched.
“You shall go to the prosperous Mt. Malaya which is crowded with iron-ore mines as its vast mouths, and with amazing crests and motley flowered forests. Search shall be carried out on that great mountain in the places that are with the copses of sandalwood trees. [4-41-13, 14a]
This Mountain is also called Agastyamalai and it is in Western Ghats from which River Tamraparni emerges.
https://ramanisblog.in/2017/05/01/59784/
Tamil Sangam Literature speaks of Tamil kings who ruled before Sangam period.As an aside I may record here that the Archelogical findings at Poompuhar sets the date of Tamil back by about 12,000 years.
Of these kings I have been able to trace about four Pandya Kings.They are
- Vadivalambaninra Pandyan
- Mudhukudumipperuvazhthi.
- Nilantharu Thiruvirpandyan.
- Perumpeyar Vazhuthi.
SriRama’s date.
Rama’s Birth Date:
“This planetary configuration was prevailing on the January 5, 5089 BC, and it was on this day that Shri Ram left Ayodhya for 14 years of exile.
Thus, he was 25 years old at that time (5114-5089). https://ramanisblog.in/2014/03/05/ramayana-scientific-dating-wrong/
Hence we may assign these four Pandyas around 5000 CE.
Of these, Vadivalambaninra Pandyan seems to be the earliest among the Pandyas.Tamil Sangam Literature records that he was called Nediyon, meaning Tall, implying that he Ruled for a long time.He was the first King to have taken a special festival for Indira near Poompuhar, which was located ,then,South of Kanyakumari . He also started the festival for Varuna, God of Ocean for the First time.This was celebrated at the mouth of the River Pahruli where it joined the sea.This land is sunk now because of Tsunami.I have written in detail on this. https://ta.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF
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