We have seen in the earlier article about the date of Chera Kings of Tamil Nadu from the date of Mahabharata War. In this article, we shall look into the Timeline of Chozha Kings of Tamil Nadu.
Karikalan is considered to be the first recorded Chola , though there are views that many Chozhas preceded Karikal Chozhan was a contemporary of Chera King Perunchotru Udhiyan Neduncheralaathan who was present in Mahabharata war. ‘Upon the accession of Karikala, at a young age, there was a civil conflict in the Chola territory. By the time Karikala had succeeded in vanquishing rival claimants and establishing his hold over the territory, the neighboring Chera and Pandya rulers saw their opportunity. The two rulers formed a confederacy which also included eleven Velir chieftains apart from the two major rulers and invaded the Chola territory.[citation needed] It is unclear why even the Velir who were generally the allies of the Cholas stood against Karikala, the scion of the solar race and of the Kashyapa gotra, though Karikala by his brilliant stratagem inflicted a crushing defeat on the alliance in the ensuing encounter at Venni. Following his defeat, the Chera ruler Uthiyan Cheralathan starved himself to death (suicide by slow starvation).’https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Venni
Udhiyan Cheralaathan date based on Mahabharata reference about his presence in the War, is around 5100 CE. Karikalan defeated him at Battle of Venni. Therefore, Karikal Chozhan was a contemporary of Perunchotru Udhiyan Neduncheralaathan. Karikal Chola’ s date ,therefy, is around 5100 CE
In the Battle of Venni, Karikala crushed the Pandya and Chera forces along with their 11 chieftains, leading to the unifying of the three kingdoms into one under Karikala’s rule. Chera King Peruncheralathan was fatally wounded by the arrow throwen
by Karikalan that pierced his chest and wounded his back , Since he got wounded his back , the chera king out of shame had commited self sacrifice by starving himself to death facing North (vadakkiruthal).
When one reads Tamil Sangam Literature carefully,one finds it to be a mine of information.Information is so rich that one is amazed when it agrees with facts that are available today.Tamil , as I have discovered over the past twelve years, runs parallel to Sanskrit and Tamil culture is intimately and intricately connected with Vedic Culture.As a matter of record it may be noted that the worship of Siva and the concept of Saiva Siddhandha is more detailed in Dravida Desa,Tamil Land.Tamil and Sanskrit quote each other.Tamil Kings were present during Sita’s, Draupadi’s Swayamvara.Manu, the first Human being as described in Puran was a Dravidian emperor.Due to a great flood, his son Ikshvaku moved from South to Ayodhya and founded the Suryavansha,Solar Dynasty to which Sri Rama belongs.Manu’ s daughter, Ila remained in South and established the Chandravansha,the Lunar Dynasty.Tamil Kings of ancient days record that they belong to both the dynasties, because they intermarried.
When Tamil literature mentions what is now North India,that is North of Vindhyas and Satpura ranges,it calls as வடபுலம் and ‘Those of North’ , வட புலத்தோர்’.Tamil sets it’s boundaries, Thiruvengadam, Tirupati range as North,South Kanyakumari,East and West Ocean.What is intriguing is that Tamil mentions Thiruvengadam as covered in Snow!We all know that Tirupati area is not covered by Snow all the year. ( I have marked relevant Tamil lines that say Thiruvengadam is covered by Snow, by #)When Himalayas are mentioned Tamil specifically points it out Imayam, இமயம் or words that contain Imayam. And Himalayas description is different from Thiruvengadam description.The description of Himalayas as Imayamalai or Imayam may be seen under சங்க இலக்கியத்தில் இமயமலை
So the reference to Thiruvengadam is different from Himalayas.While Himalayas are always covered under Snow, Thiruvengadam is NOT.So these two are different.When Tamil sets Thiruvengadam as it’s northern boundary and describes it as having been covered with Snow and when it calls Himalayas as having been covered with Snow there is a difference in that Sangam Literature deliberately states Himalayas as Imayamalai with adjectives other than/ in addition to Imayamalai.
Geologists have dated Tirupati Hills range and the information tallies with what Hindu Puranas say about the age of the Hills. It is about 2100 Million years old.
Based on this and references to this mountain by Tamil literature one can infer Tamils , to have described this mountain, should have lived when it was in existence and also when Himalayas was formed around 70 Million years ago.Tamil hints at the emergence of Himalayas by the pressure of tectonic plates , by saing that Sage Agastya was sent to South to balance the earth as Himalayas was pressed down and Southern plateau tilted up.’வடதிசை இமயமும், தென்திசை ஆய்குடியும் உலகைச் சமனிலை கொள்ளச் செய்யும். – புறம் 132′ This poem 132 from Puranaanuru states that Himalayas of the North and the Clan of Ay, a Tamil Clan shall balance the earth.There are innumerable poems that state Sage Agastya came to South while Siva Parvathi marriage took palce to regain earth’s balance and Tamilnadu has Temples where Siva was reported to have given Darshan of His marriage with Parvathi to Agastya as Agastya could not be present at Himalayas.
Then we have the seven Root Races of the world.Among these are Lemuria.This is dated around 230 Million years old where it existed .I had written on this and also on MU civilization.
Now landmass which was later known as Aryavartha, how was it called? Aryavartha people and Puran call South of Vindhyas as Dravida Desa ,Southern Country.
What did Dravida Desa people call the Northern landmass?
Navalantheevu, நாவலன் தீவு.Navalpazham is the name for Jamboo fruit in Tamil.How do puranas, Shruthi and Smriti describe Landmass? Jamboothdweepe Bharathavarshe Bharathak kande ‘( Sankalpa we do in Pooja and on religious occasions).Tamil therefore refers to North as Navalan theevu.It was surrounded by oceans.
And what did lie between Thiruvengadam, the Northern boundary of Tamils and Himalayas.Vindhyas and Satpura mountain ranges, called as Krauncha Parvatha.Tamil literature refers to it as the landmass that lay as (lies now Vindhya and Satpura) Krauncha parvatha and Subrahmanya, Murugan broke it into two with his Vel ,Spear. ‘மாய அவுணர் மருங்கு அறத் தபுத்தவேல், நாவலந்தண்பொழில்வடமொழி ஆயிடைக் குருகொடு பெயர்பெற்ற மால்வரை உடைத்து, மலையாற்றுப்படுத்த மூவிரு கயந்தலை – பரிபாடல் 5-9 Paripadal 5- 9.(Murugan broke with his Spear the Mountain that lay between the land of Ay Clan and Land where people spoke Sanskrit) குருகு எறி வேலோய் – பரிபாடல் 19-36 (The one with Spear thou had throrn it to break open the Range.)
So Tamil land was different from Aryavartha.Aryavartha was called Navalan Theevu,Jaboodweepa.These two were separated by Vindhya and Satpura mountains.South of it lay the Northern boundary of Tamils. Tamil Literature asserts this.And Northern territory was surrounded by oceans.
என்று காரிகிழார் என்ற புலவர் தமிழ் மன்னர்கள் ஆண்ட பகுதிக்குட்பட்ட எல்லைகளை வரையறுத்துள்ளார். வடக்கு எல்லை பனிபடர்ந்த வேங்கடம் எனவும், தெற்கு எல்லை குமரி எனவும், கிழக்கும் மேற்கும் கடல் எனவும் எல்லைகள் குறிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன.
சங்க காலத்துக்கு முன்பு கன்னியாகுமரிக்குத் தெற்கில் நெடுந்தூரம் பரவியிருந்த தமிழகம் சங்க காலத்தில் சுருங்கிவிட்டது. குறுங்கோழியூர் கிழார் என்னும் புலவர் புறநானூற்றில் சங்க காலத் தமிழகத்தின் எல்லையை அளவிட்டுக் காட்டியுள்ளார்: தென்குமரி வடபெருங்கல்
குணகுட கடலா எல்லை
(மதுரைக்காஞ்சி:70-71)( Maduraik Kaanchi 70-71)
என்று தமிழகத்தின் எல்லையைச் சுட்டியுள்ளார்.
வேங்கடத்துக்கு வடக்கில் வேறுமொழி (தெலுங்கு) இருந்து வந்தது என்பதனை மாமூலனார் அகநானூற்றில் பின்வருமாறு கூறியுள்ளார்.
#பனிபடு சோலை வேங்கடத்து உம்பர்
மொழிபெயர் தேஎத்தர் ஆயினும்,,,,,#
(அகநானூறு, 211:7-8) Akanaanuru 211:7-8
(உம்பர் – மேலே, வடக்கில்; மொழிபெயர் தேஎத்தர் – வேறு மொழி பேசும் நாட்டினர்.)
குறுந்தொகையில் மாமூலனார் கட்டி என்னும் மன்னனின் நாட்டுக்கு வடக்கில் வடுகர் (தெலுங்கர்) வாழ்ந்து வந்தனர் என்பதை,
குல்லைக் கண்ணி வடுகர் முனையது
வல்வேல் கட்டி நல்நாட்டு உம்பர்
மொழிபெயர் தேஎத்தர் ஆயினும்.
(குறுந்தொகை,11:6-7)( Kurunthogai 11:6-7)
என்று கூறுகிறார்.
சங்க காலத் தமிழகத்தில் தற்போது உள்ள கேரளமும் சேர்ந்திருந்தது என்பது நன்னூல் குறிப்பிலிருந்து தெரிய வருகிறது. நன்னூலார் தமது இலக்கண நூலாகிய நன்னூலில் தமிழகத்தின் நான்கு எல்லைகளைச் சரிவரக் குறிப்பிட்டுள்ளார்.
One such information is the History of Tamils and it’s Great Emperors,who not only expanded their kingdoms till Himalayas but also extended their Empire to overseas, like Cambodia,Vietnam.. Tamil Kings,Imayavaramban Neduncheralaathan, Karikal Chozhan and Ariyappadaikadantha Kadandhanedunchezhian , Rajendra Chola have reached Himalayas, conquering Kingdoms all the way.
During the course of his North Indian Expedition, Karikal chola, reached Himalayas,after conquering Kingdoms on the way,and Planted Chola flag in Himalayas.
Karikal chola’s Expedition to Himalayas.
Not only that,he created a Mountain Pass/ passed through a Himalayan Pass.This is recorded in Tamil Literature Silappadhikaram and Periya Puranam.While Silappadhikaram dates back to the period of Sangam Literature,Periya Puranam, a Religious Work that deals with the Lives Shiva Devotees, belongs to middle ages.
Chola Emblem Tiger
He went along the Chola Mandala Karai (Coromandel Coast) defeating kings whoever opposes him on his way , went along crossing Kalinga and Vajra Desam with Kosambi as its capital that was in bengal area and reached Himalayas.
ChoLa Pass and ChoLa Mountain Range :
Cho La is a summit pass ,named after Karikal Chola .
Cho La is a summit pass located 5,420 metres (17,782 ft) above sea level in the Solukhumbu District in northeastern Nepal. It connects the village of Dzongla (4,830 metres (15,850 ft)) to the east and the village of Thagnak (4,700 metres (15,400 ft)) to the west.
After reaching Himalayas he laid down a New route towards North to travel across Golden Himalayan Mountain Range in to Tibet using his soldiers , and had closed an unusable older route as mentioned in Periya Puranam 55
“பொன்மலை புலி வென்று ஓங்கப் புதுமளையிடுத்துப் பொற்றும் அந்நெறி வழியேயாக அயல் வழி அடைத்த சோழன்” – பெரியபுராணம் 55
இலங்குவோர் கரிகால்பெருவளத்தோன் வன்திரள் புலி
இமயமால் வரைமேல் வைக்க வெகுவோன்” பெரிய புராணம் 25 Periya Puranam.25.
பகைவிலக் கியதிப்
பயங்கெழு மலையென
இமையவர் உறையும் சிமயப் பீடர்த்தலைக்
கொடுவரி ஒற்றிக் கொள்கையிற்” . Silappadhikaram.
செண்டு கொண்டுகரி காலனொரு காலி னிம
சிமய மால்வரை திரித்தருளி மீள வதனைப்
பண்டு நின்றபடி நிற்கவிது வென்று முதுகிற்
பாய்பு லிக்குறிபொ றித்தது மறித்த
பொழுதே.”- Kalingathipparani
The Chola King had Engraved his “Tiger” Symbol marking his Victorious Expedition to Himalayas in its rock at high Altitude. Since many soldiers along with him in the himalayan conquest were from Chera and from Pandya kingdoms , he engraved Bow Arrow and Fish symbols of Chera and Pandya too along side of his Tiger Symbol in Himalayan Rocks.
There was mention of 3 friendly kingdoms in Silapathikaram that came on his way namely Vajra Desam with Kosambi as it Capital in areas of Vanga (bangladesh) , Magadha Naadu and Avanthi naadu with Ujjain as its capital.
All these Three kings had welcomed Karikala Cholan and had gifted him with most valuable things Gold jewels and rathnas , Vajra King Presented him with Muthu Pandhal (Pearl Jewels) , and Magadha King had presented him with Patti Mandapam , Avanthi King had gifted him with Traditional Glittering Hanging Door Decorations made of Navarathnas as mentioned in Silapathikaram , it also says that karikalan on returning to his kingdom had showcased all the three rare gifts in “Chithira Mandapam” for his people to witness its beauty in Poompuhar Pattinam. https://www.quora.com/Which-Tamil-kings-went-on-Himalayan-expeditions-and-engraved-or-planted-the-victorious-symbols-of-their-flag-on-Himalayan-mountains?top_ans=102753057
In Tibetan language, La means Pass. But this is Chola Pass, not Cho La Pass as erroneously written; ‘Chola’ La, if you like. It is to be noted that the mountain range is called Chola Range, not Cho La range. … In fact, ‘Chozha’ is the right word, not Chola. The Tamil letter zha (ழ) is a tongue-twister, unique to Tamil.
According to the Imperial Gazetteer of India Vol. 10, page 327 New edition 1908, earlier edition 1885 – “The Chola Pass is in the Chola Range of Eastern Himalayas, 14,500 ft. above the sea, situated in 27º 25’ N and 88º 49’ E, leading from Sikkim State to the Chumbi Valley in Tibet. The Chola range, which is loftier than the Singalila, leaves the main chain at Dongkya Mountain.” In the map of Sikkim (http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gaz_atlas_1909), Chola Pass is clearly marked. Also Jelap La but not the now-famous Natu La pass. Despite my Himalayan efforts I couldn’t download this map. Nathu La is itself situated in the Eastern Chola Range. Most of the passes that help cross Himalayas are closed for almost nine months but Chola Pass is open for six months, says the gazetteer of 1909.
… Cho La is mentioned in a Sikkim map of a 1979 tourism folder . Source provided below.
One of the three Great Tamil Dynasties of Dravida Desa was Chera Dynasty .They trace their origins to Suryavansha and also Chandravansha,ie Solar and Lunar dynasty.Reason is that Manu’s son Ikshvaku, founded the Solar/ Suryavansha).Manu had a daughter Ila and she founded the Lunar dynasty, Chandravansha by marrying Chandra and begetting Budha. There were intermarriages between the two dynasties as well.Therefore not only Cholas but Chera s and Pandyas may be traced back to these two dynasties.Surya Vamsa, the Solar Dynasty .
Karikal Chola was an early Chola and he undertook an expedition to North India and was victorious.Chera King Cheralaathan was a Chera King who was successful in his expedition to North India. Cheralaathan’s Father Udhiyan Cheralaathan was contemporary of Karikal chola and Udhiyan Cheralaathan fed both armies of Kaurava and Pandava armies during Kurukshetra war , during Mahabharata period.Exploits of these kings are mentioned in Tamil Sangam Literature.
Karikal Valavan,aka Karikalan conquered the kings of Magadha, Avanti,and other Kings including Maya.Maya refers to The architect of Asuras .Asura does not mean nether beings but people who were at loggerheads with Devas and are generally considered as with more bad qualities than good .This is a question of perception. ‘the Asuras are any spiritual, divine beings including those with good or bad intentions, and constructive or destructive inclinations or nature.[6] ‘ He built Mayssabha, Palace of Illusion for Pandavas.He was a historical figure.
‘According to Nilakanta Sastri Karikala reigned in 90 CE.(A History of South India: From Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar, page 119) I differ from this date. I shall be justifying the date of Karikalan in my next article.
After subduing the south Karikala went on an expedition to the north and engraved his tiger emblem in the Himalayas. The king of the great Vajra whose sway extended as far as the roaring sea (in the east), gave him a pearl canopy as a tribute while the king of Magadha famous for his sword-play, and his enemy a while ago, presented to him an audience hall (pattimandapam). The king of Avanti gave him a friendly present of a tall and beautiful arch on the gateway. Though all these were made of gold and gems, their technique was not known to human artists even of exceptional skill; they were long ago given to the ancestors of these three monarchs by the divine Maya in return for some valuable service rendered to him. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karikala
The above verse says that Thirumavalavan (karikala cholan) who after winning over North Vengadam to Kanyakumari and after defeating the mightier Pandya and Chera Kings ,
Karikalan , the chola king who is also a lover of wars went in search of New enemies towards North until Himalayas (it mentions about his Himalayan expedition and conquest) , who could match his shoulder strength in fight , Started Conquest after praying to his god Kotravai , along with his soldiers , Carrying White umbrella and Murasu (Drums)
[ Note : Mayir Kann Murasu mentioned here means the special Drum that is made out of tough Buffalo’s skin that had actually killed a Tiger in a fight when it was alive ]……இரும்பனம் போந்தைத் தோடும் கருஞ்சினை அரவாய் வேம்பின் அங்குழைத் தெரியலும் ஓங்கிருஞ் சென்னி மேம்பட மிலைந்த இருபெரு வேந்தரும் ஒருகளத்(து) அவிய வெண்ணித் தாக்கிய வெருவரு நோன்றாள் கண்ணார் கண்ணிக் கரிகால் வளவன்.”
In the Battle of Venni, Karikala crushed the Pandya and Chera forces along with their 11 chieftains, leading to the unifying of the three kingdoms into one under Karikala’s rule. Chera King Peruncheralathan was fatally wounded by the arrow throwed by Karikalan that pierced his chest and wounded his back , Since he got wounded his back , the chera king out of shame had commited self sacrifice by starving himself to death facing North (vadakkiruthal).
Thiruvaalangaadu copper plate inscriptions :
He defeated the confederacy of nine minor chieftains in the battle of Vaagaipperundalai. Paranar, a contemporary of Karikala, mentions this in his poem from Agananuru.
Pattinappaalai also describes the destruction caused by Karikala’s armies in the territories of his enemies and adds that as the result of those conflicts, the “Northerners and Westerners were depressed… and his flushed look of anger caused the Pandya’s strength gave way.
I had written about the antiquity of Tamils and its close connections to Sanatana Dharma.
One intriguing fact,I have mentioned in many articles,is about Shiva Worship.
While Shiva is mentioned rarely in the Vedas directlty,save Srirudram,no Sukthas directly addressed to Shiva,Tamil literature speaks extensively about Shiva.
While the legend of Shiva is limited to His Marriage with Uma(Parvathi,daughter of Himavan,Daksha) her self immolation in the sacrificial fire in the Yagnya conducted by Her father,And Shiva carrying the body of UMA and the coming into being of the 108 Shakti Peetas,the Tamil literature speaks of 64 Avatars of Shiva,His formulation of Tamil as a language,his sons,apart from Ganesha,Murugan(Subrahmanya)Veerabaahu,Navaveeras,Rudrasena.
And Shiva is called the First Yogi with Sage Agastya,Bhogar and Patanjali as His disciples among others.
Rama is reported to have worshipped Shiva in many places in South India,including Rameswaram.
This probably is one of the strongest clues that Shiva cult preceded Ramayana.
The Sangam classics,dated around 3000 BC,speak of Shiva.
In the light of archelogical findings at Poompuhar,Tamil Nadu sets the Sangam classics by 30,000 Years.
So this is another clue.
The next is Tamil being spoken ,even today,in Afghanisthan as a dialect and in Nortwest frontier province of Pakistan.
I had written that Tamils had a second Capital in the Nortwest of India.
Kind Sibi,a Chola king ruled from there.
He invaded the south and built a Temple in Thirivellarai,near Srirangam,Tamil Nadu for Pundarikaksha,(Vishnu).
Sibi and Manu(not Manusmriti Manu) were Cholas and ancestors of Lord Rama
*please read my articles on these.
So we have two issues.
Tamils preceded Ramayana.
They were present in the northwest of India.
There is evidence that the Tamils lived somewhere near the Gulf of Cambay,Gujarat.
Shall write a detailed article on this.
The present article is about the date of Tamils,whose homeland was Lemuria,/Kumarikandam,/MU)
These three could have been one landmass are different but what can not be disputed is that the land was Tamils homeland.
How old is this land and the people?
Before proceeding further it would be relevant to know about the geographical landmarks provided in Tamil classics.
Sangam literature mentions ‘Thrivengadam’Vada Vengadam’ as the Nothern boundary of Tamil Homeland.
Currently,Tirupati is taken as Venkatam.
This forms a part of Seshacham range of hills and it dates back to 200 million years.
Himalayas were formed only about 70 million years ago.
The reference to Himalayas are not found in Lemuria.
What we have now in Tamil is the works belonging to the The Third Tamil Sangam and one finds reference to Himalayas.
The earlier works belonging to second and first Tamil Sangam were lost due to Tsunami.
They could have contained more references to Lemuria.
The reason why Himalayas is not found in Lemuria is because Himalayas was not formed then while Seshachalalam, Vada vengadam was in existence.
I shall be writing on the mountains,rivers of Lemuria as found in Tamil classics.
In as much as Vengadam is mentioned and not Himalayas,it is safe to postulate that Tamils refer to a period when Seshachalam was in existence and Himalayas yet to be Formed.
‘This page created for trivia and commentary regarding the Tretya Yuga [Silver Age]and the continent of Mu, or Lemuria. [- E.M.]
*Trivia:“[….] The Tretya Yuga, or Silver Age, came after the breakup of the previous age, when Lemuria, by earthquakes and tidal waves, went down under the seas. [….]” [Based on: Paul Twitchell, TheShariyat-Ki- Sugmad, Book Two, p. 113, Second Edition – 1988]
*Trivia: “[….] These records tell us that the legendary paradise of man, thought of as the Garden of Eden, was laid on the lost continent of Lemuria which was sunk by earthquakes and tidal waves fifty thousand years ago. [….]” [Based on: Paul Twitchell, The Shariyat-Ki- Sugmad, Book Two, Second Edition – 1988, p. 107]
Considered to be Earth’s first great civilization, Mu [Lemuria] could naturally be placed in the *Golden Age [about 3,891,102 B.C. – 2,163,102 B.C.] in order to fit a popular mythological paradigm of four [Gold, Silver, Bronze, Iron] great ages. My dates for these four ages [Yugas] were figured by using 3,102 B.C. as a starting date for Kali Yuga [Iron Age] and subtracting the appropriate fractions from 4,320,000 years to determine the rest. Most remarkable, perhaps, is the fact Paul Twitchell appeared to suggest two dates [separated by nearly 2 million years] for the destruction of Lemuria: roughly 2 million B.C. & 50,000 B.C. What are the reasons for these two dates? Can a continent sink twice? Or, during his research, was Paul Twitchell faced with more than one popular paradigm concerning the beginning of civilization? [- E.M.]
* See: pp. 16 and 98 (or Index page reference for Yuga / Satya) The Shariyat-Ki-Sugmad, Book One, by Paul Twitchell; p.77 (or Index page reference for Age / Golden) The Shariyat-Ki-Sugmad, Book Two, by Paul Twitchell; pp. 55 and 163 (or Index page reference for Satya Yuga & Tretya Yuga) The ECK-VIDYA Ancient Science of Prophecy, by Paul Twitchell.
*Trivia: “[….] The destruction of the kingdom of Lemuria and all its colonial empire came about by gas pockets under the crust of the earth some hundreds of thousands of years ago. It was a land of the Aryans who spread the empire throughout the world. [….]” [Based on: Paul Twitchell, The Shariyat-Ki- Sugmad, Book Two, seventh printing, 1982, p. 97 & eighth printing, 1986, p. 97 ]
*Trivia: “[….] The destruction of the kingdom of Lemuria and all its colonial empire came about by gas pockets under the crust of the earth that formed some hundreds of thousands of years ago. [….]” [Based on: Paul Twitchell, The Shariyat-Ki- Sugmad, Book Two, Second Edition – 1988, p. 112]
*Note: “Paul Twitchell died in September, 1971.” [– E.M]
The foregoing two sections of text appear not entirely the same. The newer edition [1988] contains the words that formed. To me [at least for now], this appears to suggest that [hundreds of thousands of years ago] gas pockets were formed under the crust of the earth. The older version of this text [1982 & 1986], however, “appears to suggest” it was the destruction of Lemuria that happened hundreds of thousands of years ago. That is, before the beginning of the Tretya Yuga about 2 million B.C. [- E.M.]
Col. James Churchward suggests a starting date for Mu [Lemuria] at about 200,000 B.C. He bases this date, allegedly, on ancient Nacaal tablets. According to the position of certain stars recorded on those tablets [according, that is, to the conclusion of certain astronomers], he thus determines the date. On the other hand, the final destruction of Mu, according to Churchward, appears to have taken place between 10,000 & 11,000 years B.C.” [- E.M.]
So here we have a case of popular apparent history for one of the oldest recorded civilizations on earth. One that, according to such history, apparently sank beneath the waves of the Pacific Ocean anywhere from 2 million to 10,000 years B.C.
Even more astonishing, perhaps, is the classic church story about how the Garden of Eden and the beginning of the world began at just around 4,000 B.C. Only in the last two hundred years have other older dates for creation really begun to gain public attention. Writers contemporary with the 20th and 21st centuries were once engaged with promoting dates of between ten and fifteen thousand years B.C. for the Biblical flood; not to mention the beginning of man on earth – which probably goes back even further. Of course, some contemporary authors now favor the idea of all four Hindu yugas corresponding – more or less – with the popular 5,000-plus-year cycle for Mayan “suns”, which could have the oldest of them beginning around the 4th millennium B.C.
Obviously, a paradigm shift has been taking place for a number of years. A regular see-saw of dates, or a “hall of mirrors” that “seems to matter”. [- E.M.]
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