Ramanisblog

Tag: Time Hinduism

  • Earlier Manus Aliens? We Are First Humans?

    Earlier Manus Aliens? We Are First Humans?

    When one reads ancient texts of India, one is to be cautious in understanding it. It might appear, some narrations at least, to be far fetched, bordering on fantasy. However, one would them to be factually correct if the reader spends time and cross check the body of Knowledge that is at our disposal. Most of us assume that Basic theories of Physics in general is enough to understand the Universe and it’s mysterious ways.And the scientific theories we cling to prove or disprove information ,are those that have Application that has its uses in our daily Life. Most of us do not know the advanced theoretical aspects of Physics, especially those relating to Time,Space, Astrophysics,Determining the Universe,Multiverse,Black/ WhiteHole,Wormhole,Matter ,AntiMatter….

    Such theories are found in Ancient Indian Texts, which were verified and found to be correct. One would find the velocity of Light more precisely measured , Gravitational theories explained, growth of Foetus in Womb…the list is long. Please Google search term plus ramanis blog/ ramanan50.

    One such Concept found in Indian texts in the Concept of Time as Non- Linear and it’s Conception as Cyclic. That is Time does not travel in a straight line, but travels round and round, Cyclic. That is there is No Yesterday,No Today and NoTomorrow.Time is A Continuous Flow.Our Mind differentiates this flow into Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow by the instruments of the Mind, Space and Time.If we remove these two spectacles of Space and Time from our Mind, we can not Conceive Anything,as Observed by Immanuel Kant in his Critique of Pure Reason /Practical Reason.

    So what we observe is conditioned by Space and Time.The Observable Universe is not what we Observe. Today, Quantum Physics proves theory. Also the Cyclic Nature of Time.

    What we Observe, can also be Present or Exist at a different Level, Plane of Existence. The Observer modifies the Observed and the Observed modifies the Observer. Quantum proves that an Atom can be be present at more than one place , All at the Same Time. Where they are Perceived determines Where they Exist.And it is not the other way around.

    Nobody disagrees with the Concept that Energy once Created can Never be destroyed.( That whether Energy can be created ,is a big IF.)Hence , what ever we were, what ever we had done, can never be destroyed because all are Forms of Energy, including our Thoughts .Where have they gone? They have not gone anywhere. They are There where We Perceived Them To Be, and We Are Now where We Perceive, We ARE. So , theoretically Both facts, that is what we were, which we can not Perceive Now, and where We are Now are True.Only difference is that we do not recall/ recall.

    Now, to Indian texts about Cosmology and Details about the First Man. These details are described in Puranas, meaning Ancient History, and Ithihasa,Meaning It happened Thus(History) Major Puranas are Eighteen.Ithihasas are two. All of these speak about Cosmology and Details about the the First Human Being.
    Puranas provide detailed information on these aspects while Ithihasas, Ramayana and Mahabharata do not cover these points exhaustively.

    Time , according to Puranas , is Cyclic. Indian system has minutest measurements of Time as also for Vast Stretches. Read The Time Concept. https://ramanisblog.in/2012/10/16/time-non-linear-theory-indian-thoughts-1/

    In these vast stretches of Time, one part is Manvantara. There are Fourteen Manvantaras.Each Manvantara is equivalent to. Each Manvantara had Fourteen Manus,Rulers,One for Each Manvantara.Fourteen Manvantaras make one Day of Brahma ,The Creator,though technically He projects.He does this after 100 Divine years.

    Following is the list of fourteen Rulers, Manus.

    Manu and Manvantara

    Manu is considered the author of ancient Sanskrit code of law called Manu Smriti. Manu is the head of each Kalpa (Aeon), which consists of fourteen Manvantaraas. Each Manvantara lasts for the lifetime of a Manu and hence there are 14 different Manus such as Swayambhu Manu, Svarochisha Manu, Uttama Manu, Tapasa Manu, Raivata Manu, Chakshusha Manu, Vaivasvata Manu, Savarni Manu, Daksha Savarni Manu, Brahma Savarni Manu, Dharma Savarni Manu, Rudra Savarni Manu, Deva Savarni Manu and Indra Savarni Manu heading 14 Manvantaras respectively.

    Each Manvantara contains nearly 306,720,000 years. After these 14 Manvantaras, that particular Kalpa ends. Each Kalpa is nearly equal to 4.32 billion years. There are many kalpas while the name of the present Kalpa is Bhadra Kalpa, the previous Kalpa is Vyuhakalpa and the next one will be Nakshatrakalpa https://www.tutorialspoint.com/who-was-the-first-person-on-earth-according-to-hindu-mythology

    .Of these ,First six Manus do not refer to Earth at all, but refer to places which we do not understand. Paradox is that all of them are also present in some form even now.There is the reference of Earth and it’s evolution in the Seventh Manvantara, Vaivaswatha Manvantara, in which we Are.Here the Puranas describe that the Earth was affected by a great Tsunami and Manu, the first Human Being was advised by a Makara, Belonging to Fish Family, to move to a higher place. Manu meditated and moved from the south of Vindhyas to North, to Ayodhya.His son Inshvaku founded the Surya Vamsa, Solar Dynasty.Sri Rama belongs to this dynasty. Manu’s description and events are described in the present Time scale, Vaivaswatha ……

    Manu References

    4.2.The Shatapatha Brahmana (I.8.1.5) says that a little fish (a shaphari crap fish)  asked a  king to save its life while he was performing his early morning- austerities  standing in the river : and it kept growing bigger and bigger. The fish also informed the King of a huge flood which would soon hit and sweep away his land. The King thereafter built a huge boat to rescue his people, nine types of seeds, and animals in order to repopulate the earth. Accordingly, the king was taken to a Northern Mountain, where all were saved from the flood.

    tamevam bhṛtvā samudram abhyavajahāra | sa yatithīṃ tatsamām paridideṣa tatithīṃ samāṃ  nāva mupakalpyopāsāṃ cakre sa augha utthite nāva-māpede taṃ sa matsya
    upanyā pupluve tasya śṛṅge nāvaḥ pāśam pratimumoca tenaitam uttaraṃ
    girim     atidudrāva 1.8.1.[5]

    [H.S. Bellamy in his Moons, Myths and Men, estimates that altogether there are over 500 Flood legends worldwide. Ancient civilizations such as – China, Babylonia, Wales, Russia, India, America, Hawaii, Scandinavia, Sumatra, Peru, and Polynesia- each has its own version of a giant flood].https://sreenivasaraos.com/tag/dravida/.

    “Yo ‘sau satyavrato nāma, rājarṣir draviḍeśvaraḥ

    Jñānaḿ yo ‘tīta-kalpānte, lebhe puruṣa-sevayā

    Sa vai vivasvataḥ putro, manur āsīd iti śrutam

    Tvattas tasya sutāḥ proktā, ikṣvāku-pramukhā”

    -Srimad Bhagavatham 9.1.2-3

    yaḥ asau — he who was known;

    satyavrataḥ — Satyavrata;

    nāma — by the name;

    rāja-ṛṣiḥ — the saintly king;

    draviḍa-īśvaraḥ — the ruler (lord, master) of the Draviḍa countries;

    jñānam — knowledge

    ; yaḥ — one who;

    atīta-kalpa-ante — at the end of the last kalpa,

    lebhe — received;

    puruṣa-sevayā — by rendering service to the Purusha;

    saḥ — he;

    vai — indeed;

    vivasvataḥ — of Vivasvān;

    putraḥ — son;

    manuḥ āsīt — was  the Vaivasvata Manu;

    iti — thus;

    śrutam — I have already heard;

    tvattaḥ — from you;

    tasya — his;

    sutāḥ — sons;

    proktāḥ — have been explained;

    ikṣvāku-pramukhāḥ — headed by Ikṣvāku;

    nṛpāḥ — many kings.

    That saintly king and ruler (king) of the Dravida Countries who was known by the name of Satyavrata, at the end of the last kalpa (before the Pralaya) .. received knowledge by service to The Purusha, he indeed was Vaivaswata Manu, the son of Vivaswan, his sons have been proclaimed as the kings, famous as the Ikshvakus.

    Ramas Anestor Manu Dravida Srimad Bhagavadham

    Manvantara.Rama, his descendant, after whom Ramayana is, from Treta Yuga.

    Treta Yuga is separated by from our Kaliyug by thousands of years; we are in Kali around 5120; The Yuga which preceded Kaliyuga is 8,64,000 years . Treta Yuga happenes before Kali Yuga.

    Each Yuga under Manvantara are Satya,Treta,Dwapara and Kali.Time scale below.

    One thousand cycles of these Chatur( Four) Yugas make one Manvantara.

    The Manvantara that Preceded our Manvantara is Caksusha Manvantara. There the Vishnu takes the form of Ajith. But no reference of flood. But what happened in Mahabharata in Dwapara Yuga is mentioned by stating that Krishna’ s elder Brother would marry Revathi.

    We are now in the Seventh Manvantara, Vaivaswatha Manvantara.

    And Each Manvantara contains nearly 306,720,000 years. After these 14 Manvantaras, that particular Kalpa ends. Each Kalpa is nearly equal to 4.32 billion years. There are many kalpas while the name of the present Kalpa is Bhadra Kalpa, the previous Kalpa is Vyuhakalpa and the next one will be Nakshatrakalpa. we find in Sri Bhagavadha Purana that Vaivaswatha Manu ,also called as Sraddhadeva Manu meditated in the south and the Cosmology and Details of the First Man follows.( Found in all Purana , in greater detail in Sri Vishnu Puran).

    The present Manvantara alone talks about Flood and Manu, called as Vaivaswatha Manu.Earlier Six Manvantaras do not speak about this. They talk about Seven Eternal Rishis,Saptha Rishis,who are ever present in All Time Scales, Navaprajapathis,Nine Progenitors, which includes Daksha, Father of Sati Devi,wife of Sri. Siva.They also talk about events like Balarama’ s marriage with Revathi,About Vyasa having composed Mahabharata specific to each Yuga ( one must remember each Mahayuga has 1000*Chatur Yugas and there is Manvantara , 306,720,000* 14=!!! Beyond imagination).These texts also speak of temples we find even Today.

    Sraddha Deva Manu is mentioned as having been involved in establishing human race and formation of earth is mentioned for Vaivaswatha Manvantara. This means that from Caksusha Manvantara backwards there was no Human Activity.Yet The Human activities are mentioned/ referred to in these earlier Manvantaras.

    That is minimum 306,720,000 * 14 years ago!

    It only leads to the hypothesis that the Persons mentioned in the earlier Manvantaras , when they are called as Devas or Celestial Beings from a different plane of Existence, when the post of Indra,Chief of Devas is Ex Officio,are/ were really not from the Earth and they were from other plane of Existence.And the Prediction/assertion of events taking place in our Time scale,which was much ahead of them, makes one to think that there/ they were Aliens and they had interfered with us earthlings . And there is a view that Shiva Linga spewed the first DNA on Earth.More articles to follow.

  • Adi Sesha Vishnu Bed Dark Energy Of Universe Cosmic Constant

    Adi Sesha Vishnu Bed Dark Energy Of Universe Cosmic Constant

    Amazing,puzzling,are the words that come to my mind when I read about Astrophysics and Indian Cosmology.

    Indian texts describe the Universe as Dynamic,Eternal.

    Lila,Ananta.

    Universe is Energy and what is Observable is not the Entire Universe.

    What we Observe is Negligible,both from the Standpoint of the Individual and things that are separate,away from the Individual

    I shall attempt to explain in a series that deal with Space,Galaxies,Expanding Universe,Matter,Antimatter,Dark Matter and Dark Energy.

    Universe consists of 5%Matter,68.7% Dark Energy and 26.3% Dark Matter.

    ( that there are many Universes with different Laws operation is another matter!)

    On this scale what we know of the Universe is practically Nothing.

    Universe was thought to be fixed in the sense that it was limited,though of astronomical magnitude of Numbers.

    However,it was found not to be so.

    The Universe is expanding.

    That is No limit or Edge to the Universe.

    Then Einstein came up with the the Theory of Cosmic Quotient,which means that a Fixed Number,Constant exists between the Force of Gravity that keeps Galaxies together and the Expanding Universe.

    With the advent of Hubble Telescope in Space,it was demonstrated that there forces at Work that expand the Universe.

    Dark Matter was theorised to exist and it,though Unobservable,can be inferred.

    And Dark Energy helps in Expanding the Universe.

    Expanding Universe.

    This diagram reveals changes in the rate of expansion since the universe’s birth 15 billion years ago. The more shallow the curve, the faster the rate of expansion. The curve changes noticeably about 7.5 billion years ago, when objects in the universe began flying apart as a faster rate. Astronomers theorize that the faster expansion rate is due to a mysterious, dark force that is pulling galaxies apart.

    Credit: NASA/STSci/Ann Feild

    Image is featured at the top of the article.

    ‘

    A galaxy is an enormous swarm of a million to a trillion stars. The Milky Way Galaxy,(our galaxy) is medium-large, with 100 billion stars. There are about 100 billion galaxies in the known universe, so there are literally as many suns as there are sand grains on all the beaches of Earth. The nearest large galaxy (Andromeda) is 2 million light years away. When you look out into space, you are also looking back in time. You actually see Andromeda as it was 2 million years ago, because it took that long for the light to reach Earth.

    http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=316

    It was also found that Dark Matter alone could not account for the acceleration of the Universe.

    There exists a Form of Energy, called Dark Energy,that expands the Universe at a higher rate,by creating Space (!) and more Dark Energy.

    ‘In physical cosmology and astronomy, dark energy is an unknown form of energy which is hypothesized to permeate all of space, tending to accelerate the expansion of the universe. Dark energy is the most accepted hypothesis to explain the observations since the 1990s indicating that the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate.

    Source.

    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

    As we know of very little about Dark Energy,we know very much less of its origin or its end ,if any.

    It is,as things stand now,is Perpetual,Infinite.

    This Dark Energy and Dark Matter remain Eternal.

    To understand what is Time and Eternity, would take another article.

    What do the Indian texts say on Cosmology?

    The Purusha Suktha Explains that everything is from A Principle and it evolves by Matter merging or interacting with non Matter.

    Purusha Evethakum Sarvam Yath Bootham Yacha Bhavyam…..

    Brahma, representing Matter sacrifices His head in Yagnya fire to get the Universe evolved.

    (Indian texts tend to give minimum three meanings for any text;one,the literal translation,the second ,it contains a scientific one and the third that explains an Abstract philosophical Truth.)

    The term Vishnu is from the Word Jishnu,One That supports.

    Vishnu is a Principle that supports the Universe.

    Vishnu is a manifestation,am Amsa of Narayana.

    He is described in various Avatars as Koorma,Tortoise,that suppots the Universe.

    It may be interesting to note that all civilisations have The Tortoise Legend.

    Narayana is always in Eternal Contemplation.

    Appears to be asleep,Yoga Nidra,that is appears to be Asleep but aware.

    You may read my article on Yoga Nidra for details.

    In the early 1990s, one thing was fairly certain about the expansion of the universe. It might have enough energy density to stop its expansion and recollapse, it might have so little energy density that it would never stop expanding, but gravity was certain to slow the expansion as time went on. Granted, the slowing had not been observed, but, theoretically, the universe had to slow. The universe is full of matter and the attractive force of gravity pulls all matter together. Then came 1998 and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of very distant supernovae that showed that, a long time ago, the universe was actually expanding more slowly than it is today. So the expansion of the universe has not been slowing due to gravity, as everyone thought, it has been accelerating. No one expected this, no one knew how to explain it. But something was causing it.……

    Dark Energy.
    We know how much dark energy there is because we know how it affects the universe’s expansion. Other than that, it is a complete mystery. But it is an important mystery. It turns out that roughly 68%of the universe is dark energy. Dark matter makes up about 27%. The rest – everything on Earth, everything ever observed with all of our instruments, all normal matter – adds up to less than 5% of the universe. Come to think of it, maybe it shouldn’t be called “normal” matter at all, since it is such a small fraction of the universe.
    Albert Einstein was the first person to realize that empty space is not nothing. Space has amazing properties, many of which are just beginning to be understood. The first property that Einstein discovered is that it is possible for more space to come into existence. Then one version of Einstein’s gravity theory, the version that contains a cosmological constant, makes a second prediction: “empty space” can possess its own energy. Because this energy is a property of space itself, it would not be diluted as space expands. As more space comes into existence, more of this energy-of-space would appear. As a result, this form of energy would cause the universe to expand faster and faster. Unfortunately, no one understands why the cosmological constant should even be there, much less why it would have exactly the right value to cause the observed acceleration of the universe.

    ……

    By fitting a theoretical model of the composition of the universe to the combined set of cosmological observations, scientists have come up with the composition that we described above, ~68% dark energy, ~27% dark matter, ~5% normal matter. What is dark matter?

    We are much more certain what dark matter is not than we are what it is. First, it is dark, meaning that it is not in the form of stars and planets that we see. Observations show that there is far too little visible matter in the universe to make up the 27% required by the observations. Second, it is not in the form of dark clouds of normal matter, matter made up of particles called baryons. We know this because we would be able to detect baryonic clouds by their absorption of radiation passing through them. Third, dark matter is not antimatter, because we do not see the unique gamma rays that are produced when antimatter annihilates with matter. Finally, we can rule out large galaxy-sized black holes on the basis of how many gravitational lenses we see. High concentrations of matter bend light passing near them from objects further away, but we do not see enough lensing events to suggest that such objects to make up the required 25% dark matter contribution……

    Source.

    https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy

    There are words in Indian texts to describe Snakes.

    Sarpa and Naga.

    Sarpa is Snake and Naga, Serpent, Cobra and a Tribe.

    (This information strengthens my view that Subrahmanya and Shiva were real life characters).

    The Serpent that serves as Bed to Lord Vishnu is called Sesha and one instance has it that Vishnu had rolled it!

    Sesha is Time and it is circular,can be rolled back for Time, according to Indian Thought in Cyclic and not linear.

    Another meaning for Sesha is Remainder.

    So Sesha,on which the principle of Movement,Kinetic Energy,Lord Vishnu meditates,is

    The Eternal Time.

    Sesha is Eternal,,and Adhi the First.

    And as in mathematics,It Is Infinite.

    And Sesha is worshipped as Sankarshana.

    Sankarshana.

    In the Bhagavata PuranaShesha is namedSankarshana, the tamasic energy of Lord Narayana himself, and is said to live deep within the inner layers of patala, where there are many serpents with gems on their heads and where Sankarshana is the ruler. He is said to live since before the creation of the universe. When the universe is towards its end, he creates 11 rudras from him to destroy the universe for a new one to be created.

    Sankarshana is also one of the four vyuha forms of Vishnu or Krishna, the other three being Vāsudeva, Pradyumna and Aniruddha.

    Sankarshana expands himself as garbhodakshayi-vishnu in the beginning of the universe to create Brahma. In other words, Lord Sankarshana is Lord Narayana himself.-. Wikipedia.

    Sesha.’

    Imag Credit.

    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shesha#/media/File%3AVishnu_and_Lakshmi_on_Shesha_Naga%2C_ca_1870.jpg

    He is sometimes referred to as Ananta Shesha, which translates as endless-Shesha or Adishesha “first Shesha”. It is said that when Adishesa uncoils, time moves forward and creation takes place; when he coils back, the universe ceases to exist. He is also described in Buddhism as Vasuki.

    Vishnu is often depicted as resting on Shesha. Shesha is considered a servant and a manifestation of Vishnu. He is said to have descended to Earth in two human forms or avatars: Lakshmana, brother of Rama; Balarama, brother of Krishna.

    “Shesha” in Sanskrit texts, especially those relating to mathematical calculation, implies the “remainder”—that which remains when all else ceases to exist. But in Sanskrit it also means 6 shesham as the sheshanaga has been depicted to have many heads (5 to 7).

    His name means “that which remains”, from the Sanskrit rootśiṣ, because when the world is destroyed at the end of the kalpa, Shesha remains as he is.

    Source.

    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shesha

  • Absolute Time Relative Time Bharatvaja Newton Einstein Agree Details. 

    Absolute Time Relative Time Bharatvaja Newton Einstein Agree Details. 

    These are two concepts that are yet to be clearly understood or defined.

    What we now have of them are descriptions at the most in various forms, some of them in the form of Formulae.

    To understand what time is let us look at two examples.

    1.Let us imagine that we are travelling to Bangalore from Chennai by car.

    For easy calculations let us assume the distance between them is 500 miles.

    If we travel @ 500 miles per hour we shall reach Bangalore from Chennai.

    If the speed is 1000 miles, we shall reach in half an hour.

    If it is 2000 miles we will reach in fifteen minutes.

    If it is 8 000 miles, we will reach in 3.75 minutes.

    At this rate at a particular speed we shall be reaching Bangalore before we left Bangalore.

    At the rate of 128000 miles per hour we would reach Bangalore  in. 0039 seconds!

    The calculation.

    500÷128,000

    =0.00390625

    If we extend this logic, we would at a point of speed will be reaching Bangalore before we leave/left Chennai!

    That is Time runs backwards.

    Einstein, unable to solve the issue in his earlier years declared that nothing can travel faster than Light and if it does, it is not Matter.

    Later he revised his views.

    But notwithstanding this explanation the question remains.

    Another illustration.

    Let us imagine that an object has to Travel from point A to B.

    Before reaching B from point A you should cross half the distance between A and B.

    Let’s call it C.

    To reach from A to C  one should pass half the distance between A and C

    Call it D.

    To reach from A to C, you have to cross half the distance from A and D.

    Now remember, Space is infinitely Divisible.

    So you shall be dividing the Space between A and B INFINITELY.

    This means you will be traveling from A to B INFINITELY.

    This means Motion or in this case Travel is Infinite.

    IT other words you will never reach Bangalore.

    This impasse was solved by Sage Bharatwaja in his work Amritbhoshini.

    He distinguishes betwee two classes of Time.

    Absolute and Relative.

    Absolute Time belongs to a higher plane.

    That of Reality where Time is Absolute.

    Time as Vedas describe is an aspect of Brahman, the Reality.

    The other concept of Time is what we use daily.

    IT is Relative Time.

    This Time is used when the Nirguna , Beyond Attributes, evolved into Saguna Brahman, the world of Names and Forms.

    This is what Bharatwaja says.

    Vachya, the Absolute Time, coexistant with Brahman, the Reality and

    Avachar, Relative Time of Saguna Brahman, the world of Names and Forms.

    This has been stated by him in his work Amshu Bodhini.

    This is a book of Aphorisms, Sutra.

    The same Thought was expressed by Sage Parashurama in his work Antha Kausthuba Sastra.

    I have been able to find a list on this topic along with higher mathematics.

    They are twenty four in number.

    Shall be writing on these books and the Sutra with explanation.

    Now let’s see What Newton, and Einstein have to say on Absolute Time.

    ‘

    Originally introduced by Sir Isaac Newton in Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, the concepts of absolute time and space provided a theoretical foundation that facilitated Newtonian mechanics.[3] According to Newton, absolute time and space respectively are independent aspects of objective reality:[4]
    Absolute, true and mathematical time, of itself, and from its own nature flows equably without regard to anything external, and by another name is called duration: relative, apparent and common time, is some sensible and external (whether accurate or unequable) measure of duration by the means of motion, which is commonly used instead of true time …
    According to Newton, absolute time exists independently of any perceiver and progresses at a consistent pace throughout the universe. Unlike relative time, Newton believed absolute time was imperceptible and could only be understood mathematically. According to Newton, humans are only capable of perceiving relative time, which is a measurement of perceivable objects in motion (like the Moon or Sun). From these movements, we infer the passage of time.
    Absolute space, in its own nature, without regard to anything external, remains always similar and immovable. Relative space is some movable dimension or measure of the absolute spaces; which our senses determine by its position to bodies: and which is vulgarly taken for immovable space … Absolute motion is the translation of a body from one absolute place into another: and relative motion, the translation from one relative place into another …

    — Isaac Newton

    Quoted below from his later papers, Einstein identified the term aether with “properties of space”, a terminology that is not widely used. Einstein stated that in general relativity the “aether” is not absolute anymore, as the geodesic and therefore the structure of spacetime depends on the presence of matter.[13]
    To deny the ether is ultimately to assume that empty space has no physical qualities whatever. The fundamental facts of mechanics do not harmonize with this view. For the mechanical behaviour of a corporeal system hovering freely in empty space depends not only on relative positions (distances) and relative velocities, but also on its state of rotation, which physically may be taken as a characteristic not appertaining to the system in itself. In order to be able to look upon the rotation of the system, at least formally, as something real, Newton objectivises space. Since he classes his absolute space together with real things, for him rotation relative to an absolute space is also something real. Newton might no less well have called his absolute space “Ether”; what is essential is merely that besides observable objects, another thing, which is not perceptible, must be looked upon as real, to enable acceleration or rotation to be looked upon as something real.

    — Albert Einstein, Ether and the Theory of Relativity (1920)[14]’

    Reference and Citation.

    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_space_and_time

    # Explanation of the Featured Image.

    Two spheres orbiting around an axis. The spheres are distant enough for their effects on each other to be ignored, and they are held together by a rope. The rope is under tension if the bodies are rotating relative to absolute space according to Newton, or because they rotate relative to the universe itself according to Mach, or because they rotate relative to local geodesics according to general relativity.