Ramanisblog

Tag: Tamils history

  • Pandya Had Nuclear Answer To Brahmastra Agastya Reference Raghuvamsa

    Pandya Had Nuclear Answer To Brahmastra Agastya Reference Raghuvamsa

    I have written, based on Chinnamanur Plates that Pandya kings were following Sanatana Dharma,in fact all the Tamil Kings were followers of Sanatana Dharma ,and a Pandyan had performed Aswamedha Yaaga.This Pandyan King was so powerful that Ravana of Sri Lanka entered into a Peace Treaty with him, so that the Pandya king would not destroy the Moolasainya,Reserve Forces

    This Pandyan King possessed Brahmasiras Astra which is a counter to Brahmastra.

    Brahmastra leaves destruction all around, including the environment.

    How to chant the Brahmastra Mantra, I have explained in one of my earlier posts .

    How the Mantras affect weather, bring rainfall, produce heat, change thoughts in human minds around us, control animals and birds are explained thus,

    phantam vahnisamayuktam vyoma halasamanvitam |
    mesadvayam dantayutam halahalamatah param || 34-5 ||

    ghanadyam vayupurvam ca dantayuktamathantimam |
    sarasam carksaparyayam bhantam bhrgumatahh param || 34-6 ||

    ambaram vayusamyuktamarimardanamapyatah |
    pradIptamatha vaktavyam paramam ca padam tatah || 34-7 ||

    tatte pade prayoktavye gayatryaA madhyamam tatahH |
    padatrayam prayoktavyametad brahmastramIritam || 34-8 ||

    “It contains air, fire and cosmic poison, two goat-like fangs, full of poison, weighty, emits air, contains mercury, fiery, sparkling, sky is filled with air, enemy killing greatly radiant and it is projected with three hymn, Gayatri at its centre, it is known as brahmastra”(Ahirbudhnya Samhita of the Pancharatra Agama volume1)

    The counter Astra to Brahmastra is  called the BrahmaSirōnāmāstra, which was never used in war, as it had power equivalent to (Brahmāstra),representing 4 heads of Brahma and in Mahabharata war, it was known only to Dronacharya, Aswatthama, Arjuna and Karna. https://ramanisblog.in/2015/03/26/brahmasironamastra-counter-to-brahmastra-the-nuclear-weapon/

    This information, along with what is found in the Chinnamanur Plates is confirmed by Kalidasa in his Raghuvamsa,which details the dynasty of Raghu, ancestor of Sri Rama.

    Ramas grandmother was Indumathi. ( This information is from Balakanda of Sri Ramayana) This information is confirmed in Kalidasa’ s Raghuvamsa.The chaperone of Indhumathi, during Indumathi’s Swayamvara , while introducing the Kings , refers to Pandya King and Sage Agastya. She says that Agastya, while performing Aswamedha Yaaga, asked the Pandya king if he had finished his Ritual bath after the Yaaga. I have highlighted the text in the references below.

    पाण्ड्योऽयमंसार्पितलम्बहारः कॢप्ताङ्गरागो हरिचन्दनेन|
    आभाति बालातपरक्तसानुः सनिर्झरोद्गार इवाद्रिराजः॥ ६-६०

    pāṇḍyo’yamaṁsārpitalambahāraḥ kḷptāṅgarāgo haricandanena|
    ābhāti bālātaparaktasānuḥ sanirjharodgāra ivādrirājaḥ || 6-60

    pANDyo.ayama.nsArpitalambahAraH kL^iptA~NgarAgo haricandanena |
    AbhAti bAlAtaparaktasAnuH sanirjharodgAra ivAdrirAjaH || 6-60

    60. a.msa= on shoulder tops; arpita= given, adorned with; lamba hAraH= dangling, chest-pendant – one who has a long chest pendant of pearls dangling from his shoulders; hari candanena= by red sandalwood; kL^ipta a~Nga ragaH= decorated, body, colour – body colour shines forth as red sandalwood as that paste is smeared on his body; ayam= he is – such as he is; pANDyaH= pANDUnAm nivAsaH, janapadaH pANDavaH, teShAm rAjaH pANDyaH – he is the king of pANDyA-s; bAla Atapa= young, sun – by rising sun; rakta sAnuH= reddened, mountain tops; sa nirjhara udgAraH= with, mountain rapids, streaming – mountain letting out rapids in streams; adri rAjaH= mountain, lordly; iva= like – this king is like; AbhAti= shines forth.

    “This king whose long pendant of pearls is dangling from his shoulders, and whose body is shining forth with the tinge of red sandalwood as that paste is smeared on his body, and who appears like a lordly mountain letting streams of rapids on its mountainsides, and with its peaks flooded with the morning sunlight, is the prince of pANDya kingdom… [6-60]

    vindhyasya sa.nstambhayitA mahAdrerniHsheShapItojjhitasindhurAjaH |
    prItyAshvamedhAvabhR^ithArdramUrteH sausnAtiko yasya bhavatyagastyaH || 6-61

    vindhyasya sa.mstambhayitA mahA adreH niHsheSha pIta ujjhita sindhu rAjaH prItyA ashva medha avabhR^itha Ardra mUrteH sausnAtikaH yasya bhavati agastyaH

    61. vindhyasya mahA adreH= of Mt. vindhya, great, mountain; sa.mstambhayitA= one who stalled [its upward growth]; niHsheSha= completely; pIta= drunk; ujjhita= spoted; sindhu rAjaH= rivers, lord of – ocean – one who drank ocean and spouted it out; agastyaH= sage agastya; ashva medha= hose, ritual; avabhR^itha= a sacrted bathg on completing that ritual; Ardra mUrteH= wet, with body – when his body is still wet after the sacred bath; yasya= in whom; prItyA= friendlily, not by pity; sausnAtikaH= sukhena snAtaH iti pR^icChantaH – or – sushobhanam snAtam susnAtam pR^icChati; pR^icChatau susnAtAdibhyaH – those about whom enquiries are made if they have had a bath in due form after Vedic ritual, i.e., have you completed ritual procedurally’ etc. will be enquired by Agastya. The questioner is Sage Agastya and the questioned king is the king of pANDya; bhavati= he who becomes – king of pANDya; anvaya is with 60 verse – drawing sense ‘he is such a king of pANDyA-s who is asked by no less than sage agastya, which sage has stopped the growth of mountain on one occasion, and which sage drank and spouted an ocean on another occasion, such a sage will be enquiring this king about this king’s sacred bath after Vedic-ritual, and such a king is here as suitor to you…’

    “Sage who stopped the upward growth of the great vindhya mountain, who quaffed off and spouted out entire ocean, that sage agastya will be the catechiser of this king when this pANDyan king’s body is still wet after the concluding sacred bath of ashvamedha ritual enquiring, ‘…have you performed the ceremony of ablution after Vedic-ritual ashvamedha properly….’ [6-61]

    अस्त्रम् हरादाप्तवता दुरापम् येनेन्द्रलोकावजयाय दृप्तः|
    पुरा जनस्थानविमर्दशङ्की संधाय लङ्काधिपतिः प्रतस्थे॥ ६-६२

    astram harādāptavatā durāpam yenendralokāvajayāya dṛptaḥ|
    purā janasthānavimardaśaṅkī saṁdhāya laṅkādhipatiḥ pratasthe || 6-62

    astram harAdAptavatA durApam yenendralokAvajayAya dR^iptaH |
    purA janasthAnavimardasha~NkI sa.ndhAya la~NkAdhipatiH pratasthe || 6-62

    astra.m harAt AptavatA durApa.m yena indra loka apajayAya dR^iptaH purA janasthAna vimarda sha~Nkii sa.mdhAya la~Nka adhipatiH pratasthe

    62. purA= in the days of yore; janasthAna= janasthAna – a stronghold of demon rAvaNa; vi marda= devastation; sha~NkI= one who was doubting – rAvaNa; dR^iptaH= insolent – demon; la~Nka adhipatiH= lanka’s, lord – rAvaNa; dur Apa.m= difficult, to be obtained; astra.m= a missile; harAt= from hara, shiva; AptavatA= one who obtained; yena= by whom – rAvaNa; sa.mdhAya= having made peace – with the king of pANDya; indra loka= Indra’s, world; apajayAya= not exactly victory, but gaining anything by conquest – as if to make Indra’s heavean defeated – avajayAya is another text; pratasthe= embarked on – rAvaNa; anvaya with 60th verse – he who is such a king etc; indra vijayino rAvaNasya api [pANDya rAjA] vijete iti arthaH.

    “No less than the haughty king of lanka, namely rAvaNa, had to make truce with these pANDyan kings as he feared the devastation of his stronghold called janasthAna at the hand of pANDya kings, because the pANDyan-s wielded a deadly missile called brahma-shiro-astra, obtained through the grace of god shiva… so, rAvaNa firstly made pact with them and then went to conquer indra’s heaven, because conquering heaven is nothing before conquering pANDyan empire…  [6-62]

    https://sanskritdocuments.org/sites/giirvaani/giirvaani/rv/sargas/06_rv.htm

    The three kings of South India had close contacts with the kings of Lanka.

    To such an antiquity that Ravana, who was engaged in stirring trouble in the Pandya Kingdom.

    He was reported to have been checked by a Pandya King and Ravana sued for Peace.

    This has been found in the Chinnamanur inscriptions, Tamil Nadu.

    “The Sanskrit portion of the bigger Sinnamanur plates begins with a fragmentary verse in which the king (perhaps Pandya) boasts of having subdued the ocean — an attribute which the mythical Pandya kings generally assumed in consequence, perhaps, of their sea-bordering kingdom, their naval power, and their sea-borne trade, from the earliest historical times. From him were descended the kings known as Pandyas (v. 2) ‘who engraved their edicts on the Himalaya mountain’ and whose family-priest was the sage Agastya (v. 3). One of the Pandya kings is said to have occupied the throne of Indra (v. 4) and another to have shared it with that god, and still another, to have caused the Ten-Headed (i.e., Ravana of Lanka) to sue for peace (v. 5). One was a conqueror of the epic hero Arjuna       Verse 8 refers to a king who cut off his own head in order to protect that of his master and also to a certain Sundara-Pandya who had mastered all the sciences. Many kings of this family had performed Vedic sacrifices Rajasuya and Asvamedha (v. 9).” Source. Ramanisblog

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  • Vishakapatnam Was Kulothunga Chozha vatnam Evidence

    Vishakapatnam Was Kulothunga Chozha vatnam Evidence

    The empire of Chozhas was extended upto Kalinga during and after the period of Rajaraja Chola and Rajendra Chola . Rajendra Chola’ s grandson,(son of his daughter) was Kulothunga I.The present city of Vishakapatnam was called then as Kulothunga Chozha Patnam.Inscriptions found in Jaggarao Observatory of Vizakapatam taluk (during East India Company days) confirm this. There is also reference to a trader having gifted a garden and the mention of 500 ‘Perumballi of the 500” refers to a merchant guild of the Anjuvannam Group, hailing from Malamandala (Kerala)’..This talkies with Tamil Trader group of 500. Thodai Vanigar Ainnootruvar.’ திசை வணிகர் ஐநூற்றுவர்.

    India’s East Coast has had an enduring connection to the ocean, dating back to the 3rd Millennium BC. Maritime traffic, from this region, has spread Hinduism as far away as Indonesia, and Buddhism to Thailand and beyond. India’s most ancient text, the Rig Veda, chronicles India’s earliest maritime activity to 1700 BC whereas the Buddhist Jatakas relate ocean travel back to 500 BC. Many residents of Visakhapatnam believe that the city was just a fishing village that grew into a city only after the English set up their trading post here in 1682 AD. But is there an untold story of the origins of Visakhapatnam? For the reconstruction of the lost history of Visakhapatnam, stone or copper inscriptions can be relied upon as an authentic source. 

    The first recorded history of a place by the name “Visakhapatnam” can be seen on a stone inscription inside the Lord Bhimeswara Swamy Temple in Draksharamam (in present-day East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh). A text of that inscription as recorded and published by the Government Epigraphical branch of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is reproduced in Fig 1.

    This inscription reads – ‘in the year Saka 990 (which corresponds to 1068 AD) a merchant by the name Papaya, son of Mediya setti from Visakhapatnam, made a donation to ‘Bhimeswara’, the presiding deity of that temple. The donation consisted of one metal lamp stand for lighting a lamp. He also donated 50 cows for the supply of ghee to light that lamp to burn perpetually as long

    Inscription regarding Vishakapatnam as Kulothunga Chozha Pattana.

    the other inscription against serial no. 61 in fig 2, it also refers to thea sale of a land and a house to a merchant in Visakhapatnam in the year 1199 AD. This inscription also mentions the merchant guild. The name of Kulottunga Chola Pattana continues to be applied to Visakhapatnam for about two hundred years. 

    The inscription, showed against serial no. 62 in fig 2 in Tamil, mentions a gift of a mantapa to a temple by a merchant in the year 1250 AD. This inscription gives new information onf the existence of a temple, called “Karumanikka Alvar”, in Visakhapatnam. This is the only inscription available about this temple and there is no evidence of it in any literary sources. It was recorded in the Epigraphical report of the year 1909 AD that the inscriptions of AD 1199 and AD 1250 were found near Paravastu Rangacharya’s house. Paravastu Rangacharya’s family were living in Kancheraveedi of the old town near Venkateswara Temple (Embermannar). In all probability, this Karumanikka Alwar temple might have been in the old town of Visakhapatnam. Kollam, in this inscription, refers to the Port of Kollam near the present Kozikode in Kerala. 

    The inscription against serial no. 63 in the above figure relates to the period of Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva, a Eastern Ganga King related to Kulottunga I, inscribed in the Saka year 1012, corresponding to 1090-91 AD. “Perumballi of the 500” refers to a merchant guild of the Anjuvannam Group, hailing from Malamandala (Kerala). So, the inscription records a gift by the guild to a merchant of Kerala. This gives evidence that there were merchant guilds, and merchants from Kerala, at Visakhapatnam during the 11th Century. It also says that the name of the city was changed as Kulottunga-Cholapattana in honour of the king of the Chola dynasty, which was ruling Chola, Vengi and Kalinga areas at that time.  three inscriptions in Fig 2, mention merchants of trade guilds residing in Visakhapatnam. Considerable history of maritime trade in Visakhapatnam during the period between 1099 AD and 1250 AD. It is also clear that there was much Tamil influence in Visakhapatnam during Chalukya Chola’s time.

    Inscription regarding gift of Garden
    Other inscriptions in Vishakapatnam.

    One more inscription given in Fig. 4 is also from the Simhachalam Temple wherein it is mentioned that a person, who appears to be Tamil, purchased a garden from a local resident of Visakhapatnam and gifted it to the temple in the year 1421 AD. This gives evidence of an agrarian society in Visakhapatnam. 

    Visakhapatnam

    Kulottunga Chola I ( சக்ரவர்த்தி குலோத்துங்க சோழதேவர் “Chakravarti Kulottunga Chozhadeva”; r. 1070 CE – 1122 CE) also spelt Kulothunga, was an 11th-century Chola Emperor who reigned for fifty-two years.He was one of the sovereigns who bore the title “Kulottunga”, literally meaning “the exalter of his race” in Tamil, succeeding his cousin Athirajindra. He did not belong to the main line of Cholas but was rather a prince of the Venki belongs to Eastern Chalukya dynasty, but also he is known as tamil chola. His mother, Ammangaidevi, was a Chola princess and the daughter of emperor Rajendra Chola I. His father was king Rajaraja Narendra of the Eastern Chalukya dynasty who was the nephew of Rajendra Chola I and maternal grandson of Rajaraja chola.According to historian Sailendra Nath Sen, his accession marked the beginning of a new era and ushered in a period of internal peace and benevolent administration. .. The Chola kingdom remained formidable under Kulottunga in his 45th regnal year (c. 1115 CE). Except for the loose hold over Lanka, the rest of the empire remained intact. The boundary between the Cholas and the Western Chalukyas was as always the Tungabhadra river. The hold over Vengi was quite firm, and Dakkina Kosala (south-west Kalinga) and some parts of Kalinga (proper) including the capital Kalinganagara, the modern Mukhalingam in the Srikakulam district, was under the Chola rule.[ Port Quilon, on the Malabar Coast, was recovered by prince Vikrama Chola sometime between c. 1102 and c. 1118 CE Kulothunga Chozha I

  • Madurai Meenakshi Sarangadwaja Her Father Date 5100 CE ?

    Madurai Meenakshi Sarangadwaja Her Father Date 5100 CE ?

    We have been tracing the History of India, from the Ikshvaku dynasty to which Sri Rama belongs. Vaivaswatha Manu ,father of Ikshvaku was an Emperor of Dravida Desa as attested by Srimad Bhagavadha Puran.Manu also had a daughter Ila.She married Chandra and had Budha as their son. From Budha onwards the Chandravansha begins.Pururavas was a King of this Dynasty. Ancient Tamil Kings,Chera, Chila and Pandyas trace their origin to both Solar ( Surya Vamsa) and Lunar ( Chandra Vamsa)

    Some interesting information emerge.As noted earlier, as ancient Tamil Kings trace their ancestry to both Surya and Chandra vanshas,that is Solar and Lunar dynasties,the Timeline of these kings must go back to Ramayana period.And there is information in Tamil literature that Pandyan Kings predate Chera and Chola Kings. This is open for debate. I shall be addressing this issue later.

    We find that Mahabharata mentions King Sarangadwaja, Pandya King. It records that Sarangadwaja Pandya fought the Mahabharata War on the side of The Pandavas and was killed in the war by Aswathama.

    Pandya king Sarangadhwaja sided with the Pandavas in the great Kurukshetra War. His main opponent was Ashwathama.

    As per Bhishma’s ratings, Pandya king was rated as a great Ratha (a grade for chariot-warriors) (5,172).

    Pandya, who dwelt on the coast-land near the sea, came accompanied by troops of various kinds to Yudhishthira, the king of kings (5:19). There hath come Pandya. Remarkably heroic and endued with prowess and energy that have no parallel, he is devoted to the Pandava cause. (5:22).

    Dhrishtadyumna and Shikhandi and the five sons of Draupadi and the Prabhadrakas, and Satyaki and Chekitana with the Dravida forces, and the Pandyas, the Cholas, and the Cheras, surrounded by a mighty array – were mentioned as part of the Pandava army (8:12).

    Pandya, that foremost of warriors skilled in shafts and weapons, was destroying crowds of foes by means of diverse kinds of shafts. Piercing the bodies of the elephants and steeds and men with sharp shafts, that foremost of smiters overthrew and deprived them of life. Cutting off with his own shafts the diverse weapons hurled at him by many foremost of foes, Pandya slew his enemies (8:19). He was slain by the Kaurava hero Ashwatthama (8:20,46) His name was mentioned as Sarangadhwaja.

    There is a doubt if some other Pandya king sided with the Kauravas as indicated by the following passage at (9:2):- When the mighty Pandya, that foremost of all wielders of weapons, has been slain in battle by the Pandavas, what can it be but destiny?

    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandya_kingdom_(Mahabharata)

    Sarangadwaja was also known as Malayadwaja Pandya.He was the Father of Madurai Meenakshi.She ruled Madurai and she undertook an expedition to North India, probably to avenge her Grandfather’s death( Kulasekara Pandya).This point that she undertook the expedition to avenge her Grandfather’s death needs corroboration.But expedition,she undertook, according to Tamil Literature.

    Madurai Meenakshi Amman, Moolavar ar Sanctum.

    Kurukshetra war of Mahabharata is dated 5100 CE. I have posted articles on the date details.

    So ,as Malayadwaja Pandya alias Sarangadwaja Pandya had taken part in the Kurukshetra War of Mahabharata, then his and his daughter Meenakshi’s date may be assigned at 5100 CE.

    Madurai Meenakshi Amman Temple.Madurai.

    And who was Kulasekara Pandya ,as Tamil Pandyan who is shown as Father of Meenakshi?This Pandya is Sarangadwaja.Kulasekara was Meenakshi’ s Grandfather and father of Malayadwaja alias Sarangadwaja.. This Kulasekara Pandya was killed by Sri Krishna.Please read my article on this point.

    However, ther are more Pandyan Kings who preceded him and they are mentioned as having been present during Ramayana. These Pandyan Kings seem to have ruled before Sangam Literature.Will write with evidence.

    Kulashekharan is said to be as strong as a bull. He is apparently killed by Lord Krishna, but although his son wants to avenge his father’s death, he is dissuaded from doing so by his well wishers.

    fl c.1300? BC

    Malayadwaja

    c.1300? BC

    One of the contemporaries of Jarasandha of the Brhadratha dynasty of Magadha is Jayatsena of Magadha. He takes part in the Kurukshetra War in the Mahabharata as one of the leaders on the side of Kauravas, along with Srutayus of Kalinga, Paundraka Vasudeva of Pundra, Karna of Anga, and Malayadwaja of the Pandyas. Bhagadatta of the Naraka kings is also involved in the war.

    During the battle, Malayadwaja apparently wounds the mighty Dronacharya, the teacher of both the Pandavas and the Kauravas, and who fights on the side of the Kauravas. Malayadwaja goes further and takes on Drona’s son, Ashwathama, in a duel.

    Malayadwaja’s daughter is Meenakshi, after whom the famous temple of Meenakshi Amman is built in Madurai. The city of Madurai is built around this temple. After this, the Pandyas fall back into obscurity for seven centuries.https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaPandyas.htm

    Kulasekara , Krishna and Malayadwaja

    King Malayadhwaja has numerous appearances in the epic Mahabharata.His father,Kulashekara Pandya was said to have been slain by Lord Krishna and his country invaded.To avenge the death of his father,prince Malayadhwaja is said to obtain weapons from Bhishma,Drona,Balarama and Kripacharya.Then, prince Malayadadhwaja is said to became, in weapons, the equal of Rukmi ,Karna,Arjuna and Achyuta. He then desired to destroy the city of Dwarka, Krishna’s capital and subjugate the whole world.Sage Agastya and Varuna, however, counselled him against that decision and said to have granted him back his fathers kingdom and made king.He is said to have been present during the Swayamvara of Draupadi and said to have brought jars of Sandalwood and Agarwood perfumes and jars of gold for Yudhishthira’s Rajasuya.During the Kurukshetra War,he is said to have sided the Pandava and mentioned as a mighty and powerful charioteer and warrior.He is said to be slain by the Kaurava’s Ashwatthama. https://en.everybodywiki.com/Malayadhwaja_Pandya

  • History of South Indian Kings ,List Verified Dates From 5100 CE

    History of South Indian Kings ,List Verified Dates From 5100 CE

    Indian history is in need of revision. It is right now an amalgam of misinformation , disinformation and outright lies.I have written extensively on this, providing the real history of India with authentic sources,mainly from foreign classical authors especially ,from Greece.I have also provided resources from Russia,references to India,Indian Kings from the history of European races ,tracing the presence of Indian Tribes there.And I have provided sources from Indian texts, Purana,Ithihasa and Sanskrit literature.Apart from this, I had also written on the Tamil Kings, Chera, Chola and Pandyas whose timeline is quite ancient and their presence is felt in foreign lands too.

    The Puran and Ithihasa mention Tamils,Tamil Kings and talk about their presence during Ramayana and Mahabharata.Tamil literature,in turn, quote these and corroborate what is stated in Puran and Ithihasa.

    So, it would be ideal, to arrive at the date of Tamil Kings( ( three kingdoms), by cross checking with Puran.I had written on this in detail.The list of Kings found in Puran and Ithihasa are validated by latest tools of history,Archeology,C4 dating, references both internal and external in Indian and foreign literature.

    Ancient Silk Road map showing the then trade routes. The spice trade was mainly along the water routes (blue)

    So it stands to reason to cross check again the Timeline of Tamil Kings , Chera, Chola and Pandyas with Ramayana date . ‘ Taking into account these details the Birth date of Lord Rama is January 10 in the year 5114 ‘ and Mahabharata. ‘So the date of the Mahabharat War is pin-pointed as 16th October 5561 B.C..We shall also attempt to list the Tamil Kings chronologically with the help of Tamil Sangam Literature.

    Tamil King Udhiyan Cheralaathan fed the armies of Kaurava and Pandava during Mahabharata war.His son Cheralaathan led an expedition to North in 5600 BC. ‘Chera King Cheralaathan Expedition to Himalayas 5600 BC

    Narkudi Velalaaaru ,in Tamil, published in 1920 by Arumuga Nainar Pillai, a Tamil scholar,traces the Genealogy of the three Tamil Kings .The source of the book is the Traditional folk songs of the people of South India.This book has 1035 poems which talks about the three ancient Tamil Kings of South India,Chera , Chola and Pandyas.The book was also researched by a great Tamil Scholar, N.M. Venkatasamy Nattar and also by other Scholars including Kasu Pillai and Mathivanan. This Tamil Kings list,apart from sourcing from the Traditional folk songs ,also includes the Tamil Kings mentioned and detailed in Tamil Sangam Literature. Pathittruppathu anthology is the main source among the Sangam Literature.Puranaanuru ,another Sangam classic has a list which differs slightly from this. I shall be writing on this.

    Now that date of Ramayana and Mahabharata are proven, as I have detailed in the beginning ,we can now work out the dates of Tamil Kings,Chera,Chola and Pandyas.

    Date of Mahabharata war is 5100 CE.Chera King Perunchotru Udhiyan Cheralaathan fed both Kauravas and Pandavas during the Mahabharata war.His date is thus 5100 CE.His son Imayavaramban Neduncheralaathan’s Northern expedition took place just after this.

    1. Udiyancheralatha 5100CE
    2. Antuvancheral
    3. Imayavaramban Nedun-Cheralatan
    4. Cheran Chenkutuvan)
    5. Palyanai Sel-Kelu Kuttuvan (
    6. Poraiyan Kadungo
    7. Kalankai-Kanni Narmudi Cheral
    8. Vel-Kelu Kuttuvan
    9. Selvak-Kadun
    10. Adukotpattu Cheralatan
    11. Kuttuvan Irumporai
    12. Tagadur Erinda Perumcheral
    13. Yanaikat-sey Mantaran Cheral
    14. Ilamcheral Irumporai
    15. Perumkadungo
    16. Ilamkadungo
    17. Kanaikal Irumporai https://ramanisblog.in/2015/01/30/kings-list-of-tamil-nadu-from-400-bc/

    # You will find the dates of these Kings in the above Links are quite different and are dated much later than what I have provided in this article.I would like to record that this Blog is research oriented and as I explore, I update the information and as a consequence, latest posts carry updated information. The process is difficult because Indian history taught in schools is absolute misinformation and India has quite an ancient timeline.And we have so much information from many sources,which hitherto has been neglected.

    பதிற்றுப்பத்து எட்டு சேர மன்னர்களின் வரலாற்றை அவர்கள்  ஆட்சி புரிந்த ஆண்டுக் காலக் குறிப்போடு தெளிவாலக் கூறுகிறது. கா.சு. பிள்ளை அவர்கள் இந்த ஆட்சிக் காலத்தைக கி.மு. 4-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு முதல் முறைப்படி கணித்திருக்கிறார். 

    இந்நிலையில் 1920 ஆம் ஆண்டு மதுரையில் அச்சிட்டு வெளியிடப்பட்ட நற்குடி வேளாளர் வரலாறு என்னும் 1035 செய்யுள் கொண்ட பாண்டியர் குடிமரபு கூறும் நூல் பாண்டியர்களின் 201 தலைமுறைகளைக் குறிப்பிடுகிறது. 

    ஆட்சியில் இருந்தாலும் இல்லாவிட்டாலும் அடுத்த தலைமுறைக்கு உரியவனுக்குப் பட்டம் கட்டி வந்த வழக்கத்தை இவர்கள் கொண்டிருந்தனர். பாண்டியரின் ஐவகைப் பிரிவில் கொடி என்றும் பிதிர் என்றும் பிரிக்கப்பட்ட வண்ணம் இருங்கோவேள் பிரிவினர் வழி வந்தவர்கள் தொடர்ந்து பட்டம் கட்டிக் கொள்வதைக் கைவிடவில்லை.  . இதன் வண்ணம் கி.பி. 1944 இல் இயற்கை எய்திய போற்றியடியா 
    இருங்கோவேள் 201 ஆவது பாண்டிய மன்னர் மரபின் பட்டம் கொண்டிருந்தார் என அந்நூல் கூறுகிறது. 

    இந்நூலில் பெயர் தெரிந்த பாண்டியர்களின் ஆட்சிக் காலம் கலியாண்டுக் கணக்கில் குறிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. 

    காசுமீர வரலாற்றை இராச தரங்கிணி குறிப்பிடுவது போல் நெடிய பாண்டியர் மரபை நற்குடிவேளாளர் வரலாறு  குறிப்பிடுவது,  நெடிய மூவேந்தர் வரலாற்றை மீட்டமைப்பதற்கு ஓரளவு துணை செய்கிறது. இந்நூலில் ஆரியப் படை கடந்த நெடுஞ்செழியனை 87 ஆவது பாண்டியனாகவும்,  வெற்றிவேள்செழியனை 88 ஆவது பாண்டியனாகவும் குறித்திருப்பது ஏனைய சேர, சோழ வரலாற்றுக் காலத்தோடு நன்கு பொருந்தி 
    வருகிறது. இந்நூலில் கண்ட குறிப்புகளின் வண்ணம் விடுபட்ட பாண்டியன் பெயர்களையும் சேர்த்தால் கி.மு. 500 முதல் கி.பி. 500 வரை 1000 ஆண்டுக் கால பாண்டியர் தலைமுறைகளைக் கண்டறிய முடிகிறது. 

    1000 ஆண்டுகளில் 40 தலைமுறை குறிப்பிடப்படுகிறது. ஒரு தலைமுறைக்குச் சராசரி 25 ஆண்டுகள் என்பது இயல்பான நிகழ்ச்சி ஆகும். இவர்களுள் கடைக் கழக நூல்களில் 20 பாண்டியர் பெயர்கள் மட்டும் உள்ளன. 

    ஏனையவற்றுள் பிற சான்றுகள் வாயிலாகக் கிடைத்த பெயர்கள் சேர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. 

    கடைக்கழக இலக்கியங்களின் வாயிலாக  அறியப்படும் முதுகுடுமிப் பெரு வழுதி, கருங்கை ஒள் வாட் பெரும் பெயர் வழுதி ஆகிய இருவரும் முறையே 66 ஆவது, 67 ஆவது பாண்டிய மரபிரராக அறிய முடிகிறது. 

    இமயவரம்பனும், பல்யானச் செல்கெழு குட்டுவனும் வாழ்ந்த கி.மு. 350 – 300 கால அளவில் 70 ஆவது பாண்டியனாகிய தேவ பாண்டியன் ஆட்டி புரிந்ததாக நற்குடி வேளாளர் வரலாறு கூறுகிறது. 

    பாண்டியரின் கிளை மரபாகிய இருங்கோவேள் மரபு கி.மு. 2283 கூன் பாண்டியனில் தொடங்குகிறது. http://tamilansekar.blogspot.com/?m=1

  • Eighty Varities Of Dravidian Tamil Among Indian Tribes

    Among the ancient languages of India, Sanskrit and Tamil are more ancient others.While Tamil is conventionally placed at 3000 back, Sanskrit @ 5000 BC,that is Rig Veda.Here Convention means ‘Western Scholars and Indian Secular/ Left Historians’.India has the dubious honour of providing to lexicon terms like Left,Secular Historians!

    Based on recent excavations in Poompuhar,Tamil Nadu,the date of Tamil is pushed back to atleast 12,000 years ago.Sanskrit goes back further. Important factor to note is that Tamil and Sanskrit run parallel and each quote the other.An ancient Tamil site in Chennai,Tamil Nadu is about a million years old and I had written on this.Such an ancient language Tamil quotes Sanskrit and in turn Tamil quotes Sanskrit again! So, it is futile to determine their dates as it goes back to lo…….ng back,which defies comprehension.When one reads History of world, Tamil and Sanatan dharma were most ancient and they have influenced world civilizations in some form or other.And all world languages trace their origins to either Tamil or Sanskrit.

    Dravidian Language Family presence among Tribes, India

    History of Tamil is mind-boggling.Atlantis ,Mayan civilization,apart from others speak of Tamil or MU civilization .And the land of Tamils , unfortunately named after an animal as Lemuria,is at least 230 Millions years old and Himalayas was not formed then.

    So it is not surprising to know that Tamil has over 80 Variations being spoken by Tribes in the world.One can find Tamil words in Cameroon!

    The Dravidian language family consists of about 80 varieties (Hammarström H. 2016 Glottolog 2.7) spoken by 220 million people across southern and central India and surrounding countries (Steever SB. 1998 In The Dravidian languages (ed. SB Steever), pp. 1–39: 1). Neither the geographical origin of the Dravidian language homeland nor its exact dispersal through time are known. The history of these languages is crucial for understanding prehistory in Eurasia, because despite their current restricted range, these languages played a significant role in influencing other language groups including Indo-Aryan (Indo-European) and Munda (Austroasiatic) speakers. Here, we report the results of a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of cognate-coded lexical data, elicited first hand from native speakers, to investigate the subgrouping of the Dravidian language family, and provide dates for the major points of diversification. Our results indicate that the Dravidian language family is approximately 4500 years old, a finding that corresponds well with earlier linguistic and archaeological studies. The main branches of the Dravidian language family (North, Central, South I, South II) are recovered, although the placement of languages within these main branches diverges from previous classifications. We find considerable uncertainty with regard to the relationships between the main branches.# Research paper may be downloaded at the following Link.

    https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.171504

    In the historical past Proto-Dravidian was spoken throughout India. When the Turanians and the Aryans came to India through the Khyber and the Bolan Passes respectively, and mingled with the local population of the North, the North Indian languages of Proto-Dravidian origin changed to a great extent. As a consequence Praakrit and Paali emerged as the languages of the masses in the northern part of India. Despite the commingling of local and foreign ethnic elements, a section of Proto-Dravidians maintained their ethnic and cultural identity in some isolated areas, spoke corrupt forms of Proto-Dravidian languages and these have survived, to this day, as living examples of ancient Dravidian languages. Languages such as Kolami, Parji, Naiki, Gondi, Ku, Kuvi, Konda, Malta, Oroan, Gadba, Khurukh, and Brahui are examples of Dravidian languages prevalent in the North. Today Proto-Dravidian speakers are increasingly mingling with other linguistic groups and learning their languages. Therefore, their numerical strength is on the decline. People living in the Rajmahal mountains in Bengal and in the areas adjacent to Chota Nagpur are good examples of the intermingling. A section of people living in Baluchistan speak Brahui, which has many linguistic features similar to the Dravidian languages spoken in South India. Scholars are surprised today to note many linguistic similarities between Tamil and Brahui, especially in numerals, personal pronouns, syntax and in other linguistic features. The Indian Census report of 1911 classified Brahui as a language belonging to the Dravidian family. It was then spoken by about 170, 000 people, although this number over the years dwindled to a couple of thousands. Whatever be their numerical strength now, they are proof of the fact that the Dravidians in some age of the historical past were spread in the region between Baluchistan and Bengal and spoke the Proto-Dravidian idiom.

    North Indian Languages

    Since the Dravidians lived throughout the Indian subcontinent at some historical past, certain syntactical affinities are noticeable even today between the South and a large number of North Indian languages. […]

    The term Dravidian, which refers to the language of South India, is of a later origin. Originally it was derived from the word tamil /tamiz> . This word in course of time changed into dravida after undergoing a series of changes like tamiza, tramiza, tramiTa, trapida and travida. At one time the languages spoken in the regions of Karnataka, Kongu and Malabar were respectively known as Karunaattut-tamil, Tulunattut-tamil and Malainattut-tamil. Today however, these regional languages are classified under the blanket term “Dravidian family of languages”.

    https://indiantribalheritage.org/?p=16288

    Source: Tamil Cultural Assocation – Tamil Language
    Address : http://www.tamilculturewaterloo.org/tamillanguage.htm
    Date Visited: Sat Nov 22 2014 12:

    Of the Dravidian languages, Tamil has the greatest geographical extension and the richest and most ancient literature, which is paralleled in India only by that of Sanskrit. Its phonological and grammatical systems correspond in many points to the ancestral parent language, called Proto-Dravidian.

    Nothing definite is known about the origin of the Dravidian family. There are vague indigenous traditions about an ancient migration from the south, from a submerged continent in what is now the Indian Ocean. According to some scholars, Dravidian languages are indigenous to India. In recent years, a hypothesis has been gaining ground that posits a movement of Dravidian speakers from the northwest to the south and east of the Indian Peninsula, a movement originating possibly from as far away as Central Asia. Another theory connects the Dravidian speakers with the peoples of the Indus Valley civilization. The Dravidian languages have remained an isolated family to the present day and have defied all of the attempts to show a connection with the Indo-European tongues, Mitanni, Basque, Sumerian, or Korean. The most promising and plausible hypothesis is that of a linguistic relationship with the Uralic (Hungarian, Finnish) and Altaic (Turkish, Mongol) language groups.

    As an independent family, the Dravidian languages were first recognized in 1816 by Francis W. Ellis, a British civil servant. The actual term Dravidian was first employed by Robert A. Caldwell, who introduced the Sanskrit word dravida (which, in a 7th-century text, obviously meant Tamil) into his epoch-making A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian or South Indian Family of Languages (1856).

    Tamil is spoken by 39,400,000 people (1981 est.) in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, by another 2,697,000 in Sri Lanka (Ceylon), by smaller numbers of people in Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam (about 1,400,000), in East and South Africa (almost 250,000), and by still smaller numbers in Guyana and on the islands of Fiji, Mauritius, Réunion, Madagascar, Trinidad, and Martinique. The earliest literary monuments of the language belong roughly to the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC. There exist a number of local dialects, the major dialect regions being the northern and eastern areas combined, the western area, the southern area (split into at least four major dialects of Madurai, Tirunelveli, Nanjiland, and Ramnad), and Sri Lanka (Ceylon). Correlated with the social position of the speaker are a number of speech forms; a major division occurs between the Brahmin and the non-Brahmin varieties. In addition, there is a sharp dichotomy between the formal language and informal speech.

    Malayalam, which is closely related to Tamil, is spoken in the Indian state of Kerala by some 21,700,000 people. Possessing an independent written script, it also has a rich modern literature. There are at least three main regional dialects (North, Central, South) of Malayalam and a number of communal dialects.

    http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/sars238/encybrit.htmlthe Nilgiris and adjacent regions, several minor tribes speak the following languages: Kota (1,400), Toda (1,145), Badaga (128,500), Irula (Irula) (6,176). The less well-known languages of a number of other tribes may yet be established as independent members of the Dravidian family (e.g., Kurumba, Paniya) http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/sars238/encybrit.html

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