Tag: Tamil language

  • Sri Lankan Army Harass Tamil Children with ‘chits. Co Existence Possible?

    Not content with the Genocide of the Tamils in Sri Lanka, the Sri Lankan Government , through its army is engaged in harassing school girls by the army personnel asking them to call them on Cell phones by giving the children a ‘chit’ to write their cell Phone numbers.

    Danger-keep out sign
    Danger-keep out sign (Photo credit: kewl)

    Some girls were found missing and no action seems to have been taken by the authorities,

     

    There are also reports that the Government has moved Tamils from the human Rights care to Army Detention Camp.

     

    Mahinda Rajapakshe seems to be working out a plan.

     

    First came the acquisition of Tamils lands, then the settlement of Sinhalese in the Tamil areas.

     

    One of the major complaints against the Government during the period pf ‘war’ was that the army was given special directive to rape Tamil Women, thus ensuring th Sinhala domination.

     

    May sound preposterous.

     

    I have been under the impression that only the Sri Lankan Government is behaving this way and the normal Sinhalese are fair.

     

    To my shock , I found Sinhalese spewing venom at the Tamils in a totally unrelated News item in the Times of India dt 22/8/2012 on SriLanka having allowed China to purchase a property in Colombo .( India of course was upset about and did nothing about it, except crying).

     

    Of the 100o and odd comments nearly 50-60 were totally irrelevant and abusive of the Tamils.

     

    Given the fact that the government and the people of Sinhala are against the Tamils , I am coming around to the view that co existence with the Sinhalese is out of question.

    Story:

    ( August 24, 2012, Vavuniya, Sri Lanka Guardian) According to news reaching from the former LTTE hideout in and around the north-east Pudukudiyiruppu, Vanni, military men engaged in non-combating patrols are heavily engaged in harassing the Tamil school girls.

    Military men on their rounds in vehicles and road patrols are targeting Tamil school girls attending evening private tuition classes. They are seen forcing chits to the girls. The girls in fear are accepting the chits fearing of consequences if they do not accept them from the gun wielding army personnel. The chits confirms the cell phone numbers and the military men are said to be asking the girls to phone them.
    The girls have complained to the parents that the army in duty are approaching them and are unnecessarily engaging in chats and making explicit gestures. The patents according to reports published in the Tamil media are said to concerned for the safety of their children and are struggling to deal with the difficulties faced.
    News reaching from Jaffna and reported in the Tamil media confirms that the military intelligence unit is strengthening its operations in the north. In particular in the Vadamarachchi area, suspicious and anonymous men are on the move with the help of the gun carrying Tamil men who are roaming around during nights.
    Last night (22/8) gun carrying persons in civilian dress has raided a house in Karaveddi. They created mayhem even to the extent of searching the deep wells around. Whilst the civil contingent was in action, the military men in uniform are seen giving cover to the civil dressed operatives. The roads around the house was blocked and the surrounding houses were extensively searched.
    According to a resident, the house targeted is the residence of two elderly couple. The raid was undertaken to find intelligence information of arms hidden in there. The intelligence men had visited the house again next day and have undertaken further search.
    The photographs taken of the raid confirms that the military intelligence men in civilian dress are mostly former LTTE fighters. They are confirmed to be accompanied by military men and women soldiers.
    Related:
    billy (colombo) replies to Chirag2 days ago
    haha democratic countries..dude check the list who voted for it..only the US puppets and poodles voted for it to make their master happy..not a single country with a back bone voted for it! bythe way have u atleast read what is there in the resolution..FYI it asked to implement LLRC report which categorically reject ur stupid accusations ..if india voted for dead tamils why the heck they voted for some thing wchis says such thing never happened..lol we reject it mainly because it was interfering in our domestic internal affairs..i guess we should sponsor a resolution against HR violations in kasmir next time…then we can see how these HR
    2 days ago
    do u know the meaning of genocide..if there was such do u think over 12000 tamil terrorists and 400000 of their families would survive and have a second chance in life to live as human beings and not as tamil barbarians ..only genocide happnend when tamil terrorist killed and chased away sinhalse and muslims from jafna..
    This is a disguised tamilian hahahahah. let you be one killed in the genocide.
  • Saint Andal ‘Devadasi, Illegal Child of Periyaazhvar’

    Manonmaniyam Sundaranar University has included a portion in its Syllabus for Students of Degree which states  that the Great Tamil Saint Andal was a Deavadasi and Periyaazvar begot her by Illicit liaison.

    A King  VallabhaDevan lusted after her and sent her presents.

    Andal
    Sri Andal

    There is no evidence to support this gem of a Find.

    A Great Saint and a Poetess who enriched the Tamil  Language by her Tiruppavai and other literary works is the presiding Deity of Srivilliputhur.

    The Gopuram (Temple Tower) of the Temple is the emblem of The Government of Tamil Nadu.

    Well, you can not expect respect and regard from the people who married widow,called Tamil as a language of the Barbarians , who decried Idol worship but is worshipped in idol form as a ritual and whose birth day is celebrated after his death!

    His disciple(when it suits him) is a man who has illegal relationship and an offspring, whom he flaunts publicly.

    Here is man who ran away from a prostitute’s house without paying money, after enjoying her services by the back door.(Vana Vasam-by Kannadasan).

    What can you expect from them?

    Where is Vaiko who raised a hue and cry over insult to Tamil language and Tamils over a cartoon on Anti Hindi agitation in a NCERT text Book?

    Vaiko makes a living by lecturing about Tamil literature.

    ‘Ellam ore kuttailil oorina mattaikal’ as Kamarajar aptly put it.(Chips of the Same Block)

    I have received a forward from my friend Sri.Srinivasan Rajan on this subject.

    Veeravalli Raghunathan <vvraghuja@hotmail.com>9 originak mail from Mr.Raghunathan)
    Date: Tue, Jun 26, 2012 at 3:56 PM
    Subject: [SriParakalaMatham] Let us all raise our voices!”

    Apettition is being addressed to Ms.J.Jayalalithaa, Chief Minister Of Tamil Nadu to take action.

    Petition site. www.change.org

    All Hindus  and Tamil Loving Non Hindus who are secular and rational may sign the petition.

    திருநெல்வேலி, ஜூன் 25: திருநெல்வேலி மனோன்மணீயம் சுந்தரனார் பல்கலைக்கழகத்தில் தற்போது மாற்றப்பட்டுள்ள இளங்கலை தமிழ் புத்தகத்தில் நோன்பு என்ற தலைப்பில் கொடுக்கப்பட்டுள்ள கட்டுரை ஒன்று பெருத்த சர்ச்சையை ஏற்படுத்தியுள்ளது.

    இதில், இளங்கலை முதலாம் பருவத்துக்கான பாடத்திட்டத்தில், தமிழ் மொழி பாடப் பிரிவில் கொடுக்கப்பட்ட புத்தகத்தில் இத்தகைய காழ்ப்புணர்வுக் கட்டுரையை பல்கலைக் கழக பாடத்திட்டக் குழுவினர் சேர்த்துள்ளனர். இதில், ஆண்டாள் தேவதாசியாகவும், அவர் பெரியாழ்வாருக்கு திருட்டுத்தனமாகப் பிறந்ததாகவும், ஆண்டாள் மீது மன்னன் வல்லபதேவன் மோகம் கொண்டு பரிசுகளை அனுப்பி வைத்தான் என்றும் ஒரு கதையை இணைத்துள்ளனர். மேலும் ஆபாச வர்ணனைகளும் இந்தப் பாடத்திட்டத்தில் இடம்பெற்றுள்ளதாகத் தெரியவருகிறது.

    இந்தத் தகவலை வெளிக் கொணர்ந்துள்ள அகில பாரதீய வித்யார்த்தி பரிஷத் மாணவர் அமைப்பு, தமிழக அரசின் சின்னமாக விளங்கும் திருவில்லிபுத்தூர் கோயில் கோபுரம் தமிழகத்தின் கவுரவத்தை வெளிக்காட்டுவது. ஆண்டாள், நம் தமிழ் பண்பாட்டின் சிகரமாக தெய்வமாக விளங்குபவர். அவரை இவ்வளவுதூரம் கீழ்த்தரமாகச் சித்திரிக்கும் வகையில் பல்கலை பாடத்திட்டத்தில் சேர்த்திருப்பது, பாடத்திட்டத்தை தயார் செய்த பேராசிரியர்களின் வக்கிர புத்தியையும் கீழ்த்தரமான எண்ணத்தையும் காட்டுகிறது என்று கூறியுள்ளது. மேலும், இது குறித்த விழிப்பு உணர்வை ஏற்படுத்தும் வண்ணம் திருநெல்வேலி நகரில் சுவரொட்டிகளையும் ஒட்டியுள்ளது. இந்தப் பாடத்திட்டத்தை உடனே நீக்கி மன்னிப்பு கேட்காவிட்டால் பல்கலைக் கழகத்தை முற்றுகையிட்டு போராட்டம் நடத்துவோம் என ஏ.பி.வி.பி அமைப்பின் மண்டலச் செயலாளர் செய்தியாளர்களிடம் கூறினார். இது குறித்த அறிக்கை ஒன்றினையும் அவர் வெளியிட்டார்.

    http://www.dinamani.com/edition/story.aspx?artid=618912

  • Times Of India Ridicules Tamil, Apologize.

    In a news story published  on 9th June 2012, The Times of India, titled ‘ New cartoon Row,this one on Anti-Hindi Riots’  has published a blurb in the story . calling Tamil as ‘Tongue Twister ‘Where it en-capsules the anti Hindi agitation .

    This portion is not available in the On Line version.

    Cartoon on Anti Hindi agitation
    Cartoon in NCERT Text Book on Anti Hindi Agitation

    ” Even before the din over a school textbook cartoon of B R Ambedkar had died down, a fresh row erupted over a cartoon on the anti-Hindi agitation in Tamil Nadu.

    MDMK chief Vaiko on Friday shot off a letter to Union HRD minister Kapil Sibal, seeking the removal of a cartoon in the NCERT class XII political science textbook because it distorted history and hurt Tamil sentiments. PMK leader S Ramadoss joined in to say the cartoon insulted the protests in the 1960s over imposition of Hindi in education that left eight people dead.

    “The cartoon depicts Tamil students in poor light” portraying them as “merely indulging in violence”, Vaiko said in his letter to Sibal and NCERT director Parvin Sinclair .

    http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-cartoon-row-this-one-on-anti-Hindi-riots/articleshow/13941979.cms

    http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Cartoon-row-Vaikos-protest-may-kick-up-political-storm-in-TN/articleshow/13941403.cms

    For a glorified Dialect, a Language, especially Tamil is no doubt a ‘Tongue Twister’

    It is an insult to the Tamil Language as well as Tamils.

    If the Times of India were to cover the news item it is welcome.

    But why insult a language?

    Even the tone of the news item, if one were to carefully read it, one would know that thee is a derisive tone.

    If you want to write on Anti Hindi agitation , write it,why call the language as a tongue twister, especially when there is no reason for you to provide the blurb which has nothing to do with the news provided under the head.

    If one were to go by the History of Linguistics Hindi, it stands nowhere near Tamil.

    Standard Hindi, or more precisely Modern Hindi, also known as Manak Hindi (Devanagari: मानक हिन्दी; meaning “Standard Hindi”),High HindiNagari Hindi, and Literary Hindi, is a standardised and sanskritised register of the Hindi-Urdu language based on theKhariboli dialect of Delhi and Western Uttar Pradesh. It is one of the official languages of the Republic of India.

    Colloquial Standard Hindi is mutually intelligible with another register of Hindustani language called Urdu. Mutual intelligibility decreases in literary and specialized contexts which rely on educated vocabulary. Due to religious nationalism and communal tensions, speakers of both Hindi and Urdu frequently assert that they are distinct languages, despite the fact that native speakers generally cannot tell the colloquial languages apart. The combined population of Hindi-Urdu speakers is the fourth largest in the world.[4] However, the number of native speakers of Standard Hindi is unclear. According to the 2001 Indian census,[5] 258 million people in India reported their native language to be “Hindi”. However, this includes large numbers of speakers of Hindi dialects besides Standard Hindi; as of 2009, the best figure Ethnologue could find for Khariboli dialect was a 1991 citation of 180 million.[1]

    .

    History

    Eastern and Western Hindi (red). Hindi-Urdu is one of the Western Hindi languages.

    Further information: History of Hindustani

    The dialect upon which Standard Hindi is based is khariboli, the vernacular of Delhi and the surrounding western Uttar Pradesh and southernUttarakhand region. This dialect acquired linguistic prestige in the Mughal Empire (17th century) and became known as Urdu, “the language of the court.” As noted and referenced in History of Hindustani, prior to the 17th century, it was not referred to not as Urdu but Hindustani. After independence, the Government of India set about standardising Hindi as a separate language from Urdu, instituting the following conventions:[original research?]

    • standardization of grammar: In 1954, the Government of India set up a committee to prepare a grammar of Hindi; The committee’s report was released in 1958 as “A Basic Grammar of Modern Hindi”
    • standardization of the orthography, using the Devanagari script, by the Central Hindi Directorate of the Ministry of Education and Culture to bring about uniformity in writing, to improve the shape of some Devanagari characters, and introducing diacritics to express sounds from other languages.

    [edit]Sanskrit vocabulary

    Further information: Hindustani etymology

    Formal Standard Hindi draws much of its academic vocabulary from Sanskrit, and has looked to Sanskrit for borrowing from at least the 15th century BC. Standard Hindi loans words are classified into five principal categories:

    • Tatsam (तत्सम / same as that) words: These are words which are spelled the same in Hindi as in Sanskrit (except for the absence of final case inflections).[9] They include words inherited from Sanskrit via Prakrit which have survived without modification (e.g. Hindustani nām/Sanskrit nāma, “name”; Hindustani Suraj/Sanskrit Surya, “sun”),[10] as well as forms borrowed directly from Sanskrit in more modern times (e.g. prārthanā, “prayer”).[11] Pronunciation, however, conforms to Hindi norms and may differ from that of classical Sanskrit. Among nouns, the tatsam word could be the Sanskrit uninflected word-stem, or it could be the nominative singular form in the Sanskrit nominal declension.
    • Ardhatatsam (अर्धतत्सम) words: These are words that were borrowed from Sanskrit in the middle Indo-Aryan or early New Indo-Aryan stages.[citation needed] Such words typically have undergone sound changes subsequent to being borrowed.
    • Tadbhav (तद्भव / born of that) words: These are words which are spelled differently from Sanskrit but are derivable from a Sanskrit prototype by phonological rules (e.g. Sanskrit karma, “deed” becomes Pali kamma, and eventually Hindi kām, “work”).[9]
    • Deshaj (देशज) words: These are words that were not borrowings but do not derive from attested Indo-Aryan words either. Belonging to this category are onomatopoetic words.
    • Videshī (विदेशी) words: these include all words borrowed from sources other than Indo-Aryan. The most frequent sources of borrowing in this category have been Persian, Arabic, Portuguese and English.
    • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Hindi
    • Note that Hindi in the present format came into being in 17th Century during the Moghul Empire.
    • And which Hindi are we speaking about?
    Uttarkhand,UP,Bihar or from other places?
    To have made Hindi as the Official Language is a travesty of Democracy.
    By majority, Telugu should have been the Official language, being spoken as a Single language,followed by Tamil.
    Because of the number of seats in the North, Hindi was made the Official Language of India.
    One may have a lot to attack the DMK and Karunanidhi but the fact is that but for the Anti Hindi movement by the DMK, South Indians to-day would have been reeling under the weight of Hindi.
    Unfortunately these corrupt politicians , in their quest for power and to extricate themselves from Corruption charges have hocked their pride at the altar of Hindi-Vaiko is excluded.
    Now the old Karunanidhi is gone.
    He will be seen at Delhi licking the feet of Delhi to exonerate his daughter from Corruption Charges or for getting Cabinet berths.
    One can witness to-day in South the unnoticed domination of Hindi, starting from the Construction worker level to Company CEOs.
    Even the Restaurants/security men in Housing Complexes ,have Hindi speaking people, worse with no ability to speak the local language.
    This is horrible. especially in Bangalore, where the people seem to feel that speaking Kannada is beneath their dignity.
    Chennai is sligthly better.
    Unless you respect your language you will be drowned.-you may not know it now.
    By insulting Tamil and the Anti Hindi agitation The Times of India is hurting the sentiments of the Tamils.
    Do not reopen the Language issue.
    Tamils seem to have graciously accepted Hindi.
    If the trend persists , the issue will boomerang.
    ( Why is it the Entertainment Channels, including the children Channel POGO, depict  The Tamils as uncouth ,wearing caste mark grotesquely , mouthing atrocious English? Shah Rukh Khan in his film Ra. One apes a Tamilian eats dirty.How many Tamilians have you seen eating dirty?
    I have not traced the History of Tamil. it is for people to find out.
    A mixture of Dialects and imported mixture of Persian Urdu can not hold a candle to Tamil/Telugu/Kannada .

    .

  • On Telugu,Telugu Men and Women,

    I received a forward from my friend Manian, who is is Australia, a Link from a Blog, which imagines it to be satire on Telugu Men, Women and Telugu in general.

    Though the piece may appeal to some as being funny, it does not appear to be matured.

    To comment on a language , which is slightly younger than the oldest languages like Sanskrit,Tamil and Kannada,even it be a spoof, is nauseating.

    If others were to comment on Tamils‘ arrogance and the propensity of living in the past like quoting Old Tamil Literature without producing anything anew in the recent past,their habit of looking down upon others,their chauvinism,their hawking their governance to Cine Actors(though Telugu had one,thank God  only once)

    ,their pastime of getting into the wrong side of every nation/state where they settle in,their so -called Rationalism where they worship at Graves,garlanding dead leaders(?) criticizing at the same time worship of idols,engaging in scams of unimaginable proportions like 2G(they will elect the same guys to rule them again)…..?

    Even for this piece, the likes of Seeman and Co will cry that ‘Tamil/Tamils’ are insulted.

    Even for fun one should know that there is a decency level and before writing one must know what and who they are.

    Now the meaning of ‘Kundi’ in Telugu,

    ‘ kundi : (page 130)

    kunda n. post, pillar; o.-ni ~ pooTLu poDucu to buffet s.o.

    kundanamkundanam n. gold.

    kundikundi n. brass lamp stand.

    kundukundu v.i. to pine, be sad or dejected.

    http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/search3advanced?dbname=gwynn&query=kundi&matchtype=exact&display=utf8

    Please ask your Kannada friends what is the meaning of Tamil Word ( Tullu'( Jump) in Kannada!

     

    I have nothing against the Honorable Telugu people. Except that they are not worth marrying. Or even knowing in some cases. Unless they own a car. That comes with a driver. Telugu drivers tend to drive well. Mostly because they know how to overtake.

    Over the weekend, there was a surprise visit by a Telugu Family with Eligible Bachelor. We’ve heard that there is a severe drop in the number of Telugu Women, hence, I was especially careful that they not cast their Gult net on our Asal Tamil Family.

    To begin with, an average Telugu person eats too much rice. I cannot imagine a wedding where there might be 200 Telugu guests. It will result in the prices of rice shooting up. We are a very socially responsible family. Besides, in a proper Tamil Wedding, one is allowed only two rounds. Any more, and we think that you don’t come from a family of decent means.

    http://tamizhpenn.blogspot.com.au/2007/10/telugu-families-need-not-apply.html

  • Were The Tamil Kings Atheists,Anti-Brahmin?

    Skanda, Muruga or Karthikeya, from the temple ...
    Image via Wikipedia

    There is a canard spun by Karunanidhi and Company going on in Tamil Nadu that Tamil Culture is Anti-Vedic and Anti-Brahmin.

    Facts point out differently.

    Agamas owe their origin to Tamil Culture (see my blog on  Srimad Bhagavad Gita).

    As a matter of fact the Gods worshiped in Tamil Culture are Maayon ( Vishnu), Cheyon (Lord Subrahmanya), Korkkai ( Goddess Durga), Varuna and Indra.

    These are Gods that find a place in the Vedas.

     Lord Subrahmanya is not mentioned in the Vedas. 

    Skanda is mentioned and it is said to denote Lord Subrahmanya.

    Earliest Grammar of Tamil, Agaththiyam (only portions of it are recovered) notes these Gods.

    Tholkappiyam defines Tamils  Land Mass and  details the life of the Tamils.

    ‘சங்க கால சமூகம்

    ஐந்து வகை நிலப்பிரிவுகள் பற்றி தொல்காப்பியம் குறிப்பிடுகிறது.

    – குறிஞ்சி, மலையும் மலைசார்ந்த பகுதி

    – முல்லை, மேய்ச்சல் காடுகள்

    – மருதம், வேளாண் நிலங்கள்

    – நெய்தல், கடற்கரைப் பகுதி

    – பாலை, வறண்ட பூமி

    இந்த நிலங்களில் வாழ்ந்த மக்கள் தத்தம் கடவுளர்களையும் தொழில்களையும் பெற்றிருந்தனர்.

    1. குறிஞ்சி – முதன்மைக் கடவுள் முருகன் (தொழில்: வேட்டையாடுதல், தேன் எடுத்தல்)

    2. முல்லை – முதன்மைக் கடவுள் மாயோன் (விஷ்ணு) (தொழில்: ஆடு, மாடு வளர்ப்பு, பால் பொருட்கள் உற்பத்தி)

    3. மருதம் – முதன்மைக்கடவுள் – இந்திரன் ( தொழில்: வேளாண்மை)

    4. நெய்தல் – முதன்மைக்கடவுள் – வருணன் (தொழில்: மீன் பிடித்தல், உப்பு உற்பத்தி)

    5. பாலை – முதன்மைக் கடவுள் – கொற்றவை (தொழில்: கொள்ளையடித்தல்)

    நான்கு வகை சாதிகள் – அரசர், அந்தணர், வணிகர், வேளாளர் – குறித்து தொல்காப்பியம் கூறுகிறது. ஆளும் வர்க்கத்தினர் அரசர் என்றழைக்பட்டனர். சங்க கால அரசியல் மற்றும் சமய வாழ்க்கையில் அந்தணர் முக்கிய பங்கு வகித்தனர். வணிகர்கள் வணிகத் தொழிலில் ஈடுபட்டனர். வேளாளர்கள் பயிர்த் தொழில் செய்தனர். பழங்குடி இனத்தவர்களான பரதவர், பாணர், எயினர், கடம்பர், மறவர், புலையர் போன்றோரும் சங்க கால சமுதாயத்தில் அங்கம் வகித்தனர். பண்டையக்கால தொல்பழங்குடிகளான தோடர்கள், இருளர்கள், நாகர்கள், வேடர்கள் போன்றோரும் இக்காலத்தில் வாழ்ந்தனர்.

    http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150267654364710 ‘

    ‘• முதற்பொருள்

    நிலம்

    இதற்குரிய நிலம் மலையும் மலை சார்ந்த இடமும்
    ஆகும். ‘சேயோன் மேய மைவரை உலகம்’ எனத்
    தொல்காப்பியம் குறிப்பிடும். வரை(204, 208,…..), குன்றம்
    (207, 209, 210), சிலம்பு (211), வெற்பு (214, 231),
    பெருங்கல் (218), மலை (219) எனப் பல பெயர்களில்
    குறிஞ்சி நிலம் ஐங்குறுநூற்றுப் பாடல்களில் இடம்
    பெற்றுள்ளது.’

    http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:dzh6weRpdlkJ:www.tamilvu.org/courses/degree/d011/d0112/html/d01122l1.htm+%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D+%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88&cd=1&hl=ta&ct=clnk&gl=in

    An ancient  Tamil Poem, while speaking of Karikal Chozhan , the first Emperor of Tamils and of his capital Kavirippoompattinam,states,

    ‘தவப்பள்ளி தாழ் காவி 

    நவிர் சடை முனிவரங்கி வேட்கு 
    மாவுதி நறும் புகை முனைஇக்  குயிறம்
    மாயிரும் பெடையோ திரியல் போகி ‘
    “there were’ monasteries for (Bauddha and Jaina) ascetics, and where the sweet smelling  smoke from the ghee poured by the fire-worshiping Rishis, with bright lock of hair,drove out the cuckoos with their black mates”
    This is the first reference in Tamil Literature of settlements of Brahmanaas, Bauddhas and Jainas in any city of Tamils other than Kanchi.
    ……………………………………………………………………………To be continued…
    Reference.History of The Tamils , by P.T.Srinivasa Iyengar.
    Available in Google Books page no 353 -356.