It may be noted that the other language groups headed by Anatolian ,followed by Hitti and others do have Tamil and Sanskrit Roots.
I shall be posting on this in detail.
My researches show that Tamil and Sanskrit head the world language groups at the top.
In other words world languages have their origins in Tamil, Sanskrit and a combination of both.
I have posted that Tamil influenced Hitti language.
Sanskrit.
‘The Sanskrit language, whatever be its antiquity, is of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either, yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs and the forms of grammar, than could possibly have been produced by accident; so strong indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists; there is a similar reason, though not quite so forcible, for supposing that both the Gothic and the Celtic, though blended with a very different idiom, had the same origin with the Sanskrit; and the old Persian might be added to the same family, if this were the place for discussing any question concerning the antiquity of Persia. (Fortson, p. 9)
Sanskrit (/ˈsænskrɪt/; संस्कृतम्saṃskṛtam[səmskr̩t̪əm], originally संस्कृता वाक्saṃskṛtā vāk, “refined speech”) is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, a philosophical language in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and a literary language that was in use as alingua franca in the Indian cultural zone. It is a standardised dialect of Old Indo-Aryan language, originating as Vedic Sanskrit and tracing its linguistic ancestry back to Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-European.
Languages of the World, relations.
Click on the image to enlarge.
Branches are in order of first attestation; those to the left are Centum, those to the right are Satem.
Languages in red are extinct.
White labels indicate categories / un-attested proto-languages.
* I have deliberately left informing that Tamil ahs not been mentioned in this tree, hoping that some one will point it.
Within ten minutes, a FacebBook reader has noticed it.
Am happy that my posts ae being read carefully.
I shall be posting on the antiquiy of Tamil and its status,on par with Sanskrit.
And on Telugu and Kannada which are also ancient, with more affinity to Sanskrit.
Indonesia is one of the lands which have been most influenced by Sanatana Dharma.
The earliest references to Indonesia are found in the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and ancient Tamil Classics dated somewhere between 2000 -3000 BC.
It is referred as Javakam, named after Java in Indonesia.
The earliest inscriptions found in the archipelago are known as the Kutai-inscriptions and originate from East Kalimantan, dated around 375 AD when the Kutai Martadipura kingdom ruled. These inscriptions were written in Sanskrit (the liturgical language of Hinduism) using the Pallava script, a script developed in Southern India around the third century AD. In these inscriptions three rulers of Kutai Martadipura are mentioned and they describe a ritual that is characteristic of archaic Hinduism. Approximately one century later, the first (known) stone is inscripted on Java. This inscription, also in Sanskrit, states king Purnavarman of the Tarumanagara kingdom (fourth to seventh century) in West Java and associates him with a Hindu deity (Vishnu). Together, these inscriptions show evidence of major influences from Indian Hinduism within the ruling elites of the first known indigenous ancient kingdoms in the archipelago.
However, trade contacts between present-day India and the archipelago are known to have been established centuries prior to the Kutai inscriptions. The Strait of Malacca, a sea-lane linking the Indian Ocean with the Pacific Ocean, has been the main shipping channel for seaborne trade between China, India and the Middle East since human memory. A large part of Sumatra’s coastline is conveniently located next to this sea-lane causing merchants between India and China to stop over here or on the other side of the Strait (present-day Malaysia) to wait for the right monsoon winds that would carry them further. But it is assumed that Hinduism and Buddhism were not spread to the archipelago by these Indian traders. More likely, kings and emperors in the archipelago were drawn to the prestige of the Brahmans (the Hindu priestly class which forms the highest ranking of the four social classes). These Brahmans, supposedly, introduced a religion to the archipelago which enabled the indigenous kings to identify themselves with a Hindu deity or a Buddhist Bodhisattva (an enlightened mystical being), thereby replacing the ancestor worship that was adhered to previously. This new religious doctrine, therefore, implied more prestige for the kings. Empires in the archipelago that copied such Indian concepts were found on the islands of Kalimantan, Java, Sumatra and Bali….
Tamil Kings have been conquering Indonesia quite frequently and have established their rule.
The Mahabajit(Mahpahit) Dynasty of Indonesia ruled Indonesia from 1293 for two hundred Years.
The name Majabahit means the Bilva Tree,Aegle marmelos.
‘The name Majapahit derived from local Javanese which means “bitter maja“. German orientalist Berthold Laufer suggested that maja came from the Javanese name of Aegle marmelos, an Indonesian tree.The name originally refer to the area in and around Trowulan, the cradle of Majapahit, which linked to the establishment of a village in Tarik timberland by Raden Wijaya. It was said that the workers that clearing the Tarik timberland, encountered some bael trees, as they consumed the bitter-tasted fruits that subsequently become the village’s name. In ancient Java it is common to refer the kingdom with its capital’s name. Majapahit (sometimes also spelled Mojopait) also known in other name; Wilwatikta, although sometimes the native refer their kingdom as Bhumi Jawa or Mandala Jawa instead.”
The Bilva Leaves are used for the worship of Lord Shiva.
Bilva leaves , like Tulsi can be used repeated for Pooja after washing them.
Indonesia abounds in Bilva and Rudraksha Trees.which, again, is used for Shiva worship.
The names of the Indonesian Rulers have Sanskrit base.
Mahabharata Monument in Jakarta, Indonesia Mahabharata Monument in Jakarta, IndonesiaSome of them are,
Firts King Jayavardana, one who is adorned by Victory.
Names of His wives,
ThribhuvaneswariNarendrathuhita,
Prahyabramita,
Gayatri Rajapatni.
Look at these names in the Image below.
Mahpahit Geneology Chart.
The Mahabharata of India has a different version of the Indian Epic.
Indonesia has a different version of the Mahabharata from the Indian version of Mahabharata in many parts of the story. The Mahabharata was translated into (old) Javanese under the reign of king Dharmawangsaof Medang (r. 990-1006).
It is also known as ‘Bharat Yudha’ etc. and is often portrayed through the form of Javanese Wayang. A Characteristic feature of the Indonesian Mahabharata is that it gives more autonomy to other characters apart from the main characters – Krishna, Arjuna, Bhisma, Duryodhana. In the Indonesian version of Mahabharata more is said about the character of Shalya.”
And these Kings followed th Indian Calendar ‘Saka’
In Greek history, Pelasgus was the ancestor of the Pelasgians, a population that were the ancestors of the Greeks – that is they preceded the Greeks and were the source of all knowledge that one sees later in the so-called Greek civilization.
There is no translation for the name ‘Pelasgus’ in Greek , because Pelasgians spoke a language that pre-dated Greek.
“”Godlike Pelasgus, on the mountain chase, The sable (black) earth gave forth her mortal race.“
The couplet is originally in Greek, and Asius uses the Greek word ‘gaia’ in the couplet which later interpreters translated as ‘earth’. But Edward Pococke in his book ‘India in Greece’ written in 1851 AD clarifies. He says that it was the word ‘Gaya’ that was tweaked by interpreters into ‘gaia’ in Asius’s work – it was Gaya (in Bihar in India) that ‘gave forth Pelasgus its race’.-Asius,Greek Poet ,700 BC.
The word ‘Gaya’ that was tweaked by interpreters into ‘gaia’ in Asius’s work – it was Gaya (in Bihar in India) that ‘gave forth Pelasgus its race’
“It is entertaining to view the process by which the Greeks first misunderstood a Pelasgic term, then fitted out a tale upon on their own translation of what they imagined to be Greek….”
“The history and origin of ancient Greece were not clearly written down by the Greeks themselves, but ancient Indian writings such as the Puranas, the Mahabharata, and the Rajput genealogies may hold keys to solving some of these questions.”-Coen Vonk.
The ancient Sanskrit texts Mahabharata, YoginiTantra, and the Vayu Purana mention the city of ‘Gaya’ in Bihar, then called ‘Pelasa’. According to the Vayu Purana the city of Gaya was named after an asura by the name ‘Gayasura’ – who practiced asceticism by praying to God Vishnu. He chanted and sang praises in the name of Vishnu, hence ‘geya’ (गेय) or ‘song’ – from Sanskrit ‘gai’ (गै), to ‘sing’, ‘chant’, or ‘sing praises’.
‘a race that in its slow migration towards the West took along with itself the glories of ancient Gaya, they have left their footprints on way. For en-route in their journey is the temple of Rekim-Gaya! The original Aramaic texts (Aramaic was the language that Jesus Christ spoke) say that the name of Petra, the ancient temple of Jordan, was Rekem-Gaya. ‘Rechin’ Gaya translates as Red-Gaya from Sanskrit – ‘rechin’ (रेचिन्) means ‘red’ as against the ‘black’ Gaia that Asius, the Greek poet wrote about in his verses on Pelasgus.
Pococke traces the exodus of a huge number of people from Bihar (then called by various names including Pelasa and Magadh) towards the Western reaches of the world. In fact, he traces the name Macedonia to Magadha via Makadonia.
The Greek language is a derivation from Sanskrit, therefore Sanskrit speaking people, i.e Indians must have dwelt in Greece, and the dwelling must have preceded the settlement of those tribes which helped to produce the corruption of the old language; or in other words, the people who spoke that language – i.e., the Indians, must have been the primitive settlers, or at least, they must have colonized the country so early, and dwelt their so long, as to have effaced all dialectic traces of any other inhabitants…“
Hinduism does not have written Texts of the Vedas, the Hindu scripture.
They are at least 5000 years old.
Yet we pronounce the Vedic Texts as they were from about the time they were composed.
Added to this is the fact that persons separated by about 3000 miles, whose mother tongues differ, Vedas are intoned identically!
( this applies to the same Saka or branch and the Sutra of the Veda concerned)
Sanskrit is difficult by modern standards and Vedic Sanskrit is tougher.
The Oral tradition has been followed and the passages or lengthy.
A portrayal of Vyasa, who classified the Vedas in to four parts, and author of the Mahabharata, which includes the widely read Bhagavad Gita. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
How is this possible?
”
The recitation of Vedas is also conditioned by the Matras, the time taken to recite a Syllable and the pauses one makes while rendering the Vedas.
Neither the Sruthi, the syllable nor the intonation Swara should be in disharmony.
The synchronized rendering of Sruthi (Syllable) and Swara,Tone makes the rendering of the Vedas effective.
There are different ways/types of rendering the Vedas.
Rules have been set forth to combine words and syllables so that they are not altered.
According to this the words of a mantra are strung together in different patterns like “vakya”, “pada”, “karma”, “jata”, “mala”, “sikha”, “rekha”, “dhvaja”, “danda”, “ratha”, “ghana”.
Ghanapatam:
The chanting of the scripture up to the advanced stage is called “ghana”. “Pathin” means one who has learnt the “patha”.
When we listen to ghanapathins chant the ghana, we notice that he intones a few words of a mantra in different ways, back and forth.
There are other methods of chanting like karma, jata, sikha, mala.
The purpose of these methods is to ensure that even not even a syllable of a mantra is altered to the slightest extent.
The words are braided together.
“UNESCO proclaimed the tradition of Vedic chant a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity on November 7, 2003. Wayne Howard noted in the preface of his book, Veda Recitation in Varanasi, “The four Vedas (Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva) are not ‘books’ in the usual sense, though within the past hundred years each veda has appeared in several printed editions. They are comprised rather of tonally accented verses and hypnotic, abstruse melodies whose proper realizations demand oral instead of visual transmission. They are robbed of their essence when transferred to paper, for without the human element the innumerable nuances and fine intonations – inseparable and necessary components of all four compilations – are lost completely. The ultimate authority in Vedic matters is never the printed page but rather the few members … who are today keeping the centuries-old traditions alive..
The various pathas or recitation styles are designed to allow the complete and perfect memorization of the text and its pronunciation, including the Vedic pitch accent. Eleven such ways of reciting the Vedas were designed – Samhita, Pada, Krama, Jata, Maalaa, Sikha, Rekha, Dhwaja, Danda, Rathaa, Ghana, of which Ghana is usually considered the most difficult.
The students are first taught to memorize the Vedas using simpler methods like continuous recitation (samhita patha), word by word recitation (pada patha) in which compounds (sandhi) are dissolved and krama patha (words are arranged in the pattern of ab bc cd…); before teaching them the eight complex recitation styles.
A pathin is a scholar who has mastered the pathas. Thus, a ghanapaathin has learnt the chanting of the scripture up to the advanced stage of ghana. The Ghanapatha or the “Bell” mode of chanting is so called because the words are repeated back and forth in a bell shape. The sonority natural to Vedic chanting is enhanced in Ghana. In Jatapatha, the words are braided together, so to speak, and recited back and forth.
The samhita, pada and krama pathas can be described as the natural recitation styles or prakrutipathas. The remaining 8 modes of chanting are classified as complex recitation styles or Vikrutipathas as they involve reversing of the word order. The backward chanting of words does not alter the meanings in the Vedic (Sanskrit) language.
How to remeber easily, Mnemonic Devices.
Prodigious energy was expended by ancient Indian culture in ensuring that these texts were transmitted from generation to generation with inordinate fidelity.Towards this end, eight complex forms of recitation or pathas were designed to aid memorization and verification of the sacred Vedas. The texts were subsequently “proof-read” by comparing the different recited versions.
Some of the forms of recitation are —
The jaṭā-pāṭha (literally “mesh recitation”) in which every two adjacent words in the text were first recited in their original order, then repeated in the reverse order, and finally again in the original order.[7] The recitation thus proceeded as:
In another form of recitation, dhvaja-pāṭha(literally “flag recitation”) a sequence of N words were recited (and memorized) by pairing the first two and last two words and then proceeding as:
The most complex form of recitation, ghana-pāṭha (literally “dense recitation”), according to (Filliozat 2004, p. 139), took the form:
word1word2, word2word1, word1word2word3, word3word2word1, word1word2word3; word2word3, word3word2, word2word3word4, word4word3word2, word2word3word4; …These extraordinary retention techniques guaranteed the perfect canon not just in terms of unaltered word order but also in terms of sound. That these methods have been effective, is testified to by the preservation of the most ancient Indian religious text, the Ṛgveda (ca. 1500 BCE).[7] Similar methods were used for memorizing mathematical texts, whose transmission remained exclusively oral until the end of the Vedic period (ca. 500 BCE).,,,
Tamil Classical literature and Tamil grammar Texts Agathiyam and Tholkaapiyam declare that Tamil Language was revealed by Lord Shiva as the Language of Mortals,Manusha Basha.
Nataraja, A Form of Lord Shiva
This, Lord Shiva, is reported to have given to Sage Agastya and Lord Shiva presided over the first Conclave of Tamil Poets.
The second conclave of Tamil Poets was presided over by Lord Subrahmanya, who is called Muruga in Tamil, the term Murugu in Tamil meaning ‘Exquisite Beauty’, which might denote both Muruga and Tamil.
The Tamil language is so organised that the Form of Muruga is represented by the Tamil Language.
I shall be posting on this.
Now I have come across the information that Sanskrit Language, which the Puranas describe as the Language of Gods, was from the sound of Lord Shiva’s Damru, a percussion instrument which adorns Lord Shiva’s hand.
After completion of His Cosmic dance,Shiva sounded His Damaru as the Universe was being created.
These sounds create maintain regulate and destroy the Universe.
Semen and Sound are mentioned as the Creative Force of the Universe.
Lord Subrahmanya is worshiped as the embodiment of both.
Nada Bindu Kaladi Namo.
Bindu may be translated as Semen in the physical plane and as stages of spiritual development in Nada Yoga.
“A damaru (Skt.damaru; Tibetan ཌཱ་མ་རུ; Devanagari: डमरु) or damru is a small two-headed drum, used in Hinduism and Tibetan Buddhism.Damru is known as the instrument of Lord Shiva. Damru was first created by Shiva to produce spiritual sounds by which this whole universe has been created and regulated…
In the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, the damaru is part of a collection of sacred implements and musical instrument was adopted from the tantric practices of ancient India. These reached the Land of Snows from the 8th to 12th century, persisting in Tibet as the practice of Vajrayana flourished there, even as it vanished in the subcontinent of India…
There are two types of Damaru, Skull Damaru and Chod Damaru.
Maheswara Sutras from Shivas’ Damaru
The FortennVerses Of Maheswara Sutra.
“The Maheshwara Sutra is the most ancient known Sanskrit alphabet sequence. This alphabet sequence is at the same time a powerful Mantra and the vibrations of its sound has healing powers.
1. अ इ उ ण् |
2. ऋ ऌ क् |
3. ए ओ ङ् |
4. ऐ औ च् |
5. ह य व र ट् |
6. ल ण् |
7. ञ म ङ ण न म् |
8. झ भ ञ् |
9. घ ढ ध ष् |
10. ज ब ग ड द श् |
11. ख फ छ ठ थ च ट त व् |
12. क प य् |
13.श ष स र् |
14. ह ल् |
The fourteen sutras contain all the letters of the Sanskrit varnamala- the svaras (vowels) a, i, u, R^i, lR^i, e, ai, o, au and all the vyanjanas (consonants). As per the Rig Veda Lord Shiva brought this Sanskrit alphabet sequence, and the Sanskrit language to earth. The sounds of the alphabet originated from Lord Shiva’s ‘damru’, probably some kind of a sound device.
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