Tag: Sangam Literature

  • Tamil Sangam Brick Roman Trade Center Near Chennai Found

    Dating of Indian History by the West has been a  sort of joke.

    Unsuspecting Indians believed it and they still do!

    The Rig Veda is dated around 5000 years ago, while the date of Ramayana has been proved to be 5114BC!

    The same misinformation on Mahabharata and the excavations at Dwaraka place it around 30,000 Years ago!

    Tamils history had been dated around 2 to 3 BC, while excavations at Poomouhar have dated it to 20,000 years ago.

    Trade was carried between India and ancient Rome
    Tamil Nadu , India and Rome , ancient Trade Route.

    Sangam period (Tamil: சங்ககாலம், Sangakālam  Malayalam : സങ്ക കാലം) is the period in the history ofancient southern India (known as the Tamilakam) spanning from c. 3rd century BC to c. 4th century AD. It is named after the famous Sangam academies of poets and scholars centered in the city of Madurai.

    In Old Tamil language, the term Tamilakam (Tamiḻakam தமிழகம், Purananuru 168. 18) referred to the whole of the ancient Tamil-speaking area, corresponding roughly to the area known as southern India today, consisting of the territories of the present-day Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, parts of Andhra Pradesh, parts ofKarnataka and northern Sri Lanka also known as Illam….

    According to Tamilian legends, there were three Sangam periods, namely Head Sangam, Middle Sangam and Last Sangam period. Historians use the term Sangam period to refer the last of these, the first two being legendary. So it is also called Last Sangam period (Tamil: கடைச்சங்க பருவம், Kaṭaissanka paruvam ), or Third Sangam period (Tamil: மூன்றாம் சங்க பருவம்,Mūnṟām sanka paruvam ?). The Sangam literature is thought to have been produced in three Sangam academies of each period. The evidence on the early history of the Tamil kingdoms consists of the epigraphs of the region, the Sangam literature, and archaeological data.

    Approximately during the period between 400 BC to AD 500, Tamilakam was ruled by the three Tamil dynasties of Pandya, Cholaand Chera, and a few independent chieftains, the Velir’

    This misinformation, despite the fact that

    The Vedic people had  flourishing trade with the Tamils,.

    Madurai Meenakshi’s father participated in the Mahabharata War,

    Udiyan Cheralathan, A Tamil King, provided food for both the Pandava and Kaurava armies during the Mahabharata war,

    Krishna and Arjuna married Pandyan Pricnesses and had children through them,

    Balarama visited Murugan temple and worshiped him in Tamil Nadu,

    A million year old advanced Tamil site was found in Chennai, Tamil Nadu,

    The Humanity’s earliest DNA has been traced to Madurai!

    And there is much more.

    Please read my articles on these subjects by googling the search term +ramanan50.

    Now evidence is available to the effect that Bricks used during the Tamil Sangam Period have been found, near Chennai!

    And this place had been a center of Roman business center!

    Ancient Romans did not restrict themselves to coastal Tamil Nadu; they set up trading centres even far inland. A team of archaeologists exploring a dry lake bed in Naduvirapattu village, some 12km from Tambaram, unearthed a few days ago some artefacts, including broken pieces of amphorae (jars used by Romans).

    The team comprised assistant professor Jinu Koshy and students S Vasanthi and K Vignesh of the department of history and archaeology of the Madras Christian College.

    The evidence at the site, archaeologists said, was a sign that the village may have been a transit staging area for the Romans before they proceeded towards Kancheepuram, a famous trading centre since the pre-historic era, to exchange their glass utensils and wine for rice, sesame oil, spices and silk.

    In fact, they said, the pieces of amphorae were clear evidence of the presence of Romans. Earlier, similar jars had been found at excavation sites in Kancheepuram, Vasavasamudram and Arikamedu near Puducherry. These sites are located near the shore or river (Kancheepuram is near the Palar river), but Naduvirapattu is far from the coast or a river.

    “The findings are interesting because the site is between two towns — Somangalam and Manimangalam — important since the pre-historic era,” said former deputy superintending archaeologist K Sridharan.

    It was a tip by a villager, engaged in sand-mining on a dry lake bed, that took the team to the site where it found artefacts of the Sangam Age (between 3rd century BCE and 4th century CE) and some from ancient Rome. Among them, the archaeologists said, were black-and-red ware, black ware, red slipped ware, double slipped ware, broken handles of vessels, hopscotch and lid knob.

    Brick from Sangam Age also found

     We also found two shreds that formed the base of a conical jar. The conical jar is an imitation of the Romans’ amphorae and is indigenously made,” said assistant professor Koshy. Also found was an old brick structure, reportedly from the Sangam Age. Each brick, it was found, was 31cm long, 20.5cm wide and 7.5cm thick.
     

    The dry lake bed is being exploited by sand miners with earth movers, the archaeologists said, adding that unless checked it could destroy rare evidence to trace the cultural history from the early historic period or Sangam Age. The site should be preserved for further research and excavation that could help throw light on the importance of the village during the Sangam Age, structural activities and trade contacts during the Age.’

    Reference and Citation.
  • Bhagavatha Skanda Purana Identify Kumari Kandam

    When one goes through the History of ancient India in detail by checking up various texts in  all the languages o India, especially the  ancient ones like Sanskrit and Tamil one finds that they corroborate each other.

    Tamils, an ancient people of India, though followers of Hinduism have  a distinct identity o their own and have influenced the practices of Sanatana Dharma to such an extent that some Vedic practices have been modified  by the Rishis  and these practices are being followed by the  people from the South  of Vindhyas.

    2d606-kumarikandam1
    Kumari Kandam ,The Sunken Continent

    The Rishi was Apasthamba and the wearing of Mangal Sutra was introduced from the Tamil Culture to Vedic Marriages.

    Through the canards of  Aryan Invasion and the myth that Tamils were against Sanskrit and Sanatana Dharma, facts point to the act that each support and corroborate the other.

    Please read my articles on these subjects.

    While the reference to Lord Subrahmanya as Skanda in Vedas is sketchy the Tamils worship Murugan, name meaning unsurpassed Beauty, was carried to such heights that he is credited with Lord Shiva and Sage Agastya as the founder of the  Tamil Language.

    Lord Murugan has temples all over Tamil Nadu and one o the earliest temples in Pondicherry Saluvarkuppam is dated around 300 BC!

    His six special temples called Arupadai Veedu, Six houses wich show the correct Path are in Tamil Nadu.

    One of these is in Tiruchendur in Tamil Nadu on the eastern coast.

    He is reported to have won Sura Padma and killed him from here.

     

    Note that Kumarikandam lies in that area.

    ‘In the 19th century, a section of the European and American scholars speculated the existence of a submerged continent calledLemuria, to explain geological and other similarities between Africa, India and Madagascar. A section of Tamil revivalists adapted this theory, connecting it to the Pandyan legends of lands lost to the ocean, as described in ancient Tamil and Sanskrit literature. According to these writers, an ancient Tamil civilization existed on Lemuria, before it was lost to the sea in a catastrophe. In the 20th century, the Tamil writers started using the name “Kumari Kandam” to describe this submerged continent. Although the Lemuria theory was later rendered obsolete by the continental drift (plate tectonics) theory, the concept remained popular among the Tamil revivalists of the 20th century. According to them, Kumari Kandam was the place where the first two Tamil literary academies (sangams) were organized during the Pandyan reign. They claimed Kumari Kandam as the cradle of civilization to prove the antiquity of Tamil language and culture.”

    Kumari Kandam is detailed in ancient Tamil Literature in detail, including the Cilappadikaram and Manimekalai.

    They record that, as the Sangam Literature does, that the Kumarikandam was destroyed by a Tsunami.

    Kumarikandam is proved.

    Please check my articles on this.

    Skanda Purana deals with Lord Subrahmanya’s birth and exploits.

    This also mentions Kumrikandam thus.

    ‘”Within Bhārata-varṣa, there are nine khaṇḍas. They are known as (1) Aindra, (2) Kaśeru, (3) Tāmraparṇa, (4) Gabhastimat, (5) Kumārikā, (6) Nāga, (7) Saumya, (8) Vāruṇa and (9) Gāndharva.”

     

    CC Antya 2.10, Translation and Purport:

    People from all over the universe, including the seven islands, the nine khaṇḍas, the planets of the demigods, Gandharvaloka and Kinnaraloka, would go there in the forms of human beings.

    For an explanation of sapta-dvīpa, see Madhya-līlā, Chapter Twenty, verse 218, and Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam, Fifth Canto, Chapters Sixteen and Twenty. In the Siddhānta-śiromaṇi, Chapter One (Golādhyāya), in the Bhuvana-kośa section, the nine khaṇḍas are mentioned as follows:

    aindraṁ kaśeru sakalaṁ kila tāmraparṇam
    anyad gabhastimad ataś ca kumārikākhyam
    nāgaṁ ca saumyam iha vāruṇam antya-khaṇḍaṁ
    gāndharva-saṁjñam iti bhārata-varṣa-madhye,’

    ‘Kumari Kandam is described as the kingdom of the Earth in theAndakosappadalam section of Kanda Puranam.’

    Aindram a Grammatical work of the early Tamils was destroyed.

    This might be from the land mass Aindra.

    Tamraparnam might mean the early Tamisl 47 Kingdoms.

    River Tamraparni still flows in Thirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu.

    This river lowed, in earlier times to further south  and joined the sea in Kumarikndam as the now defunct  ancient River Pahruli.

    References and citation.

    http://vaniquotes.org/wiki/Within_Bharata-varsa,_there_are_nine_khandas._They_are_known_as_(1)_Aindra,_(2)_Kaseru,_(3)_Tamraparna,_(4)_Gabhastimat,_(5)_Kumarika,_(6)_Naga,_(7)_Saumya,_(8)_Varuna_and_(9)_Gandharva

     

    https://ramanisblog.in/2015/03/03/lemuria-kumari-kandam-verified-different-landmass/

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumari_Kandam

     

     

     

  • Ninety Nine Flowers One Ancient Tamil Poem Kurinjip Paattu

    Tamils were an advanced civilization when the Western civilization was in its infancy.

    The date of Tamil Sangam  has been pushed back by about 20,000 years, consequent to the finding of fresh evidence at Poompuhar,Tamil Nadu.

     

    Kurinji Flower listed in Tamil poem
    N Native Shrub Photo: Rajan Medhekar Common name: Kurinji, Kurunji, Neelakurinji • Hindi: कुरिंजी Kurinji • Tamil: நீலக்குரிஞ்சி Neelakkurinji Botanical name: Strobilanthes kunthiana Family: Acanthaceae (Acanthus family)

     

     

    Image Credit.http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Kurinji.html

     

    Even this is not correct as there is a site in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India which is dated about a Million Years!

    Million Year Old Tamil Site

    Tami language is believed to have been founded by Lord Shiva and nurtured by Lord Subrahmanya and sage Agastya.

    Shiva is reported to have written the first Grammar book in Tamil , which deals with personal aspect of Life, called Agam., Iraiyanar Agap Porul.(Matters of the Heart)

    This book has been lost in the sands of Time.

    Then came Agathiyam by Sage Agastya.

    Even this was lost during a  great Tsunami.

    Later came the Tholkaappiyam,which is now regarded as the first book in Tamil.

    This deals with Tamil Grammar and Tamils life.

    Land mass was divided into Five parts and each has been assigned area,based on climate and each has been ascribed with flora and fauna.

    Each area has been assigned specific  specific style of Living.

    Life was categorized into two parts.

    Personal and social.

    Love comes under the category of personal, Agam, meaning that which relates to heart.

    Tamil Sangam literature speak on both Agam and Puram (social)

    Kurinjippaatu , is  a part of Pathinenkeeezh kanakku( anthology of Eighteen)

    This was written by Kapilar under Agam Cassification

    This poem list Ninety Nine Flowers in One Poem!

    This gives one a fair idea about how our ancestors were familiar with Plant taxonomy.

    As a matter of record the taxonomy more or less matches with what is being practiced today and in some cases our version is better in terms of Classification of Plants.

    I shall be writing on this in detail.

    Vedic Literature also speaks of this classification and a detailed article follows.

    Please read my article on Sanatana Dharma Botany.

    No to the List of Flowers in Kurinjippaatu by Kapilar.

    ‘வள் இதழ்
    ஒண் செங் காந்தள், ஆம்பல், அனிச்சம்,
    தண் கயக் குவளை, குறிஞ்சி, வெட்சி,
    செங் கொடுவேரி, தேமா, மணிச்சிகை,
    உரிது நாறு அவிழ் தொத்து உந்தூழ், கூவிளம்,  65
    எரி புரை எறுழம், சுள்ளி, கூவிரம்,
    வடவனம், வாகை, வான் பூங் குடசம்,
    எருவை, செருவிளை, மணிப் பூங் கருவிளை,
    பயினி, வானி, பல் இணர்க் குரவம்,
    பசும்பிடி, வகுளம், பல் இணர்க் காயா,  70
    விரி மலர் ஆவிரை, வேரல், சூரல்,
    குரீஇப் பூளை, குறுநறுங் கண்ணி,
    குருகிலை, மருதம், விரி பூங் கோங்கம்,
    போங்கம், திலகம், தேங் கமழ் பாதிரி,
    செருந்தி, அதிரல், பெருந் தண் சண்பகம்,  75
    கரந்தை, குளவி, கடி கமழ் கலி மா,
    தில்லை, பாலை, கல் இவர் முல்லை,
    குல்லை, பிடவம், சிறுமாரோடம்,
    வாழை, வள்ளி, நீள் நறு நெய்தல்,
    தாழை, தளவம், முள் தாள் தாமரை,  80
    ஞாழல், மௌவல், நறுந் தண் கொகுடி,
    சேடல், செம்மல், சிறுசெங்குரலி,
    கோடல், கைதை, கொங்கு முதிர் நறு வழை,
    காஞ்சி, மணிக் குலைக் கள் கமழ் நெய்தல்,
    பாங்கர், மராஅம், பல் பூந் தணக்கம்,  85
    ஈங்கை, இலவம், தூங்கு இணர்க் கொன்றை,
    அடும்பு, அமர் ஆத்தி, நெடுங் கொடி அவரை,
    பகன்றை, பலாசம், பல் பூம் பிண்டி,
    வஞ்சி, பித்திகம், சிந்துவாரம்,
    தும்பை, துழாஅய், சுடர்ப் பூந் தோன்றி,  90
    நந்தி, நறவம், நறும் புன்னாகம்,
    பாரம், பீரம், பைங் குருக்கத்தி,
    ஆரம், காழ்வை, கடி இரும் புன்னை,
    நரந்தம், நாகம், நள்ளிருள் நாறி,
    மா இருங் குருந்தும், வேங்கையும், பிறவும்,  95
    அரக்கு விரித்தன்ன பரு ஏர்அம் புழகுடன்,

    For images of flowers please refer the Link.

    https://karkanirka.org/2009/04/23/99tamilflowers_index/

    An excellent site.

    You may visit the following Link as well

    https://karkanirka.org/2009/04/23/99tamilflowers_fotosource/

     

    Note on Tamil Literature.

    The Sangam period is the period in the history of ancient southern India (known as the Tamilakam) spanning from c. 300 BCE to 300 CE. This collection contains 2381 poems composed by 473 poets, some 102 of whom remain anonymous. The period during which these poems were composed is called the Sangam period, referring to the prevalent Sangam legends claiming literary academies lasting thousands of years, giving the name to the corpus of literature. Sangam literature is primarily secular, dealing with everyday themes in a Tamilakam context…..

    The poems belonging to Sangam literature were composed by Tamil poets, both men and women, from various professions and classes of society. These poems were later collected into various anthologies, edited, and with colophons added by anthologists and annotators around 1000 AD..

    Sangam poems falls into two categories: the ‘inner field’ (Agam – அகம்), and the ‘outer field'(Puram – புறம்) as described even in the first available Tamil grammar, the Tolkappiyam.

    The ‘inner field’ topics refer to personal or human aspects, such as love and sexual relationships, and are dealt with in a metaphorical and abstract manner. The ‘outer field’ topics discuss all other aspects of human experience such as heroism, valour, ethics, benevolence, philanthropy, social life, and customs.

    The available literature from this period was categorized and compiled in the 10th century into two categories based roughly on chronology. The categories are: Pathinenmaelkanakku (The Major Eighteen Anthology Series; பதினெண்மேல்கணக்கு) comprisingEṭṭuttokai (The Eight Anthologies ;எட்டுத்தொகை) and the Pattupattu (Ten Idylls; பத்துப்பாட்டு) and Pathinenkilkanakku (The Minor Eighteen Anthology Series;பதினெண்கீழ்கணக்கு

    This is in addition to the Five Epics

    Cilappatikāram (“The Tale of an Anklet”) 

    Manimekalai is a 5th-century Buddhist epic created by Sithalai Sathanar during the 5th century. 

    Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi, an epic of the 10th century CE was written by Thiruthakka Thevar, a Jain monk. 

    Kuṇṭalakēci is now lost, but quotations from it and found from references used by authors who had access to the classic.

    Vaḷaiyāpati is another lost work, although it is unclear whether it is a Buddhist or Jain.

  • Were The Vedic People Literate

    One of the strengths of Sanatana Dharma is its Oral tradition of transmitting texts, both Philosophical and Scientific.

    But the sheer volume defies imagination.

    brah11
    Ancient scripts, Origin

    “With Thirty Million  Manuscripts existing even today,Sanskrit is the oldest Language of the world and the Rig Veda which is in Sanskrit is the oldest literature of the world”

    .Thirty Million Manuscripts Seven Hundred Poetic Meters  Sanskrit

    Is it possible for any race to transmit such a large volume only by Oral tradition?

    Could the people of Ancient India, of Sanatana Dharma, Bharatvarsha Read and Write?

    Western Scholars think it s possible and declare that the ancient Indians had Super Memories!

    phrase_sanskrit
    Evolution of South Asian Scripts.

    For this is convenient to deny at a later stage and declare that such a feat is impossible and hence the such oral traditions are a myth and hence can be dismissed as interpolations and a latest date may be assigned to them

    The fact that one finds Sanskrit Brahmi, and Tamil Brahmi were found in Indus Valley civilizations..

    This at the latest is dated at 3000 to 5000 BC

    And the finding of Kannada Brahmi in Karnataka.

    And Tamil Sangam Literature speaks of the Vedas, its texts.

    Consider the Mathematical , Biological, Astronomy,Genetics, texts which involve writing of the highest order.

    Imagine building, for example,The Thanjavur Big Temple or any other Temples and structures which could not  have been built with ot written calculations and drawings

    And,

    ‘western scholars of Indology said:
    “Entire absense of writing, reading, paper, or pen in vedas, or during Brahamana period and complete silence in Sutra period(When art of writing was beginning to be known), the whole Literature of India was preserved in oral tradition only”

    Weber who wants to bring all history to later than Biblical period admits:
    “Europe has 10,000 sanskrit texts and considering that we have tens of thousands which the parsimony of karma has hithherto withheld form Museums and libraries of Europe, what a memory must have been their!.”

    Indian super Memory
    The Immemorial practice with students of sanskrit literature has been to commit to memory the various subjects of their study and this practice of oral tradition has preserved the ancient Vedic texts. This fact has led Western Indology scholars to surmise that writing was unknown in the earliest period of Indian Civilization and that the later forms of the alphabet were not of pure Indian growth.

    So According to these Western Indology Scholars, Indians have Super Human Memory. By Which they can not only memorize scores of documents, but they can also transmit through generations. Wow!, Who said science fiction is 20th century Stuff.

    We are looking at this question. Did writing existed prior to Mauryas?

    Panini
    Panini is best known grammarian of India. Muller says that there is no single term in the panini terminology which presupposes the existence of writing. So we go to find out.

    Panini almost singlehandendly brought together the classical sanskrit grammer. He mentions Grantha the equivalent for written or bound book in the later days in India. For Max Muller Granta mean simply a composition, which is handed down the generation by oral tradition. In short Panini is illiterate and somehow he produced one of the most eloborate and scientific set grammer ever known to mankind till today.Remember Panini has given 3996 rules for Classical Sanskrit Grammar.

    Writing in Literature
    Classical Sanskrit Literature

    The direct reference to writing classical sanskrit according to Indologists in literature are found to be in the Dharmasutra of Vasistha, which Dr.Buhler thinks, was composed around 8th century BC. Some scholars will assign this work 4th century BC as well.Astadhyayi of panini contains such compounds as Lipikara and Libikara, which evidently mean writer. The date of panini is not fixed, prof.Goldstucker puts him 8th century BC, others put him in 4 the century BC. The Vedic works contain technical terms like aksara, kanda, patala, grantha and the like, which is clear indication of writing. Of course Indology scholars wont accept them.

    Buddhist age

    There are quite a large number of passages in the SriLanka’s Tipitaka, which bear witness to an acquaintance with writing and to its extensive use.

    At the time when Buddhist cannons were composed. Lekha and Lekhaka are mentioned in the Bhikkhu pacittiya and Bhikkhuni pacittiya.

    In the Jatakaas, constant meniton is made of letters being written. The Jatakas know of proclamations.

    Epic Age
    Epics contains archaic expressions such as likh, Lekha, Lakhaka, Lekhana but not lipi, which some scholars think is foriegn orgin. So Writing was known in Epic Age.

    Vedic Literature
    We find clear evidence in wide spread use of writing in the vedic period. Written documents are mentioned as legal documents.

    Scripts
    Brahmi

    The earliest surviving written record other than Indus script is Piprawa vase inscription discovered by Colonel Claxton peppe. This Inscription is a prakrit before the prakrits of magadhi or sourasheni developed, so differently interpreted. This is dated to early part of 5th century BC.

    Next comes Sohaura Copper plate , which Dr.Smith puts before Ashoka by 50 years.

    The Inscriptions of Ashoka is all over India. This shows that Writing was well used in Royal courts and the writting was well understood by common people.

    Dr.Weber came with view that Brahmi is borrowed from South Arab tribe. But this has been dismissed by Dr. Buhler.

    Buhler Identified certain Brahmi letters were identical to 9th-7th BC century Inscriptions found in Assyria. One third of 23 Alphabets are identical to Brahmi letters. This Indologists suggestions that the Brahmi letters were derived from these letters from all Indology scholars including Buhler. But we have to note that the tribes in question are belonging belonging to Indian Tribe. This script traveled from India to Middle east.

    Jain Stupa unearthed at the Kankali Tila site of Mathura regarded by Vincent Simith as the oldest known stupa then (Before Indus valley sites were discovered). Smith dated it to be 600 BC for erection. Dr.Fuhrer who supervised the excavation found out that it contained a inscription Deva Stupa in a script, so old that it was forgotten.

    Indus Script
    Indus Script has 250-500 characters. Some of the Seals seems to be Bilingual with Indus script next to the symbols. Seeming symbols to be for traders from other languages. So Indus valley is literate culture.”

    So the Ancient Indians knew Reading and writing and transmitted Vedic Texts orally to ensure that they are not destroyed.

    Citation and reference..

    http://controversialhistory.blogspot.in/2012/11/was-ancient-india-literate-super-human.html

    Image of ancient scripts Credit.

    http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/evolalpha.html

    http://www.ancientscripts.com/brahmi.html

  • Uttarayana Festival By The Tamils Vadavazhi Vizha

    Tamil and Sanatana Dharma walked hand in hand together, contrary to the misinformation that the Tamils were inimical to Sanatana Dharma .

    I have recorded facts from History that how Tamils were a part of Sanatana Dharma, with additional contributions from them,Tamil Kings took part in the Marriages/Wars in the North of Vindhya Mountains.

    Tamils celebrated the Lifting of Govardhan Giri by Lord Krishna by alluding to it through the Indra Vizha, The Festival for Indra.

    219465-solstice
    Position of Sun during Uttarayana, Dakshinayana.

    This has been documented in earlier Tamil Sangam Works and in detail in the Silappadikaaram.

    The Vedic Gods, Subrahmanya, Devi, Varuna,Vishnu and Indra were worshiped, assigning each of them to a unique terrain.

    Vaadai Vizha or Vadavazhi Vizha, the festival of welcoming the Lord Surya back to home, as He turns northward, celebrated on December 21/22 (Winter Solstice) (the sixth day of Panmizh[Maargazhi]). It is sung about in Akanauruanthology.

     

     

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    Uttarayana

    Uttarayana.

    The Surya Siddhanta defines Uttarāyaṇa (उत्तरायण, উত্তরায়ণ, ઉત્તરાયણ), or Uttarayan as the period between the Makara Sankranti(which currently occurs around January 14) and Karka Sankranti (which currently occurs around July 16). The term Uttarayana is derived from two different Sanskrit words “uttara” (North) and “ayana” (movement) thus indicating a semantic of the northward movement of the Sun on the celestial sphere. This movement begins to occur a day after the winter solstice in December which occurs around 22 December and continues for a six-month period through to the summer solstice around June 21 (dates vary ). This difference is because the solstices are continually precessing at a rate of 50 arcseconds / year due to the precession of the equinoxes, i.e. this difference is the difference between the sidereal and tropical zodiacs. The Surya Siddhanta bridges this difference by juxtaposing the four solstitial and equinotial points with four of the twelve boundaries of the rashis.

    Citation and Reference.

    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangam_period