Ramanisblog

Tag: Sanatana Dharma

  • Sleeping Saptha Rishis In Tombs Quran?

    Understanding History is an arduous task.

    Seven Sleepers,Byzantine Tombs.jpg Seven Sleepers,Byzantine Tombs.Saptha Rishis?

    One must remember that when we record our present times to Posterity and if they were to read it, how would they understand it, if the posterity emerged after a deluge ,were recovering and were evolving from the primitive to the advanced level of Civilisation?

    If their knowledge base is limited they would call all our recorded facts as Myths ,legends or stories born of a vivid imagination.

    As and when they advance technologically and culturally, they would understand the events narrated by us as facts, albeit grudgingly, as no one wants to believe that te other one’s superior.

    Sene Rishis,Saptha Rishis being rescued by Matsya Avatar of Vishnu.jpg Matsya,Fish rescues the Saptarishi and Manu from the great Deluge. Image credit. “The fish avatara of Vishnu saves Manu during the great deluge” by Ramanarayanadatta astri – http://archive.org/details/mahabharata02ramauoft. Licensed under Public Domain via Commons – https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_fish_avatara_of_Vishnu_saves_Manu_during_the_great_deluge.jpg#/media/File:The_fish_avatara_of_Vishnu_saves_Manu_during_the_great_deluge.jpg

    Apply the same Logic to our understanding of our past.

    We are the same as any one else in this respect.

    History is a process of exploration and one tries to understand it with available resources by interpreting them with our knowledge base.

    I am trying to piece together such information which has been brushed aside as such by dismissing them as Myths.

    But the evidence from archeology, astronomy and other sources force me  not to dismiss such things as Myths.

    I have been posting articles on these lines, whether it be,

    Tiruvannamalai,India being 3 Billion Years old,

    Tirupati 2200 Million Years  old,

    Sanatana Dharma spread over the world.

    Arabaia was Aravastan,

    Mecca and Kaaba were Shiva temple,

    Noah is the descendant of Manu,

    Vedas ( Rig Veda) were composed in te Arctic,

    Krishna’s son built a city in Russia,

    Russsia was Sthree Varsha,

    There is a Russian version of the Vedas,

    and many more.

    Now, I had through a series of articles conveyed that Arabia was a part of Hindu Empire,Mecca was a Shiva Temple, Prophet Muhammad’s Uncle composed a Hymn on Lord Shiva, 786 is te Flipped OM,Sapthapathi custom of Vedic marriage was prevalent there and the Kings of Arabia were in the habit of awarding bards like the Tamil Kings…..

    Now some ting more.

    Hinduism talks of Seven Sages who do not die at the time of deluge.

    They are the ones who codify which Dharma is to be followed.

    They are Atri ,Bhrigu, Kuthsa, Vasishta, Gautama, Kasyapa and Angirasa.

    There are variations to these names.

    ‘

    Kashyapa, Atri, Vashista, Vishvamitra, Gautama Maharishi, Jamadagni and Bharadvaja.

    The names of the current Saptarshis are: Kashyapa, Atri, Vashista, Vishvamitra, Gautama Maharishi, Jamadagni and Bharadvaja. The Saptarishis keep changing for every Yuga. As per Hindu Shastras, there are four yugas: Krita Yuga / Sat Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dvapara Yuga and Kali Yuga. We are at present in the Kali Yuga, which will last for 432,000 years(we are in 5106 year now in 2015); Dvapara Yuga is twice Kali Yuga, Treta Yuga is thrice Kali Yuga and Krita Yuga is four times Kali Yuga. Over all, 4,320,000 years termed as 1 Chaturyuga. 1000 Chaturyugas make the day of 12 hours for Brahma(Creator) and during another 12 hours, Brahma takes rest and there is no creation during this period. Thus 1 day for Brahma constitutes 1000 Chaturyugas(= 4,320,000,000 years). Thus 1 year constitutes 360 x 4,320,000,000 = 1,555,200,000,000 years; lifespan of Brahma is 100 years = 100 x 1,555,200,000,000 = 155,520,000,000,000 years

    At the time of the deluge, The Matsya, Great Fish, ferried them in a boat, while Satyavrata Manu was instructed to meditate.

    Manu meditated in the Macarene Plateau in Madagascar,Please read my Post on this.

    These Rishis vary for each yuga, aeon.

    Saptha Rishis are also found in the Sky, The Great Bear.

    The legend of these Rishis are found in Russia as well.

    Evidence of seven sleeping men is found in the Koran.

     

    ‘

    It took many centuries of persecutions, wars and massacres for the polytheistic doctrine of trinity to eventually prevail in the Christian world; sura 18 reinstates the historical responsibilities of the early trinitarian church by taking us back to the dark ages of the beginning of the 2rd century when corrupted Christianity didn’t find any other solution but to kill people to impose the concept of Jesus’ deity.

    Mathematical signs hidden behind the story of the companions of the cave.

    Sura 18 tells us one of the most profound stories in the history of mankind: The companions of the cave fell asleep for three centuries before God awoke them. How many companions stayed in the cave has remained a historical enigma in the Quran that very few people have been able to solve decisively; I promise that it will be by the end of the article. One of the key questions is why is there so much importance given to their number as such a number could easily seem insignificant in itself? As usual in the Quran, there is a profoundly meaningful symbolical dimension hidden behind their number, and one of the goals of this study will be to decipher it, God willing.

    Why did they stay specifically “three hundred years and they add nine”, as the Quran puts it literally? We will explain why such a number is written in such a peculiar manner, and also show that the number of years is deeply related to the correct number of companions who remained in the cave.

    The story of the companions of the cave is a multiple meaning sign. The signs will, I believe, strengthen the faith of true believers;

    We will first propose to the reader to read attentively the beginning of sura 18; we will then comment in depth the verses following a logical path which will gradually lead to the unraveling what I believe is one of the great secret of the story of the companions of the cave.

    In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful,

    (18:1) Glory to God, the one who revealed the Book to His servant, and has not allowed in it any deviousness; (18:2) Straightforward, in order to warn about a terrible punishment that will impart from Him; and give good news to the believers who accomplish good deeds that a generous recompense awaits them,(18:3) In which they shall abide eternally. (18:4) And to warn those who say: “God has ascribed a son to Himself”. (18:5) They do not have in this regard any [sound] knowledge, nor do their forefathers. Grievous is the word that comes out of their mouths! All they say is nothing but a lie. (18:6) And you may torment yourself in grief keeping after their footsteps, if they happen not to believe in this narration. (18:7) Indeed, We have turned everything that there is on Earth into a means by which to embellish it, that we may test which one accomplishes the best deeds. (18:8) And indeed, We will make everything on it a barren land.(18:9) Why else have you thought that the companions of the Cave and Al Raqeem were among Our wondrous signs? (18:10) Once the youths retreated to the Cave, they then implored: “May the inherent mercy of your soul be bestowed upon us; help us conduct our affairs in the right way.” (18:11) We then veiled their ears in the Cave for a specific number of years. (18:12) We then awakened them to reveal which of the two groups best calculated how much time they remained. (18:13) We narrate to you this story with absolute truthfulness. Indeed they were youths who believed in their Lord and We increased their guidance. (18:14)We strengthened their hearts when they stood up and proclaimed: “Our Lord is the Lord of the heavens and the Earth. We will never invoke beside Him any other god. Assuredly, we would otherwise have uttered an enormity.” (18:15) These people of ours have set up gods beside Him. Why do they not bring forward any clear evidence to support them! And Who could possibly be more wicked than he who invents a lie about God? (18:16) And now that you have dissociated [yourself] from them and what they worship beside God, seek refuge in the Cave: Your Lord will bestow His mercy upon you, and will provide a solution regarding your [current] situation. (18:17) You can see the rising sun declining away from the right of their cave, and once it set, disappearing from them to the left, while they stand inside in the enclosed space. This is [indeed] among God’s signs. He whom Allah guides is rightly guided; but he whom He lets go astray, you cannot find any guardian to lead him on the Right Way. (18:18) And you [would] think that they [were] awake, while they [were] asleep. And We turn[ed] them over to the right, and to the left, their dog stretching his two forelegs at the entrance. If you had looked at them, you would have turned away from them in haste, as their [sight] would most assuredly have stricken you with terror. (18:19) And similarly, we resurrected them, so they would debate among themselves. One of them took the floor and said (lit. “a speaker among them said”): “How long did you remain [asleep]?”They [who were part of the first group] replied: “We remained [asleep] a day, or part of a day.” They [who were part of the second group] said: “Your Lord knows best how long you remained, so send one of you with this silver coin of yours to the city, and let him find out which food is best there, and bring you thereof some provisions; let him be cautious not to attract attention on any of you. (18:20) Indeed, if they happen to find out about you, they will stone you [to death], or revert you to their religion and in that case you will never attain felicity.” (18:21) And this is how We allowed the secret about them to come to light, in order for them to know that God’s promise is the truth, and that there is no doubt in it whatsoever regarding the [advent of the] Hour. When they had an argument with each other about their case, they said: “Build over them an edifice; their Lord has full knowledge about them”. Those who prevailed regarding their case said: “We will surely erect a place of worship (masjid) over them”. (18:22)They will [subsequently] say: “They were three, the fourth being their dog.”, while [others] will say: “Five, the sixth being their dog”, taking a guess about the hidden aspect of things; and they will say: “Seven, the eighth being their dog.” Say: “My Lord knows their number; none knows them except a few”. So do not argue with them except with a decisive argument, and do not seek information regarding them from anyone.(18:23) And do not ever say about anything: “I will certainly do that tomorrow”, (18:24) Except “If God so wills”. And remember your Lord when you forget and say: “May this guidance, O my Lord, draw me nearer”. (18:25) And they remained in their cave for three hundred solar years, and they add nine. (18:26)Say: “God knows best how long they [exactly] stayed (i.e. in addition to 309 years); to Him belongs the hidden aspect of the heavens and the Earth; how clearly He sees through it and hears! No one other than Him can serve as a Protector, and He doesn’t share anything in His judgment.”(18:27) And recite what has been revealed to you from the book of your Lord. Nothing can modify His words; you will find no refuge to protect you other than Him. (18:28) And may your soul be patient with those who call their Lord in the morning and the evening seeking His face, and do not let your eyes turn away from them, seeking the beauties of this worldly life, and do not obey the one whose heart we have made heedless of our remembrance and succumbed to his desires, while his affairs were driven to excess.

     

    References and Citations.

    http://www.ummulhasanaat.co.za/my-itikaaf-journey-to-the-forgotten-haram-2012-1433-part-1  Image credit.

    http://www.quranaloneislam.net/secret-of-the-7-sleepers Text Credit

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saptarishi

    Please read this article along with my articles on Mesopotamia, Sumeria.

  • Rig Yajur Sama Atharva Vedas Personified Images

     

    The scriptures of the Hindus, the Vedas, four in number, are the highest truths revealed to the seers.

    The refrain of the Vedas is self-realization.

    The core of the Vedas do not advocate Idol worship but a Higher Reality, Brahman , whose attributes are Being, Consciousness and Bliss-Sat, Chit and Ananda.

    However idol worship is allowed to concentrate the mind.

    The Four Vedas are.

    Rig Veda- consisting of Hymns.

    Yajur Veda, dealing with duties.

    Sama Veda, essentially the Rig Veda set to Tones.

    Atharva Veda, dealing with practical life, including Black Magic.

    Please read my posts on the Vedas and god with and without form.

    I have searched the images of the Vedas personified.

    I could not find them.

    I found them in Subrahmanya Samajam, Nallakunta, Hyderabad, where I had been to attend a function.

    Here they are.

     

     

     

     

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    The Yajur Veda personified
    The Yajur Veda Personified.

     

    Hindu scripture sama veda personified.
    Hindu scripture Sama veda personified.
    Hindu scripture Atharva veda personified.
    Hindu scripture Atharva veda personified.

  • Nine Landmass Ancient India Map Two Parts of Sanatana Dharma

    The Puranas , Ramayana ,Mahabharata and other ancient literature of india describe land mass of those ancient Vedic times.

    The number varies, 5/7/9 in some Puranas.

    Earth as described in the Hindu Purana.jpg Earth as described in the Hindu Purana.

    Essentially there were five and the others being the part of this and had been given the name based on geography ,produce and the nature of the people inhabiting the world.

    1.Jambu Dweepa, surrounded by Salt Sea.(lavana)

    2.Palaksha Dwipa, Surrounded by Sugar Cane Juice.(Ikshu)

    3.Salmali Dwipa, surrounded by a Sea of Wine(Sura)

    4.Kusa Dwipa, surrounded by a sea of Clarified Butter,Ghee(Sarpi)

    5Krauncha Dwipa , surrounded by a sea of Curds(Durghda)

    6.Pushkara is surrounded by a Sea of Fresh Water.

    Yo may read more here 

    ‘ North Pole was at the exact center of Ilavrita Varsha. To the west of Ilavrita varsha was said to be Ketumula Varsha most of which is today under Atlantic Ocean. To the east of Ilvarita Varsha was Bhadrasva Varsha which is today under Pacific Ocean. On one side of the Ilavrita Varsha were Hari Varsha, Kimpurusha Varsha and Bharatha Varsha. On the other side of the Ilavrita Varsha were Ramyaka, Hiranyaka and Kuru Varsha. Kuru Varsha was hence on the opposite side of Bharatha Varsha on the globe.
    It can be observed that in those times, most of South American continent, southern half of African Continent and entire Australia were submerged under water.[No, it is naiive to assume the areas designated were entirely above or below sea level. The Ancients referred to the lands below the equator as the “Underworld” and North of the Equator as “The Upper World”-DD] On the other hand most of modern day Atlantic ocean and Pacific ocean, and the entire Arctic ocean were above sea level. [The map in circular plan is one of the same series as the Ancient Sea Kings maps referenced to Babylon, I feel certain. The maps of this series are mostly postglacial and include a strait between Alaska and Siberia, and they do include a very extensive and exacting survey of China as noted by Charles Hapgood..-DD]’

    I have observed that there seems to have been two distinct areas where Sanatana Dharma was in place.

    One part seems to have been from the Arctic to Pacific  Ocean.

    Another extending from India towards the west of India, extending through the other areas, though real demarcation is not correct.

    It is akin to compartmentalising Mind as conscious , sub conscious and conscious

    They form an integral part.

    We compartmentalize for our convenience to understand them better.

    A part of Sanatana dharma was in place from the Arctic to the Pacific ocean running through Russia, Central India to Pacific.

    This consisted of South India, south asian Countries and extended to Pacific.

    Another part extended from the South of India towards the west of India running through Midddle east, Europe,Africa , Americas and culminating at the Arctic.

    There are some interesting differences between the two areas and I shall write on this later in detail

    I have taken references from Russian Legends, folklore ,history and the history of South India, as described in ancient Tamil literature and references in the Puranas ,Ramayana and Mahabharata.

    ‘In the Ancient Times India was called Bharathavarsha and it extended in the west including modern Egypt, Afghanistan, Baluchistan, Iran, Sumeria upto Caspian Sea (which was called Kashyapa Samudra in those days). Bhratahvarsha was the Greater India while Bharatha Khanda referred to the Indian Subcontinent which lies at the heart of the Vedic Civilization and extended from Himalayas in the north to KanyaKumari in the South. So the aryan invasion theory of a migration of Aryans from Central Asia to modern northern India is a baseless theory, for the entire ancient aryan civilizational geography spanned across the above mentioned regions. The very term “arya” in Sanskrit refers not to any race, but actually means a “noble person”.
    The Puranas and Ithihasas are full of historical developments in the Bharatha Varsha. The now dried up Saraswati river mentioned numerous times in the vedas is the heart of this vedic civilization, and it is from here the vedic civilization spread across the Bharatha Varsha during the vedic period. The “Out of India” theory talks about this. The Saraswati river dried up at the end of the Mahabharatha Period due to geological events in the region. It was around this time that the earlier lush green area of the present Rajasthan had got converted into a desert as we see it today.
    During the ancient times Arabian sea did not exist, and the land mass stretched continuously from modern India to Africa. The mighty Saraswati river born in the Himalayas flowed for over 4500 miles into Africa before entering the Oceans. This was the largest and longest river in those days. This is the most mentioned and praised river in the Veda’

    Citations.

    http://frontiers-of-anthropology.blogspot.in/search/label/Arctic%20Origin%20of%20the%20Vedas

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  • Beef Eating Allowed in The Vedas Mahabharata?

    There has been reports of a Man belonging to Muslim community being beaten by a mob for eating Beef.

    In this connection I received a mail  as follows.

    ‘I saw this post in FB.  Though I do agree that lynching someone for suspecting eating of beef is quire unacceptable.  But the quotes in the post, seems to take a distorted view of our scriptures.  Would you pl enlighten on this topic ?’

    The mail detailed quotes from the Mahabharata and the Upanishads that people, even rishis wee eating beef ding the Sanatana dhama period.

    My view is that it looks that people were eating meat during the Vedic period.

    I have provided  quotes which indicate meat-eating and those that prohibit it.

    The explanations trying to explain away beef eating seems to me laboured and lack conviction.

    Cow Being worshiped. Cow Being worshiped.

    Another point often made in this connection is that the animal slain in the Yagnya were given life , they reached Heaven.

    Bt the point is they were slain!

    On consideration it looks to me that people were eating meat/beef and later it was prohibited.

    A society has all sorts of people, some good, some bad and some indifferent.

    One should remember that Vedic people were also humans  and were open to Human foibles.

    We had Rama and Ravana;Kishna and Kamsa, Sakuni, Yudhishta and Duyodhana and Duchchatana.

    Mahabharata and Ramayana are facts , Valmiki and Vyasa ecoded facts.

    Had they wanted they could have painted Rama without blemish(killing Vali) , Krishna with out His Machiavellian schemes to win the Mahabharata War.

    They portrayed society as it was.

    As they people rose spiritually and found higher values they changed their Lifestyle and values.

    Just as condemning everything modern is wrong, it is equally incorrect to say that whatever the Vedic people did was right.

    And our mission should be to take what is Right in relation to Lifestyle  and advanced scientific concepts.

    And savour the treasure called Hinduism…

    The path to Realization as explained by the Upanishads.

    Cow worshiped , Beef eating prohibited in Vedas.

    ”

    Aghnyeyam saa vardhataam mahate soubhagaaya

    Rigveda 1.164.27
    Cow – The aghnya – brings us health and prosperity

    Suprapaanam Bhavatvaghnyaayaah
    Rigveda 5.83.8
    There should be excellent facility for pure water for Aghnya Cow

    Yah paurusheyena kravishaa samankte yo ashwena pashunaa yaatudhaanah

    Yo aghnyaayaa bharati ksheeramagne teshaam sheershaani harasaapi vrishcha
    Rigveda 10.87.16

    Those who feed on human, horse or animal flesh and those who destroy milk-giving Aghnya cows should be severely punished.

    Vimucchyadhvamaghnyaa devayaanaa aganma
    Yajurveda 12.73
    The Aghnya cows and bulls bring you prosperity

    Bhagavata Purana:

    “Those who are ignorant of real dharma and, though wicked and haughty, account themselves virtuous, kill animals without any feeling of remorse or fear of punishment. Further, in their next lives, such sinful persons will be eaten by the same creatures they have killed in this world.” (Bhagavata Purana 11.5.14)

    Beef eating in Vedas.

    Rigveda (10/85/13) declares, “On the occasion of a girl’s marriage oxen and cows are slaughtered.”
    Fact: The mantra states that in winter, the rays of sun get weakened and then get strong again in spring. The word used for sun-rays in ‘Go’ which also means cow and hence the mantra can also be translated by making ‘cow’ and not ‘sun-rays’ as the subject. The word used for ‘weakened’ is ‘Hanyate’ which can also mean killing. But if that be so, why would the mantra go further and state in next line (which is deliberately not translated) that in spring, they start regaining their original form.

    How can a cow killed in winter regain its health in spring? This amply proves how ignorant and biased communists malign Vedas.
    Claim: Rigveda (6/17/1) states that “Indra used to eat the meat of cow, calf, horse and buffalo.”

    Fact: The mantra states that brilliant scholars enlighten the world in the manner that wood enhances the fire of Yajna. I fail to understand from where did Avtar Gill and his friends discover Indra, cow, calf, horse and buffalo in this mantra!”

    Narada said, ‘Rantideva, the son of Srinjaya, we hear, fell a prey to death. That high-souled king had two hundred thousand cooks to distribute excellent food, raw and cooked, like unto Amrita, unto the Brahmanas, by day and by night, who might come to his house as guests. 1 The king gave away unto the Brahmanas his wealth acquired by righteous means. Having studied the Vedas, he subjugated his foes in fair fight. Of rigid vows and always engaged in due performance of sacrifices, countless animals, desirous of going to heaven, used to come to him of their own accord. 2 So large was the number of animals sacrificed in the Agnihotra of that king that the secretions flowing from his kitchen from the heaps of skins deposited there caused a veritable river which from this circumstance, came to be called theCharmanwati. 3 He, incessantly gave away nishkas of bright gold unto the Brahmanas, ‘I give thee nishkas.’ ‘I give thee nishkas,’ these were the words incessantly uttered by him. ‘I give thee,’ ‘I give thee’ saying these words he gave away thousands of nishkas. And once again, with soft words to the Brahmanas, he gave away nishkas. Having given away, in course of a single day, one crore of such coins, he thought that he had given away very little. And, therefore, he would give away more. Who else is there that would be able to give what

    p. 130

    he gave? The king gave away wealth, thinking, If I do not give wealth in the hands of Brahmanas, great and eternal grief, without doubt, will be mine.’ For a hundred years, every fortnight, he gave unto thousands of Brahmanas a golden bull into each, followed by a century of kine and eight hundred pieces of nishkas. All the articles that were needed for his Agnihotra, and all that were needed for his other sacrifices, he gave away unto the Rishis, including Karukas 1 and water-pots and plates and beds and carpets and vehicles, and mansions and houses, and diverse kinds of trees, and various kinds of viands. Whatever utensils and articles Rantideva possessed were of gold. They that are acquainted with the history of ancient times seeing the superhuman affluence of Rantideva, sing this song, viz., ‘We have not seen such accumulated treasures even in the abode of Kuvera; what need be said, therefore, of human beings?’ And people wonderingly said, Without doubt, the kingdom of Rantideva is made of gold. 2 On such nights, when guests were assembled in the abode of Rantideva, one and twenty thousand kine were sacrificed (for feeding them). And yet the royal cook adorned with begemmed ear-rings, had to cry out, saying, ‘Eat as much soup as you like, for, of meat, there is not as much today as in other days. Whatever gold was left belonging to Rantideva, he gave even that remnant away unto the Brahmanas during the progress of one of his sacrifices. In his very sight the gods used to take the libations of clarified butter poured into the fire for them, and the Pitris the food that was offered to them, in Sraddhas. And all superior Brahmanas used to obtain from him (the means of gratifying) all their desires. When he died, O Srinjaya, who was superior to thee in respect of the four cardinal virtues and who, superior to thee was, therefore, much superior to thy son, thou shouldst not, saying, ‘Oh, Swaitya, Oh, Swaitya,’ grieve for the latter who performed no sacrifice and made no sacrificial present.’”

    Footnotes

    129:1 The Bengal reading of the second line of the second verse is vicious. At any rate, the Bombay reading is better.

    129:2 Animals slain in sacrifices are believed to go to heaven.

    Citations.

    http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m07/m07064.htm

    http://www.thespiritualscientist.com/2012/01/do-the-vedic-literature-allow-meat-eating-did-hinduism-adopt-vegetarianism-from-buddhism/

    http://agniveer.com/no-beef-in-vedas/

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  • Veda Shakhas Brahmin Distribution Region wise

    Vedas, the basic referral text of Hindus is a highly organized one.

    There are four Vedas, Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva Veda.

    Each Veda has four divisions,

    Samhitas or Hymns.

    Texts of Sanatana Dharma, Hinduism.png Texts of Sanatana Dharma, Hinduism.

    Brahmanas, Rituals.

    Aranyakas, to be recited in the forest and

    Upanishads, containing the highest Knowledge of Reality, Brahman.

    Veda has  two sub divisions.

    Shukla and Krishna Yajur.

    These Hymns have Sukhthas in them which are in praise of  Deities and they are also explanation of Cosmology.

    Some of them are also addressed to curing diseases .

    These texts have been classified by Rishis.

    Each Veda has many Branches. called Shakhas.

    ‘

    A shakha (Sanskrit śākhā, “branch” or “limb”), is a Hindu theological school that specializes in learning certain Vedic texts, or else the traditional texts followed by such a school.[3][4] An individual follower of a particular school or recension is called a śākhin.[5] The term is also used in Hindu philosophy to refer to an adherent of a particular orthodox system.

    A related term caraṇa, (“conduct of life” or “behavior”) is also used to refer to such a Vedic school:[7] “although the words caraṇa andśākhā are sometimes used synonymously, yet caraṇa properly applies to the sect or collection of persons united in one school, andśākhā to the traditional text followed, as in the phrase śākhām adhite, (“he recites a particular version of the Veda”)”.[4] The schools have different points of view, described as “difference of (Vedic) school” (śākhābhedaḥ). Each school would learn a specific VedicSaṃhita (one of the “four Vedas” properly so-called), as well as its associated Brahmana, Aranyakas, Shrautasutras, Grhyasutrasand Upanishads.

    The traditional source of information on the shakhas of each Veda is the Caraṇa-vyūha, of which two, mostly similar, versions exist: the 49th pariśiṣṭa of the Atharvaveda, ascribed to Shaunaka, and the 5thpariśiṣṭa of the Śukla (White) Yajurveda, ascribed to Kātyāyana. These have lists of the numbers of recensions that were believed to have once existed as well as those still extant at the time the works were compiled. Only a small number of recensions have survived.

    Rig Veda

    Śaunaka‘s Caraṇa-vyuha lists five shakhas for the Rig Veda, the Śākala, Bāṣkala, Aśvalāyana, Śaṅkhāyana, and Māṇḍukāyana of which only the Śākala and Bāṣkala are now extant. The Bashkala recension of the Rigveda has the Khilani which are not present in the Shakala text but is preserved in one Kashmir manuscript (now at Pune). The Shakala has the Aitareya-Brahmana, The Bashkala has the Kausitaki-Brahmana.

    There is, however, Sutra literature from the Aśvalāyana shakha, both a shrauta sutra and a grhya sutra, both surviving with a commentary (vrtti) by Gargya Naranaya. Gargya Naranaya’s commentary was based on the longer commentary or bhashya by Devasvamin, written in the 11th century.

    Yajur Veda

    Śaunaka‘s Caraṇa-vyuha lists forty-two or forty-four out of eighty-six shakhas for the Yajur Veda, but that only five of these are now extant, with a sixth partially extant. For the Yajur Veda the five (partially in six) shakhas are the (Vajasaneyi Madhandina, Kanva; Taittiriya, Maitrayani, Caraka-Katha, Kapisthala-Katha).

    The Yajurvedin shakhas are divided in Shukla (White) and Krishna (Black) schools. The White recensions have separate Brahmanas, while the Black ones have their(much earlier) Brahmanas interspersed between the Mantras.

    • Shukla Yajurveda: Vājasaneyi Samhita Madhyandina (VSM), Vājasaneyi Samhita Kānva (VSK): Shatapatha Brahmana (ShBM, ShBK)
    • Krishna Yajurveda: Taittirīya Saṃhita (TS) with an additional Brahmana, Taittiriya Brahmana (TB), Maitrayani Saṃhita (MS), Caraka-Katha Saṃhita (KS), Kapiṣṭhala-Katha Saṃhita (KapS).
    • Citation.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakha#Krishna

    for more on Vedas check my Posts by Googling Vedas ramanan50.

    Shukla

    Shakha Samhita Brahmana Aranyaka Upanishad
    Madhyandina (VSM) Currently recited by all over North Indian Brahmins and by Deshastha Brahmins Madhyandina Shatapatha (SBM) survives as Shatapatha XIV.1-8, with accents. Brihadaranyaka Upanishad= SBM XIV. 3-8, with accents, Ishavasya Upanishad = VSM 40
    Kanva (VSK) Currently recited by Utkala Brahmins, Kannada Brahmins, Karhade Brahmins and few Iyers Kanva Shatapatha (SBK)(different from madhyandina) survives as book XVII of SBK Brihadaranyaka Upanishad=SBK,with accents, Ishavasya Upanishad = VSK 40
    Katyayana – –

    Krishna

    Shakha Samhita Brahmana Aranyaka Upanishad
    Taittiriya TS,Present all over South India and in Konkan Taittiriya Brahmana (TB) and Vadhula Br. (part of Vadhula Srautrasutra) Taittiriya Aranyaka (TA) Taittiriya Upanishad (TU)
    Maitrayani MS,Recited by few Brahmins in Nasik – virtually same as the Upanishad Maitrayaniya Upanishad
    Caraka-Katha Katha Aranyaka (almost the entire text from a solitary manuscript) Kathaka Upanishad, Katha-Shiksha Upanishad
    Kapishthala KapS (fragmentary manuscript, only first sections accented), edited (without accents) by Raghu Vira. – –

    Sama Veda

    Śaunaka‘s Caraṇa-vyuha lists twelve shakhas for the Sama Veda out of a thousand that are said to have once existed, but that of these only one or perhaps two are still extant. The two Samaveda recensions are the Jaiminiya and Kauthuma.

    The Kauthuma shakha has the PB, SadvB, the Jaiminiya shakha has the Jaiminiya Brahmana.

    Shakha Samhita Brahmana Aranyaka Upanishad
    Kauthuma edited,Recited by all over North and in South India[citation needed] edited (8 Brahmanas in all), no accents None. The Samhita itself has the ‘Aranyaka’. Chandogya Upanishad
    Ranayaniya Manuscripts of Samhita exist.Recited byGokarna[disambiguation needed],and Deshastha Brahmins[citation needed] Same as Kauthuma with minor differences. None. The Samhita itself has the ‘Aranyaka’. Same as Kauthuma.
    Jaiminiya/Talavakara Samhita edited.Recited by Nambudiris and choliyal of Tamil nadu[citation needed] Two distinct styles of Saman recitation, partially recorded and published.[citation needed] Brahmana published (without accents) – Jaiminiya Brahmana, Arsheya Brahmana Tamil Nadu version of Talavakara Aranyaka (=Jaiminiya Upanishad Brahmana) published[citation needed] Kena Upanishad
    Shatyayana – –

    Atharva Veda

    Only one shakha of an original nine is now extant for the Atharvaveda. The nine sakhas were Paippalada, Tauda, Mauda, Shaunakiya, Jajala, Jalada, Brahmavada, Devadarsa and Chaarana-Vaidya.

    The Shaunaka is the only shakha of the Atharvaveda for which both printed texts and an active oral tradition are known to still exist.

    For the Atharvaveda, both the Shaunakiya and the Paippalada traditions contain textual corruptions, and the original text of the Atharvaveda may only be approximated from comparison between the two.

    Shakha Samhita Brahmana Aranyaka Upanishad
    Shaunaka AVS, edited and recited by all over North India and South India Fragmentary Gopatha Brahmana (extant and published), no accents. – Mundaka Upanishad (?) published.
    Paippalada AVP; recited by Utkala Brahmins as samhita patha only. otherwise, two manuscripts survive: Kashmiri (mostly edited) and Oriya (partly edited, by Dipak Bhattacharya and others, unaccented) lost,similar to that of Gopatha Brahmana – Prashna Upanishad, Sharabha Upanishad etc. – all edited.[citation needed]