Tag: Murugan

  • Siddha Bhogar China’s Lao Tsu Founder Taosim

    Siddha Bhogar China’s Lao Tsu Founder Taosim

    I am, as I have written earlier, researching into the worship of Shiva, whether He was a Pre Sanatana Dharma God a Human,,the Sanatan Dharma of the South of India predates the Sanatana Dharma, the Devi worship in the south.

    In the process I have come across some information which will be of interest to Readers.

    Bhogar, A Siddha worshiping Dandayuthapani Bhogar, A Siddha worshiping Dandayuthapani at Palani.

    One who reads Tamil Classics and bhakti movement, will notice that Shiva is approached with trepidation and awe, Murugan, Subrahmanya is called Muruga In Tamil, with Love, affection and worshiped as one would a child who is a Favourite, at the same time as Gnana Guru who taught Pranava to Lord Shiva.

    And there are Nava Siddhas, which may correspond to the Saptha Rishis of the Sanatana Dharma.

    Now to the point of Bhogar in China.

    Bhoga, along with Agastya is considered to be seniors among the Siddhas.

    Palani Subrahmanya Swamy Idol was installed by him with a special mixture of herbs, called Nava  Pashaana.

    This Idol is expected to last through the Kali Yuga, the present aeon described by Sanatana Dharma.

    Kālangi Nāthar was born in Kaśi (Benares). He attained the immortal state of swarūpa samādhi at the ago of 315, and then made China the center of his teaching activities. He belonged to the ancient tradition of Nava (‘nine’) Nāth (‘lords’) sadhus (ascetics), tracing their tradition to Lord Shiva.

    There are nine important shrines associated with this tradition, five of which are in the Himālaya Mountains: Amarnāth (where Shiva first taught Kriya Yoga to his Shakti partner, Parvati Devi), Kedarnāth, Badrināth (India), Kailāsanāth, (Tibet) and Paśupatināth (Nepal).

    Meanwhile, Bhoganāthar practiced Kundalini Yoga in four stages. The first three stages arc described in a later chapter on “The Psychophysiology of Kriya Kundalini Pranayama”. Bhoganāthar chose the Palani Malai (mountain) in what is now southwestern Tamil Nadu as the site for intensive yogic practice (tapas) for the final stage. He attained swarūpa samādhi at Palani, through the grace of Lord Muruga, or the eternal youth, “Kumāra Swāmi”.

    The Kumāraswāmi temple at Palani became the epicenter of his activities. He visited many countries astrally, and physically and through transmigration. In one of his songs Bhoganāthar claims to have flown to China at one point in a sort of airplane which he built: he held discussions with Chinese Siddhas before returning to India (Kailasapathy, 1969, p. 197-211). His visit to South America has been confirmed by accounts left by the Muycas of Chile:

    “Bocha, who gave laws to Muycas, was a white, bearded man, wearing long robes, who regulated the calendar, established festivals, and vanished in time like others (other remarkable teachers who had come across the Pacific according to numerous legends of Incas, Aztecs and Mayans).” (Lal 1965, p. 20).[2]

    He convened a meeting of many siddhas just before the beginning of the present Kali Yuga, in 3102 BC, to determine the best way for humanity to progress along the spiritual path during the coming period of darkness. The Yoga of love and devotion, Bhakti Yoga, was chosen as being the best means. Bhoganāthar was entrusted by the siddhas with the task of defining the rituals for the worship of their favorite deity “Palani Āndavar”, the Lord (Muruga) of Palani.

    Many rituals that center around the bathing (abhishekam) of an idol of Palani Āndavar with many substances, including panchaamirtam consisting of five fruits and honey, were developed by him and continue to be followed to this day. The idol had to be created from a substance that would last throughout Kali Yuga.

    The most resilient of known substances, granite, was known to wear and crack after thousands of such rituals. So Bhoganāthar fashioned it out of nine secret herbal and chemical ingredients, nava pashanam, which made it harder than granite. Eight of the ingredients were combined in a mold of the idol. The ninth, was added as a catalyst, to solidify it.

    In recent times the scientists who attempted to determine the composition of a small sample of the material of the idol, were startled to find that it immediately sublimated when heated. Thus its composition remains a mystery to date. The traces of the substance are contained in the ritual offerings in which it is bathed. When these are returned and consumed by the devotee, their spiritual progress is enhanced.

    A mission to China and transmigration

    Kālangi Nāthar decided to enter into samādhi in seclusion for 3,000 years. He summoned Bhoganāthar telepathically from Tamil Nadu to China to take over his mission. Bhoganāthar traveled by sea, following the trade route. In China, he was instructed by Kālangi Nāthar in all aspects of the Siddha sciences. These included the preparation and use of the kaya kalpa herbal formulae to promote longevity.

    After Kālangi Nāthar entered into trance, Bhoganāthar assumed his teaching mission to the Chinese. To facilitate this, he transmigrated his vital body into the physical body of a deceased Chinese man, and thereafter went by the name “Bo-Yang”. “Bo” is a derivation of the word “Bhogam” which means bliss, material and spiritual.

    This bliss, for which he was named “Bo-Yang” is experienced when the Kundalini shakti, the feminine primordial yin energy awakens, passes up to the crown of the head, the seat of Shiva, the masculine yang pole, in the Sahasra cakra at the summit of the head and unites with it. The result of this integration of feminine and masculine parts of the being, or union (“Yoga”) of Shakti and Shiva, Yin and Yang,is Satchidananda: Absolute Existence-Consciousness-Bliss.

    Transformation of his physical body

    Bhoganāthar decided to overcome the limitations of the Chinese body, with its degenerative tendencies, and prolong its life through the use of the kaya kalpa herbs long enough for the effect of Kriya Kundalini Pranayama and related yogic techniques to bring swarūpa samādhi. In his poem Bhogar Jñāna Sutra 8, verse number 4, he describes vividly what happened after carefully preparing a tablet using thirty five different herbs:

    With great care and patience I made the (kaya kalpa) tablet
    and then swallowed it:
    Not waiting for fools and skeptics
    who would not appreciate its hidden meaning and importance.
    Steadily I lived in the land of the parangis (foreigners)
    For twelve thousand years, my fellow!
    I lived for a long time
    and fed on the vital ojas (sublimated spiritual energy)
    With the ojas vindhu I received the name, Bhogar:
    The body developed the golden color of the pill:
    Now I am living in a world of gold

    (based upon translation by Yogi S.A.A. Ramaiah, 1979, p. 40-42).

    He chose three of his best disciples and his faithful dog, and took thorn to the top of a mountain. After first offering a tablet to the dog, the dog immediately fell over dead. He next offered it to his leading disciple, Yu, who also immediately fell over dead.

    After offering it to the two remaining disciples, who by this time were extremely nervous, and who promptly hid their tablets rather than swallow them, Bhoganāthar swallowed the remaining tablets and also fell over unconscious. Crying with grief, the two remaining disciples went down the mountain to get material to bury the bodies. When the disciples returned to the spot where the bodies had been left lying, all that was found was a note, in Bhoganāthar’s handwriting, which said:
    This kaya kalpa enabled Bhoganāthar to transform the Chinese body over a period of 12,000 years, during which time it developed a lustrous golden color. (The physiological transformation to the state of swarūpa samādhi was, however, completed only later, at Palani in the final phases of Kriya Kundalini Yoga and related practices. These phases will be described in chapter 11. Bhoganāthar’s own graphic description is recorded in the poem at the end of this chapter Initiation into Samādhi.)The kaya kalpa tablets are working.
    After awakening from their trance
    I restored faithful Yu and the dog.
    You have missed your chance for immortality. (Ibid.)

    In this poem Sutras of Wisdom — 8. he sings prophetically of the taking up of the practice of pranayama in modern times by millions of persons who would otherwise have succumbed to drug abuse:

    Will chant the unifying verse of the Vedanta.
    Glory to the holy feet of Uma (the Divine Mother of the Universe. Shakti),
    Will instruct you in the knowledge of the sciences, ranging from hypnotism to alchemy (kaya kalpa).
    Without the need for pills or tablets, the great scientific art of pranayama breathing, will be taught and recognized
    By millions of common people and chaste young women.
    Verse no. I (based upon translation by Yogi S.A.A. Ramaiah, 1982, p. 40).

    Becomes known as Lao-Tzu, founder of Taoism

    After this incident with the Chinese disciples, Bo-Yang became also known as Lao-Tzu, and was accessible for nearly 200 years, and trained hundreds of Chinese disciples in Tantric Yoga practices, wherein semen and sexual energies are conserved and sublimated into spiritual energies. The advanced techniques which he taught involve raising the energies from the mūladhāra cakra corresponding to the perineum up to the sahasraracakra during sexual intercourse with a spiritually minded partner, resulting in sublimated energy, tejas. manifesting throughout all the cells of the body. In the fifth century B.C., Confucius met Lao-Tzu Bo-Yang and afterwards said of him:

    I know a bird can fly, a fish can swim, and an animal can run. For that which runs, a net can be fashioned; for that which swims, a line can be strung. But the ascent of a Dragon on the wind into heaven is something which is beyond my knowledge. Today I have met Lao-Tzu, who is perhaps like a Dragon. Among the Chinese, particularly, the Taoists, the Dragon is the symbol of Kundalini Shakti, the primordial force.

    Citation.

    http://palani.org/bhogar-biography.htm

     

  • Murugan Kavadi In Harappa Amulet

    Bogus assertions that the Dravidians were different and  at war with SanatanaDharma notwithstanding, evidence keeps on piling up about the proximity of the two.

    Of the Vedic Gods, Vishnu, Devi,Varuna, Indra and Murugan(Subrahmanya) are found in ancient Tamil literture so much so that the second earliest book in Tamil Literature,the first Agathiyam was destroyed by the Great Flood,Tholkappiyam.

    Vishnu, called as Mayon, was the chief Deity of the geographical Division,Mullai, Forest Lands,

    Indra, for Marutham, Region surrounding arable fields,

    Varuna, for Neydhal, Sea shore,

    Kotravai(Durga), for Desert Lands and

    Murugan(Subrahmanya) for Kurinji, Mountainous area.

    Murugan was worshiped as Skanda in Vedas.

    Murugan Kavadi,Harappa.image
    Murugan Kavadi,Harappa

    Murugan was/is worshiped by the vow of carrying the ‘Kavadi’  by the Devotees ,to Him.

     

    Idumban requested that he remain forever at the portal of Murugan’s shrine. Murugan duly appointed Idumban as official gatekeeper at his temple and advised that henceforth all who worshipped Murugan with a Kavadi would first acknowledge Idumban…

    This is named as Idumpan Pooja….

     

     

    Kavadi.

    Subrahmanya,Hindu God. Image
    Subrahmanya,Hindu God

     

    The kavadi consists of two semicircular pieces of wood or steel which are bent and attached to a cross structure that can be balanced on the shoulders of the devotee.

    It is often decorated with flowers, peacock feathers (the vehicle of God Murugan) among other things. Some of the kavadis can weigh up to 30 kg.

    The preparations start 48 days before the two-day Thaipusam festival. The devotees purge themselves of all mental and physical impurities. They take only one vegetarian meal per day and 24 hours before  Thaipusam, they must maintain a complete fast’

     

    Now this Kavadi finds a Place in the Harappan Amulet.

    ‘Carrying a “Kavadi” is a religious practice associated with worship of god Murugan in Tamil society and it is very popular and regularly practiced even now. Kavadi is a kind of small decorated palanquin-like structure carried in honour of god Murugan. The small palanquin, which is being carried today, looks like a modified form of water carrier pole. The water carrier is not a deity, but a devotee, who carries the Kavadi containing offerings to god. Most probably, the worshippers of that time might have carried some offerings like newly harvested grains and some homemade sweets as an offering to the temple of god.’

     

    ‘Another very ancient aspect of the worship of Murukan, not alluded to in the Cankam poems, but strongly supported by Tamil tradition, is the ritual carrying of offerings on the kavati (yoke with the offerings tied to the ends by ropes). The Paharpur plaques noticed above may also be compared with the Tamil legends of muruku (the demon) and Itumpan, his kavati-bearing worshipper.’

    Citation.

     

    Murugan in Indus Script

  • Murugan A Vedic God Harappan Tamil Script Proves

    I have posted earlier that Murugan is Not a Tamil God.

     

    I have also posted with references that the Sanatana Dharma originated in the South.

     

    Vaivastha Manu migrated from the South,to North, Saraswathi Valley, because of Tsunami.

     

    Lord Murugan Tiruchendur.jpg
    Shanmugan,Tiruchendur

     

    Lord Shiva, Ganesha and Murugan migrated through the Arabian Peninsula to the West.

     

    In their mission of dividing Indians , the British rewrote History through self-styled researchers like Caldwell and other covert,:German Missionaries like Max Mueller,

     

    The same thing happened in Tamil, an ancient Indian language.

     

    Tamil along with Sanskrit was in use in Bharat.

     

    To divide the people by Aryan Dravidian Theory,Murugan, a Vedic God Skanda was turned into an independent Tamil God by misinterpreting and in some case by out right lies.

     

    The finding of Tamil Script in Harappa and Sarswathi Valley, the Vedic seals in Arikkamedu and Adicha nallur in Pondicherry,Tamil Nadu nail the mischief.

     

    In addition the ideograms of the Indus Script confirms that Murugan is a Vedic God.

    Harappan Script for Murugan.gif.
    Parpola has proposed reading a pair of signs as ‘bangles + squirrel’ (Fig.III b), interpreting it as a divine title. The second sign appears to depict a small animal perched on a tree branch. Parpola has, in my opinion, convincingly shown that this animal is the striped palm squirrel shown in its characteristic posture of hanging upside down. Two faience figurines of the palm squirrel have been found at Mohenjodaro. The Tamil word for squirrel is anil (*canil). This loveable creature is often endearingly referred to as anil pillai (pillai being the general term for ‘young one’). Parpola suggests that pillai by itself can mean ‘squirrel’ and the usage may go back to Proto-Dravidian as indicated by the words warce, verce (Gondi) and pirca (Parji) which mean ‘squirrel’ and are, according to him, cognates of pillay, Thus he reads the pair of signs as muruku pillay taken as referring to the god Murukan with the title pillay. Pillai is attested in Tamil as an appellation of Murukan, as the son of Siva.
    Parpola departs in this case from his own rules of rebus, which require the finding of another meaning for the same word ( * canil), and not for an associated term ( * pillay). Further as far as I know, there seems to be no attested usage in Dravidian for pillay by itself to mean ‘squirrel’. The suffix pillai is added in Tamil to a wide variety of words to indicate the ‘young of the species” and not specifically or even mainly to the squirrel. As regards the Gondi and Parji words for ‘squirrel’ cited by Parpola, the suggested derivation from * pillay is not supported by regular phonetic correspondences.

    3.2 As seen earlier, the two defining characteristics of the pictorial depictions of the Harappan deity are (a) a skeletal body, and (b) bent and contracted posture. The Dr. etyma with the nearest meanings are as follows.34

    (a) ‘To be shrivelled‘ (DEDR 4972):

    Ma. muratuka: to shrivel; muraluka: id., decay.

    Ka. muratu, murutu, muruntu: shrink, shrivel.

    Tu. muruntu: shrunk, shrivelled.

    Nk. mural: to wither.

    Kur. murdna: to be dried to excess.

    (b) ‘To be contracted’ (DEDR 4977):

    Ta. muri: to bend; murivu: contracting, fold; muri (nimir): (to stretch by) winding limbs.

    Ka. murige: bending, twisting; muruhu: a bend, curve, a crooked object;

    Ka. muratu, murutu, muruntu: to be bent or drawn together, state of being contracted.(DEDR 4972).

    Tu. muri: curve, twist; murige: twist.

    Pa. murg: to be bent; murgal: hunchback.

    Ga. murg: to bend; murgen: bent; murug: to bend down.

    Go. moorga: humpbacked.

    (cf: Pkt. muria: twisted; old Mar. mured: to twist.)

    We may infer from the linguistic data summarised in (a) and (b) that PDr. * mur/mur-V is the primitive root from which words with the meanings ‘shrivelled’ and ‘contracted’ have been derived.

    3.3 We may now proceed to apply the technique of rebus to try and discover the Dr. homonyms with the intended meanings.

    (c) ‘Strong, fierce, wild, fighting‘ (DEDR 4971) :

    Ta. muratu: ill-temper, wildness, rudeness; muran: fight, battle, fierceness, strength.

    Ma. muran: fight, strength.

    Ko. mort: violence (of action); mordn: violent man.

    Tu. murle: quarrelsome man.

    Te. moratu: rude man.

    (d) ‘To destroy, kill‘ (DEDR.4975) :

    Ta. murukku: to destroy, kill; murunku : to be destroyed.

    Ma. muruka: to cut.

    Kol., Nk. murk: to split, break.

    Kui. mrupka: to kill, murder.

    Kur. murukna: to mangle, mutilate.

    Malt. murke: to cut into bits.

    (e) ‘Ancient‘ (DEDR. 4969) :

    Ta. murancu: to be old, ancient; muri: antiquity.

    Kol., Pa. murtal: old woman.

    Nk: murtal : old woman.

    Go. mur-: to mature.

    The two sets of etyma in (c) and (d) taken together indicate that the original name of the deity was something like * mur/mur-V and that his essential traits were those of a fierce god, destroyer or hunter.

    3.4 The legends and myths surrounding the deity have become inextricably mixed up and both sets of etyma in groups (a) to (d) apply to him. In short, the deity was both ‘a departed soul or demon’ as indicated by his skeletal body and contracted posture, and also ‘a fierce killer or hunter’ as indicated by the Dr. etyma. Furthermore, the linguistic data in (e) can be interpreted to mean that the deity was considered to be ‘ancient’ even in Harappan times.

    3.5 In the concluding part of the Paper, we shall compare the traits of the Harappan Skeletal Deity as revealed by the pictorial depictions and linguistic data summarised above, with those of muruku (Murukan), the primitive god of the Tamils as recorded in the earliest layers of the Cankam poetry.35

    3.6 The most striking aspect of muruku is that he had no form; he was a disembodied spirit or demon who manifested himself only by possessing his priest or a young maiden. When muruku possessed him, the priest (velan) went into a trance and performed the shamanic dance in a frenzy (veri atal). When muruku possessed the maiden (anankutal), her mother called in the priest (velan) to perform the veri dance to pacify the spirit and restore the girl to her senses.36

    3.7 The second prominent trait of muruku was of a ‘wrathful killer’ indicating his prowess as a war-god and hunter.37

    3.8 The only physical traits which may be attributed to the primitive muruku are his red colour (cey) associated with blood and bloody sacrifices, and his spear (vel) associated with killing enemies and hunting animals. As muruku had no material body, these two physical traits are shown to belong to his priest, velan the ‘spear-bearer’ who wore red clothes and offered red flowers in ritual worship involving the sacrifice of goats and fowls. There were no temples in the earliest times, and the worship was carried out in the open field (kalam) before a wooden altar.

    3.9 Another very ancient aspect of the worship of Murukan, not alluded to in the Cankam poems, but strongly supported by Tamil tradition, is the ritual carrying of offerings on the kavati (yoke with the offerings tied to the ends by ropes). The Paharpur plaques noticed above may also be compared with the Tamil legends of muruku (the demon) and Itumpan, his kavati-bearing worshipper.38

    3.10 Much of the later Tamil literature, and virtually all the Tamil inscriptions and iconographic motifs have been heavily influenced by the Sanskritic traditions of Skanda-Karttikeya-Kumara and have very little in common with the primitive muruku except the name Murukan.39 Even the meaning of his name has undergone a radical transformation from muruku ‘the demon or destroyer’ to Murukan ‘the beautiful one’, consistent with the later notion that gods must be ‘beautiful’ and demons ‘ugly’. As P.L. Samy points out in his incisive study of Murukan in the Cankam works, there is no support for the later meaning in the earliest poems. He derives muruku (Murukan) and murukku ‘to destroy’ from Dr. muru-, and endorses the identification of Murukan with muradeva (a class of demons) mentioned in the Rgveda, as proposed by Karmarkar.40

    3.1 1 The muruku of the early Tamil society before the Age of Sanskritization was a primitive tribal god conceived as a ‘demon’ who possessed people and as a ‘wrathful killer or hunter’. This characterisation of the earliest Tamil muruku is in complete accord with his descent from the Harappan Skeletal Deity with similar traits revealed through pictorial depictions, early myths and Dravidian linguistic data.

    * I differ with the point 3.1.1 , as the Harappan civilization is from the South.

    Citation.

    http://murugan.org/research/mahadevan.htm

  • Shiva’s Daughter Asoka Sundari

    We know of the children of Lord Shiva and Parvati,Subrahmanya born of Shiva, Ganesha of Parvati.

     

    Veeabhadra is also considered as the son of Lord Shiva.

     

    But Lord Shiva and Parvati has a daughter as well, says The Padma Purana.

     

    Lord Shiva being of Yogic disposition, goes off to Kailash often.

     

    Feeling lonely Parvati prayed the Kalpa Vruksha for a companion and thus was born Ashoka Sunadri.

     

    She is considered as the child of Shiva along with Subrahmanya and Ganesha.

     

    Since Lord Shiva frequently went out of Kailash to get rid of the demons and other negative forces, Parvati used to feel very lonely. So, She asked for a daughter from the wish fulfilling tree to get rid of Her loneliness. Soon Her wish was granted and Ashok Sundari was born. The girl was named Ashok Sundari because Ashok means without sorrow as she got rid of Parvati’s sorrow. Sundari means beautiful. Since the girl was extremely beautiful, hence She was named Ashok Sundari by Parvati. Nothing much is mentioned about her in most scriptures apart from the fact that she was present at the time Ganesha was beheaded. Ashok Sundari got frightened by her father’s act and hid behind a sack of salt. When Parvati came to know about Her son’s fate, She became extremely angry. Out of anger She also cursed Ashok Sundari to become a part of salt. Later when Ganesha’s head was restored by Shiva, Parvati and Shiva revived their daughter and pacified her. Hence, Ashok Sundari is also associated with salt without which food would be tasteless. Apart from a few legends, the existence as Shiva’s daughter is not known by most people. However, in some parts of India few folklore are popular like in Bengal it is believed that Goddess Manasa was a daughter of Shiva who was born accidentally when Lord Shiva’s semen touched a statue which was made by the mother of snakes named Kadru.

    Citation.
  • Who Is Idumban Palani Subrahmanya Kavadi

    Those who visit the Temple of Lord Subrahmanya, Murugan at Palani, would notice a Temple for Idumban in the Hills.

     

    This is the legend.

     

    Sage Agastya wanted to take two hills — Sivagiri and Saktigiri — to his abode in the South and commissioned his asuran disciple Idumban to carry them.

    Idumban was one of the very few asuran survivors of the surāsuran war between Murugan’s forces and those of Surapadman.

    This slideshow requires JavaScript.

     

    Idumban collected the hills, and tied them to a simple shoulder pole by means of sacred serpents which were used in the place of ropes.

    This was the prototypical Kavadi. Near the forest at a site now known as Palani. Idumban, weary, set the hills down while he rested.

    When he attempted to resume his journey, he found that the hills were stuck to the ground

    . Upon ascending the slopes he encountered a youth clad only in a loin cloth, holding a staff, and “…shining like a thousand suns.

    ” This youth claimed the hills as his own. In the subsequent fight, Idumban was killed. Both Agastya and Idumpi (Idumban’s wife), interceded and pleaded on Idumban’s behalf, and Murugan restored Idumban to life.

    Idumban requested that he remain forever at the portal of Murugan’s shrine. Murugan duly appointed Idumban as official gatekeeper at his temple and advised that henceforth all who worshipped Murugan with a Kavadi would first acknowledge Idumban.

    This is named as Idumpan Pooja.

     

    Kavadi.

     

    The kavadi consists of two semicircular pieces of wood or steel which are bent and attached to a cross structure that can be balanced on the shoulders of the devotee.

    It is often decorated with flowers, peacock feathers (the vehicle of God Murugan) among other things. Some of the kavadis can weigh up to 30 kg.

    The preparations start 48 days before the two-day Thaipusam festival. The devotees purge themselves of all mental and physical impurities. They take only one vegetarian meal per day and 24 hours before Thaipusam, they must maintain a complete fast.[2] The devotees prepare themselves by following strict purification austerities that include:[1]

    • Transcendence of desire
    • Shaving of the head
    • Following a vegetarian diet and refraining from alcohol
    • Sexual abstinence
    • Bathing in cold water
    • Sleeping on the floor
    • Regular prayers

    Kavadis of many kinds.

     

     

    Popular is Pal Kavadi(Milk is filled in two receptacles,and carried on the shoulders)

     

    Other Kavadis are.

     

    Panner,

     

    Pushpam,

     

    Macham(Fish)

     

    Vel(Spear)

     

    The most spectacular practice is the vel kavadi, essentially a portable altar up to two meters tall, decorated with peacock feathers and attached to the devotee through 108 vels pierced into the skin on the chest and back. Fire walking and flagellation may also be practiced. It is claimed that devotees are able to enter a trance, feel no pain, do not bleed from their wounds and have no scars left behind

     

    1. Whosoever carried on his shoulders the kavadi, signifying the two hills and visited the temple on a vow should be blessed; and
    2. He should be given the priviledge of standing sentinel at the entrance to the hill.

    Hence we have the Idumban shrine half-way up the hill where every pilgrim is expected to offer obeisance to Idumban before entering the temple of Dandayudhapani Swami. Since then, pilgrims to Palani bring their offerings on their shoulders in a kavadi. The custom has spread from Palani to all Muruga shrines