The bounty of Grace is not reserved for only to the adherents to Hinduism.
It flows in abundance to any one who has faith and one who worships, irrespective of religious denominations.
We have Raghavendraswamy , Mantralaya. speaking to a British Collector, which was notified in the Gazette, a British collector seeing Rama and Lakshmana guarding the tank in Madhurantakam, Goddess Meenakshi saving British collector, Samayapuarthu Amman curing a British Collector.
There are more incidents that have been documented.
Sangameswara Temple, Bhavani.
Please refer my Posts on these.
Devi Vedanayaki, Sanagameswara temple, Bhavani, Tamil Nadu saved a British collector from floods and thea grateful Britisher donated an Ivory Cradle.
It is, with his signature, on display at the temple even today.
Sangameswarar alayam is a temple in Bhavani, in the Erode district, of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a Hindu templededicated to Lord Shiva.
The temple was built at the confluence of Kaveri river, Bhavani river and ‘agaya gangai’, an invisible underground water source.
The temple was praised in old Tamil literatures Thirupugazh, Pillaithamizh by Thirugnanasambandar and Arunagiriyar, as Thirunana.
Sangameswarar alayam is a Tamil Nadu tourism spot and has a huge hall for social events, a beautiful river side garden, round boat ride, swim and bath area, and an elephant too. Here Kaveri river, Bhavani river and Amudha river join together. River Amudha flow as Antharvahini, just like Sarasvathy at Triveni Sangamam of Allahabad. The place is also known as Dakshina Triveni Sangamam. This place is also known as Padhuma Giri which is surrounded by Naga Giri, Veda giri, Sanga Giri and Mangala Giri.The temple is known as Kooduthurai by locals.
Pooja Time.
Morning
5.00 A.M. to 1.00 P.M.
Evening
4.00 P.M. to 8.30 P.M.
How to reach.
Airport. Coimbatore.
Railway Station. Erode.
Bus Station. Erode, Salem, Coimbatore.
“It is said that during the East India Company regime the then Collector of Coimbatore and Salem Districts, William Garrow, who had his headquarters at Bhavani, worshipped Goddess Vedanayaki,almost on a daily basis and being a Xtian was barred from entry..But he chose to live in a Bungalow adjusant to the Amman and made 3 holes on the wall so that he can have uninterrupted Darshan every day of his favourite Deity(The holes are still there!) One night ,he was awakened in his Draem with the appearance of Amman Vedanayaki and the Goddess directed him in his dream to vacate his bungalow immediately. The moment he moved out, the entire bungalow collapsed. He wondered at this miracle and he presented to the temple an ivory cradle, which is still in the temple, with his signature…
The inmate relationship between Sanatana Dharma and Tamils is striking.
One has been misled into believing that The Tamils had ancestry that was inimical to Hinduism, Sanatana Dharma.
How wrong could this be!,
I have written through many articles including the one that Lord Rama’s ancestor was a Dravidian and he migrated to Ayodhya due a Tsunami in the South of India.
The ancestry of the two Tamil Dynasties goes back to Solar and Lunar Dynasties, That of Rama and Kauravas.
Please read my articles on this.
Sun Temple,Konarak,Odisha,India. Image credit.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konark_Sun_Temple#/media/File:Konark_Temple_Panorama2.jpgKoanarak SunDial. The wheels of the chariot are also symbolic and have been interpreted as the ‘Wheel of Life’. They portray the cycle of creation, preservation and achievement of realisation. The diameter of each of the wheels is about nine(2.73 metres) feet and each of them has a set eight equal parts. They are elaborately carved all over. The thicker ones are all carved with circular medallions at their centres on the widest part of the face. The axels of the wheels project by about one foot from the surface, having similar decorations at their ends. The rims are carved with designs of foliages with various birds and animals, whereas the medallions in the spokes are carved with the figures of women in various luxurious poses, mostly of erotic nature. These wheels may also possibly represent the twelve Zodiacs. (src: shreekhetra) – See more at: http://eodisha.org/amazing-odisha-accuracy-sundial-konark-sun-temple-built-1250-d-people-still-use-today-time-konark-sundial-suntemple-india/#sthash.YVHmT0Wb.dpuf
I am researching on the third Tamil King Dynasty, the Cheras and shall write shortly.
The Tamil Kings, Cholas and Pandyas were great Devotees of Shiva, Vishnu and Karthikeya, called as Murugan in Tamil Nadu.
A Chola King had built 101 Shiva Temples along the banks of River Kaveri.
The Big Temple at Thanjavur ,an architectural marvel was built by Rajaraja Chozhan
The special type of Vimanas of the temples in India is the contribution og the Tamils to Sanatana Dharma.
One of the great Temples of India, The Sun Temple at Konarak was built by a descendant of Kulothunga Chola I.
“Kulothunga Chola I was the grandson of Emperor Rajendra Chola I .As a Chola prince he conquered the Sri Vijaya provinceKedah on behalf of his maternal uncle Emperor Virarajendra Chola in the 11th century. As a Chola Prince he also conqueredBastar in modern Chhattisgarh
Scroll down for Konarak Video
‘Konark Sun Temple was built in Orissa by Chola prince who was daughter of Rajaraja and wife of Vimaladitya.
The Melakkadambur Shiva temple, built in the form of a chariot during the age of Kulottunga Chola I (1075-1120), is the earliest of this kind, and is still in a well preserved state. It is believed that this temple set the pace for the ratha (chariot) vimana temples in India, as a distant descendant of Kulottunga I on the female line, and thefamous Eastern Ganga ruler Narasimha Deva, built the Sun Temple at Konark in the form of a chariot in the 13th century. Kulottunga Chola is also credited with having built the Suryanaar temple near Kumbhakonam. Temples dedicated to the Sun are not a common feature in the Tamil speaking region of the Indian subcontinent..
Legend has it that Samba, the king of Krishna and Jambavati entered the bathing chamber of Krishna’s wifes, and was cursed by Krishna with leprosy. It was decreed that he would be relieved of the curse by worshipping the sun God on the sea coast north east of Puri. Accordingly Samba reached Konaditya Kshetra and discovered an image of Surya seated on the lotus, worshipped him and was relieved of his curse.
It is said that the temple was not completed as conceived because the foundation was not strong enough to bear the weight of the heavy dome. Local beleif has it that it was constructed in entirety, however its magnetic dome caused ships to crash near the seashore, and that the dome was removed and destroyed and that the image of the Sun God was taken to Puri.
The Temple: The Konark temple is widely known not only for its architectural grandeur but also for the intricacy and profusion of sculptural work. The entire temple has been conceived as a chariot of the sun god with 24 wheels, each about 10 feet in diameter, with a set of spokes and elaborate carvings. Seven horses drag the temple. Two lions guard the entrance, crushing elephants. A flight of steps lead to the main entrance.
The nata mandir in front of the Jagamohana is also intricately carved. Around the base of the temple, and up the walls and roof, are carvings in the erotic style. There are images of animals, foliage, men, warriors on horses and other interesting patterns. There are three images of the Sun God, positioned to catch the rays of the sun at dawn, noon and sunset.
The MelakkadamburShiva temple, built in the form of a chariot during the age of Kulottunga Chola I (1075-1120), is the earliest of this kind, and is still in a well preserved state. It is believed that this temple set the pace for the ratha (chariot) vimana temples in India, as a distant descendant of Kulottunga I on the female line, and thefamous Eastern Ganga ruler NarasimhaDeva, built the Sun Temple at Konark in the form of a chariot in the 13th century. Kulottunga Chola is also credited with having built the Suryanaar temple near Kumbhakonam. Temples dedicated to the Sun are not a common feature in the Tamil speaking region of the Indian
The Konarak temple.
Konark is also known as Konaditya. The name Konark is derived form the words Kona – Corner and Arka – Sun; it is situated on the north eastern corner of Puri or the Chakrakshetra. Konark is also known as Arkakshetra.
The entire temple is made in the form of a chariot, which symbolizes the carrier of the Sun God. This chariot comprises of 12 magnificent wheels and is drawn by seven fine horses.
At the entrance of the temple, there are two huge sculptures that show two lions, which are crushing a huge elephant. The Konark Sun Temple, India, also includes a temple known as the Nata Mandir. There are exemplary floral and geometric carvings that adorn the precincts of the Konark Sun Temple, India. The temple continues to amaze the tourists who visit the temple each year. This temple, which worships the Sun God, has been appropriately designed to match the power and aura of the Sun.
The ruins of this temple were excavated in late 19th century. The tower over the Garbagriha is missing, however the Jagmohana is intact.
Meaning: 1: At the Top of the Hand (i.e. Palm) Dwell Devi Lakshmi and at the Middle of the Hand Dwell Devi Saraswati, 2: At the Base of the Hand Dwell Sri Govinda; Therefore one should Look at one’s Hands in the Early Morning and contemplate on Them.
Meaning: 1: (Oh Mother Earth) The Devi Who is having Ocean as Her Garments and Mountains as Her Bosom, 2: Who is the Consort of Sri Vishnu, I Bow to You; Please Forgive Us for Touching You with Our Feet.
Meaning: 1: O Holy Rivers Ganga and Yamuna, and also Godavari, Saraswati, 2:Narmada, Sindhu and Kaveri; Please be Present in this Water Near Me (and make it Holy).
Meaning: 1.1: In the Early Morning I remember (i.e. meditate on) the Pure Essence of the Atman shining within my Heart, … 1.2: … Which gives the Bliss of Sacchidananda (Existence-Consciousness-Bliss essence), which is the Supreme Hamsa(symbolically a Pure White Swan floating in Chidakasha) and takes the mind to the state of Turiya (the fourth state, Superconsciousness), 1.3:Which knows (as a witness beyond) the three states of Dream, Waking and Deep Sleep, always, 1.4:That Brahman which is without any division shines as the I; and not this body which is a collection of Pancha Bhuta(Five Elements).
Meaning: 2.1: In the Early Morning I worship That, Which is beyond the Mind and the Speech, 2.2: (And) By Whose Grace all Speech shine, 2.3: Who is expressed in the scriptures by statement “Neti Neti”, since He cannot be adequately expressed by Words, 2.4: Who is called the God of the Gods, Unborn, Infallible (i.e. Imperishable) and Foremost (i.e. Primordial).
Meaning: 3.1: In the Early Morning I Salute That Darkness (signifying without any Form) which is of the nature of Supreme Illumination, 3.2: Which is Purna (Full), Which is the Primordial Abode, and Which is called Purushottama (the Supreme Purusha), 3.3:In Whom this endless World is settled endlessly (i.e. from the beginning of creation), … 3.4: … and (this endless World) appear like a Snake over the Rope (of the Primordial Essence).
Meaning: 4.1:These three Slokas, which are Holy (unites one with the Whole), and the ornaments of the Three Worlds, 4.2:He who recites in the early Morning, goes to (i.e. attain) the Supreme Abode (of Brahman).
Meaning: 1.1: (In the early morning I remember) The Devas Brahma, Murari (The enemy of demon Mura, refers to Sri Krishna or Vishnu) and Tripurantakari (The One Who has brought an end to Tripurasuras, refers to Sri Shiva), … 1.2: … The Planets Bhanu (The Sun), Shashi (The Moon), Bumisuta (Mars) and Budha (Mercury), … 1.3: … Guru (Jupiter), Shukra (Venus), Shani (Saturn), Rahu and Ketu, … 1.4: May all of them make my Morning Auspicious.
Meaning: 2.1: (In the early morning I remember) The Sages Bhrigu, Vasistha, Kratu and Angira, … 2.2: … Manu, Pulasya, Pulaha and Gautama, … 2.3: … Raibhya, Marichi, Chyavana and Daksha, … 2.4: May all of them make my Morning Auspicious.
Meaning: 3.1: (In the early morning I remember) The Sages Sanatkumara, Sanaka, Sanandana, … 3.2: … Sanatana, Asuri and Pingala, 3.3: The seven Swaras (Musical Notes) and the seven Nether Worlds, 3.4: May all of them make my Morning Auspicious.
Morning: 4.1: (In the early morning I remember) The seven Seas, the seven Kula Parvatas (seven Holy Mountains), … 4.2: … The Saptarshis (seven Sages), seven Forests, … 4.3: … The seven Worlds starting with Bhur Loka, 4.4: May all of them make my Morning Auspicious.
पृथ्वीसगन्धासरसास्तथापः स्पर्शीचवायुर्ज्वलितंचतेजः । नभःसशब्दंमहतासहैव कुर्वन्तुसर्वेममसुप्रभातम् ॥५॥ Prthvii Sa-Gandhaa Sa-Rasaas-Tatha-Apah
Sparshii Ca Vaayur-Jvalitam Ca Tejah |
Nabhah Sa-Shabdam Mahataa Sahai[a-E]va
Kurvantu Sarve Mama Suprabhaatam ||5||
Morning: 5.1: (In the early morning I remember) Mother Nature manifesting as the Prithivi (Earth) which is connected with Gandha(Smell), Apah (Water) which is connected with Rasa (Taste), … 5.2: … Vayu (Air, Wind) which is connected with Sparsha (Touch), Tejah (Fire) which is connected with Light and … 5.3: … Sky which is connected with Sabda (Sound); I remember all these Mahat Tatvas (Material Energy), 5.4: May all of them make my Morning Auspicious.
Morning: 6.1:In this manner, in the early Morning, this very purifying Hymn, … 6.2: … on reciting, remembering or listening with Devotion, 6.3: … has the quality of destroying bad dreams and making the morning Auspicious, 6.4: … making the Morning Auspicious by the grace of the Divine.
सूर्याष्टकम् – आदिदेव नमस्तुभ्यं
Suryashtakam: Adi Deva Namastubhyam
आदिदेवनमस्तुभ्यंप्रसीदममभास्कर । दिवाकरनमस्तुभ्यंप्रभाकरनमोऽस्तुते ॥१॥ Aadi-Deva Namastubhyam Prasiida Mama Bhaaskara |
Divaakara Namastubhyam Prabhaakara Namostu Te ||1||
Meaning: 1.1: (Salutations to Sri Suryadeva) My Salutations to You O Adideva (the first God), Please be gracious to me O Bhaskara(the Shining One), 1.2: My Salutations to You, O Divakara (the maker of the Day), and again Salutations to You, O Prabhakara (the maker of Light).
सप्ताश्वरथमारूढंप्रचण्डंकश्यपात्मजम् । श्वेतपद्मधरंदेवंतंसूर्यंप्रणमाम्यहम् ॥२॥ Sapta-Ashva-Ratham-Aaruuddham Pracannddam Kashyapa-[A]atmajam |
Shveta-Padma-Dharam Devam Tam Suuryam Prannamaamy[i]-Aham ||2||
Meaning: 2.1: (Salutations to Sri Suryadeva) You are mounted on a Chariot driven by seven Horses, You are excessively Energeticand the Son of sage Kashyapa, 2.2: You are the Deva Who holds a White Lotus (in Your Hand); I Salute You, O Suryadeva.
लोहितंरथमारूढंसर्वलोकपितामहम् । महापापहरंदेवंतंसूर्यंप्रणमाम्यहम् ॥३॥ Lohitam Ratham-Aaruuddham Sarva-Loka-Pitaamaham |
Mahaa-Paapa-Haram Devam Tam Suuryam Prannamaamy[i]-Aham ||3||
Meaning: 3.1: (Salutations to Sri Suryadeva) You are Reddish in colour, and mounted on a Chariot; You are the Grandfather of all persons (being the Adideva, the first God), 3.2: You are the Deva Who removes great Sins from our minds (by Your Illumination); I Salute You, O Suryadeva.
त्रैगुण्यंचमहाशूरंब्रह्मविष्णुमहेश्वरम् । महापापहरंदेवंतंसूर्यंप्रणमाम्यहम् ॥४॥ Trai-Gunnyam Ca Mahaa-Shuuram Brahma-Vissnnu-Maheshvaram |
Mahaa-Paapa-Haram Devam Tam Suuryam Prannamaamy[i]-Aham ||4||
Meaning: 4.1: (Salutations to Sri Suryadeva) You are the Heroic One having the Three Gunas of Brahma, Vishnu and Maheswara (i.e. Qualities of Creation, Sustenance and Dissolution), 4.2: You are the Deva Who removes great Sins from our minds (by Your Illumination); I salute You, O Suryadeva.
बृंहितंतेजःपुञ्जंचवायुमाकाशमेवच । प्रभुंचसर्वलोकानांतंसूर्यंप्रणमाम्यहम् ॥५॥ Brmhitam Tejah-Pun.jam Ca Vaayum-Aakaashame[a-I]va Ca |
Prabhum Ca Sarva-Lokaanaam Tam Suuryam Prannamaamy[i]-Aham ||5||
Meaning: 5.1: (Salutations to Sri Suryadeva) You are a massively Enlarged Mass of Fiery Energy, which (i.e. that energy) pervades everywhere like Vayu (Air) and Akasha (Sky), 5.2: You are the Lord of all the Worlds, I salute You, O Suryadeva.
बन्धुकपुष्पसङ्काशंहारकुण्डलभूषितम् । एकचक्रधरंदेवंतंसूर्यंप्रणमाम्यहम् ॥६॥ Bandhuka-Pusspa-Sangkaasham Haara-Kunnddala-Bhuussitam |
Eka-Cakra-Dharam Devam Tam Suuryam Prannamaamy[i]-Aham ||6||
Meaning: 6.1: (Salutations to Sri Suryadeva) You appear beautiful like a Red Hibiscus Flower and You are adorned with Garland andEar-Rings, 6.2: You are the Deva Who holds a Discus in one Hand; I salute You, O Suryadeva.
तंसूर्यंजगत्कर्तारंमहातेजःप्रदीपनम् । महापापहरंदेवंतंसूर्यंप्रणमाम्यहम् ॥७॥ Tam Suuryam Jagat-Kartaaram Mahaa-Tejah Pradiipanam |
Mahaa-Paapa-Haram Devam Tam Suuryam Prannamaamy[i]-Aham ||7||
Meaning: 7.1: (Salutations to Sri Suryadeva) You, O Suryadeva are the Agent behind the World (i.e. Who gives energy for action to everyone), You enliven others with great Energy (and thus imparting the ability to work), 7.2: You are the Deva Who removes great Sins from our minds (by Your Illumination); I salute You, O Suryadeva.
तंसूर्यंजगतांनाथंज्ञानविज्ञानमोक्षदम् । महापापहरंदेवंतंसूर्यंप्रणमाम्यहम् ॥८॥ Tam Suuryam Jagataam Naatham Jnyaana-Vijnyaana-Mokssadam |
Mahaa-Paapa-Haram Devam Tam Suuryam Prannamaamy[i]-Aham ||8||
Meaning: 8.1: (Salutations to Sri Suryadeva) You, O Suryadeva are the Lord of the World, Who grants Understanding and Knowledgewhich leads to Liberation, 8.2: You are the Deva Who removes great Sins from our minds (by Your Illumination); I salute You, O Suryadeva.
As Lord Visnu received Chandra (Moon) from his curse, this place is known as Indhaloor.
Lord Narayana gave dharsan as Vennchudar perumal in the standing posture to the Moon god in Thalaisangaadu.
But here at this place he is in Veera Sayanam posture.There he was full of light being as Vyomajyothi piran.
But here he is full of fragrance (Parimalam) and hence he is called as Parimala Rangan.
He has 4 hands here. River Cauvery is under his feet here.
As he promised river Cauvery to increase here status, he made her as his bed at Srirangam, took her as his mother at Thirucherai and here at Thiru Indhaloor, he has taken river Cauvery above his head.
Vishnu
Thus gave her the status of river Ganges who is on the head of Lord Shiva.
As the perumal of this place, converted the position of river Cauvery and Lord Chandra into a pious state, Thirumangaialwar calls him as a Brahmin.
The vedas were created to instruct rules for human beings to lead a happy life.
The Surya and Chandra revolve around the world to give prisperity (like wheels ie Chakra).
Hence the vimaana of this place is called as Veda Chakra Vimaanam. Sri Rangam is known as Aadhi Arangam (first) while Thirukudanthai is Madhiya Arangam (Middle) and Thiru Indhaloor is known as Andiya Arangam (Last).
Recovery of Vedas
From the puranas we learn that Brahma, Chandra, Yama, Ambareesha and Viswamitra were offering their daily workship here. Brahma was tutored to do his creation by Lord Ranganatha. But the two demons Madhu and Kaitaba, stole away the Vedas and disappeared into the sea. Brahma complained to the Lord who took Mastyavathar- fishform and retrived the Vedas.
In order to restore the original fragrance to them, the Vedas did penance to the Lord and the place was converted into “Sugantharanyam”. The Lord took his abode there and He came to be known as Parimala Ranganathar.
The Goddess came to be known as Parimala Ranganayaki.
The river cauvery, in order to get supremacy over river Ganga, offered penance to Lord Ranganatha here and was granted a boon.
Just like Srirangam and Kumbakonam, this place also became famous.
The Ganga is said to flow into the Cauvery during the Tula festival to rid herself of her pollution which she takes over from the people who take their bath in the river.
Hence the Cauvery here a bath in equals a bath in the Ganga.
Another interesting episode is connected with the life of Chandra the Moon.
He was suffering from consumption because of the sabams given by Dwajapathy and Dhatchan and was losing his form slowly
He was asked to take his bath here in the cauvery and offer worship to Lord Ranganatha.
He was eventually cured of his disease and the place came to be known as Indupuri and the Theertham Indu pushkarani.
In the Tamil month of Aiypasi on all the 30 days, the deity is taken to the banks of the river.
On the first day of the month and Amavasai, Lord Ranganatha comes on Garuda Vahana.
There are three prakarams in the temple. The little image of Kannan familiarly known as Santhanagopalakrishnan promises children for the issuless.
The plates that adorn the walls of the sannidhi have intricate workmanship on them. Viswaksena, Yoga Narasimhar and Chandra have Moolavigrahams. In the shrine dedicated to Sri Rama one can see the stone as well as bronze images of Rama, Lakshmana, Sita, Hanuman and small idols of Bharatha and Satrugna.
Thirumangai Azhwar has sung in praise of the Lord here.
Thiruindhalur,Mayiladuthurai
Following in his footsteps Sri T.Narasimhachariar composed the “Indalur Erratai Mani Malai”.
History
The temple dedicated to Lord Parimala Ranganatha at Tiruindalur, Mayiladuturai.
This temple is one of the Pancha Rangams, the others being Srirangapattinam, Srirangam, Adirangam (Koiladi) and Kumbakonam.
The idol which was hitherto believed to be made of brick and mortar for over many centuries was found to be made of a single beautiful green stone of granite measuring 12 feet by 5.5 feet with intricate workmanship in minute detail on the jewels, the kireetam, peethambaram.
One sees even the nails in the hands and feet sharp and in lovely shape.
The Seshasayanam, the five-headed serpant, has been fixed separately, over the head of the deity and it has also been made of stone. Brahma is seen near the wall in a line with the nabhi-naval and at the feet is seen Santhanagopalakrishnan.
The images of Sridevi and Bhoodevi are on either side of the idol on the floor.
In Sri Vaishnavism, another school, Vishnu assumes five forms:
In the Para Form, Para is the highest form of Vishnu found only in Sri Vaikunta also called Moksha, along with his consort Lakshmi, (and Bhuma Devi and Nila devi, avatars of Lakshmi) and surrounded by liberated souls like Ananta, Garuda, and a host of Muktas (liberated souls).
In the Vyuha form, Vishnu assumes four forms, which exercise different cosmic functions and controls activities of living beings.
In the Vibhava form, Vishnu assumes various manifestations, called Vibhavas, more popularly known as Avataras from time to time, to protect the virtuous, punish evil-doers and re-establish righteousness.
In the Antaryami; “Dwelling within” or “Suksma Vasudeva” form, Vishnu exists within the souls of all living beings and in every substance.[43]
In the Arcavatara or Image manifestation, Vishnu is visible and therefore easily approachable by devotees since Para, Vyuha, Vibhava and Antaryami forms can only be imagined or meditated upon because they are beyond our reach. Such images can be
Yesterday, Junior Minister, at the end of the recently concluded National Development Council(NDC) said that the order of the Cauvery Water Tribunal will not be notified in the Gazette.
The Supreme Court has ordered the notification of the Order in the gazette before 31/12/12.
The reason given out by the minister is that the issue if being referred for Legal Opinion and the Chief Minister of Karnataka has objected to the Gazette Notification.
If an Order of the Tribunal can not be notified in The Gazette, why have the Tribunal?
He also made a curious statement that the all the four states must agree to the notification!
Cauvey Row:
Kaveri river
The sharing of waters of the river Kaveri has been the source of a serious conflict between the Indian states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The genesis of this conflict, rests in two controversial agreements—one signed in 1892 and another in 1924—between the erstwhile Madras Presidency and Princely State of Mysore. The 802 km Kaveri river[1] has 32,000 sq km basin area in Karnataka and 44,000 sq km basin area in Tamil Nadu.
The state of Karnataka contends that it does not receive its due share of water from the river as does Tamil Nadu. Karnataka claims that these agreements were skewed heavily in favour of the Madras Presidency, and has demanded a renegotiated settlement based on “equitable sharing of the waters”. Tamil Nadu, on the other hand, pleads that it has already developed almost 3,000,000 acres (12,000 km2) of land and as a result has come to depend very heavily on the existing pattern of usage. Any change in this pattern, it says, will adversely affect the livelihood of millions of farmers in the state.
Decades of negotiations between the parties bore no fruit. The Government of India then constituted a tribunal in 1990 to look into the matter. After hearing arguments of all the parties involved for the next 16 years, the tribunal delivered its final verdict on 5 February 2007. In its verdict, the tribunal allocated 419 billion ft³ (12 km³) of water annually to Tamil Nadu and 270 billion ft³ (7.6 km³) to Karnataka; 30 billion ft³ (0.8 km³) of Kaveri river water to Kerala and 7 billion ft³ (0.2 km³) to Pondicherry. The dispute however, appears not to have concluded, as all four states deciding to file review petitions seeking clarifications and possible renegotiation of the order.
Sangameswara Temple, Bhavani.
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