Ramanisblog

Tag: சோழர் வரலாறு

  • History of Tamil Chozha Kings List From 5100 CE Karikal Valavan

    History of Tamil Chozha Kings List From 5100 CE Karikal Valavan

    We have seen in the earlier article about the date of Chera Kings of Tamil Nadu from the date of Mahabharata War. In this article, we shall look into the Timeline of Chozha Kings of Tamil Nadu.

    Karikalan is considered to be the first recorded Chola , though there are views that many Chozhas preceded Karikal Chozhan was a contemporary of Chera King Perunchotru Udhiyan Neduncheralaathan who was present in Mahabharata war. ‘Upon the accession of Karikala, at a young age, there was a civil conflict in the Chola territory. By the time Karikala had succeeded in vanquishing rival claimants and establishing his hold over the territory, the neighboring Chera and Pandya rulers saw their opportunity. The two rulers formed a confederacy which also included eleven Velir chieftains apart from the two major rulers and invaded the Chola territory.[citation needed] It is unclear why even the Velir who were generally the allies of the Cholas stood against Karikala, the scion of the solar race and of the Kashyapa gotra, though Karikala by his brilliant stratagem inflicted a crushing defeat on the alliance in the ensuing encounter at Venni. Following his defeat, the Chera ruler Uthiyan Cheralathan starved himself to death (suicide by slow starvation).’https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Venni

    Udhiyan Cheralaathan date based on Mahabharata reference about his presence in the War, is around 5100 CE. Karikalan defeated him at Battle of Venni. Therefore, Karikal Chozhan was a contemporary of Perunchotru Udhiyan Neduncheralaathan. Karikal Chola’ s date ,therefy, is around 5100 CE

    • Karikalan I 5100 CE (30)
    • Cheraman Paamaloor erintha Neythalanganal Ilamchetchenni (60 Years)
    • Cherupaazhi erintha Ilamchetchenni (50)
    • Perumpoon chenni (25)
    • Uruva Paikhrer Ilamchetchenni (13 years)
    • Karikalan II (32 years)
    • Manakkilli (20 years)
    • Vel pahradakkai Peruviral Killi (20 years)
    • Pooravaikopp Perunarkkilli ( 35 Years)
    • Mudithalai Koperunarkkilli (38 years)
    • Koperum Chozhan (25 Years)
    • Otrumai Vetta Perunarkkilli (22 Years)
    • Chetchenni Nalankilli @ Maavalathan (18)
    • Kulamutrathu tunjiya Killivalavan (21)
    • Kurapalli tunjiya Perum Thirumavalavan (39)
    • Neythalankanal Ilamchetchenni (20)
    • Karikalan III (50AD)
    • Maavan Killi (20AD)
    • Nedumudikkilli (20)
    • Chenganan (30)
    • Isai Ve ngilli (30 )
    • Kaivankilli (30)
    • Polampoonkilli (20)
    • Kadumankilli (25)
    • Nalladi (45) known by Agananooru 356th poem

    In the Battle of Venni, Karikala crushed the Pandya and Chera forces along with their 11 chieftains, leading to the unifying of the three kingdoms into one under Karikala’s rule. Chera King Peruncheralathan was fatally wounded by the arrow throwen

    by Karikalan that pierced his chest and wounded his back , Since he got wounded his back , the chera king out of shame had commited self sacrifice by starving himself to death facing North (vadakkiruthal).

    Karikal Cholas Northern expedition
  • Chola Pass Himalayas After Karikal Chola Gazette Notification 1885

    Chola Pass Himalayas After Karikal Chola Gazette Notification 1885

    One such information is the History of Tamils and it’s Great Emperors,who not only expanded their kingdoms till Himalayas but also extended their Empire to overseas, like Cambodia,Vietnam.. Tamil Kings,Imayavaramban Neduncheralaathan, Karikal Chozhan and Ariyappadaikadantha Kadandhanedunchezhian , Rajendra Chola have reached Himalayas, conquering Kingdoms all the way.

    During the course of his North Indian Expedition, Karikal chola, reached Himalayas,after conquering Kingdoms on the way,and Planted Chola flag in Himalayas.

    Karikal chola’s Expedition to Himalayas.

    Not only that,he created a Mountain Pass/ passed through a Himalayan Pass.This is recorded in Tamil Literature Silappadhikaram and Periya Puranam.While Silappadhikaram dates back to the period of Sangam Literature,Periya Puranam, a Religious Work that deals with the Lives Shiva Devotees, belongs to middle ages.

    Chola Emblem Tiger

    He went along the Chola Mandala Karai (Coromandel Coast) defeating kings whoever opposes him on his way , went along crossing Kalinga and Vajra Desam with Kosambi as its capital that was in bengal area and reached Himalayas.

    ChoLa Pass and ChoLa Mountain Range :

    Cho La is a summit pass ,named after Karikal Chola .

    Cho La is a summit pass located 5,420 metres (17,782 ft) above sea level in the Solukhumbu District in northeastern Nepal. It connects the village of Dzongla (4,830 metres (15,850 ft)) to the east and the village of Thagnak (4,700 metres (15,400 ft)) to the west.

    After reaching Himalayas he laid down a New route towards North to travel across Golden Himalayan Mountain Range in to Tibet using his soldiers , and had closed an unusable older route as mentioned in Periya Puranam 55

    “பொன்மலை புலி வென்று ஓங்கப்
    புதுமளையிடுத்துப்
    பொற்றும் அந்நெறி வழியேயாக
    அயல் வழி அடைத்த சோழன்”
    – பெரியபுராணம் 55

    இலங்குவோர் கரிகால்பெருவளத்தோன் வன்திரள் புலி 

    இமயமால் வரைமேல் வைக்க வெகுவோன்”
    பெரிய புராணம் 25 Periya Puranam.25.

    பகைவிலக் கியதிப்

    பயங்கெழு மலையென

    இமையவர் உறையும் சிமயப் பீடர்த்தலைக்

    கொடுவரி ஒற்றிக் கொள்கையிற்” . Silappadhikaram.

    செண்டு கொண்டுகரி காலனொரு காலி னிம

    சிமய மால்வரை திரித்தருளி மீள வதனைப்

    பண்டு நின்றபடி நிற்கவிது வென்று முதுகிற்

    பாய்பு லிக்குறிபொ றித்தது மறித்த

    பொழுதே.”- Kalingathipparani

    The Chola King had Engraved his “Tiger” Symbol marking his Victorious Expedition to Himalayas in its rock at high Altitude. Since many soldiers along with him in the himalayan conquest were from Chera and from Pandya kingdoms , he engraved Bow Arrow and Fish symbols of Chera and Pandya too along side of his Tiger Symbol in Himalayan Rocks.

    There was mention of 3 friendly kingdoms in Silapathikaram that came on his way namely Vajra Desam with Kosambi as it Capital in areas of Vanga (bangladesh) , Magadha Naadu and Avanthi naadu with Ujjain as its capital.

    All these Three kings had welcomed Karikala Cholan and had gifted him with most valuable things Gold jewels and rathnas , Vajra King Presented him with Muthu Pandhal (Pearl Jewels) , and Magadha King had presented him with Patti Mandapam , Avanthi King had gifted him with Traditional Glittering Hanging Door Decorations made of Navarathnas as mentioned in Silapathikaram , it also says that karikalan on returning to his kingdom had showcased all the three rare gifts in “Chithira Mandapam” for his people to witness its beauty in Poompuhar Pattinam. https://www.quora.com/Which-Tamil-kings-went-on-Himalayan-expeditions-and-engraved-or-planted-the-victorious-symbols-of-their-flag-on-Himalayan-mountains?top_ans=102753057

    In Tibetan language, La means Pass. But this is Chola Pass, not Cho La Pass as erroneously written; ‘Chola’ La, if you like. It is to be noted that the mountain range is called Chola Range, not Cho La range. … In fact, ‘Chozha’ is the right word, not Chola. The Tamil letter zha (ழ) is a tongue-twister, unique to Tamil.

    According to the Imperial Gazetteer of India Vol. 10, page 327 New edition 1908, earlier edition 1885 – “The Chola Pass is in the Chola Range of Eastern Himalayas, 14,500 ft. above the sea, situated in 27º 25’ N and 88º 49’ E, leading from Sikkim State to the Chumbi Valley in Tibet. The Chola range, which is loftier than the Singalila, leaves the main chain at Dongkya Mountain.” In the map of Sikkim (http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gaz_atlas_1909), Chola Pass is clearly marked. Also Jelap La but not the now-famous Natu La pass. Despite my Himalayan efforts I couldn’t download this map. Nathu La is itself situated in the Eastern Chola Range. Most of the passes that help cross Himalayas are closed for almost nine months but Chola Pass is open for six months, says the gazetteer of 1909.

    … Cho La is mentioned in a Sikkim map of a 1979 tourism folder . Source provided below.

    https://tripurachronicle.in/ArticleDetails.aspx?WhatId=85

  • Karikal Chozha North Indian Expedition Details

    Karikal Chozha North Indian Expedition Details

    One of the three Great Tamil Dynasties of Dravida Desa was Chera Dynasty .They trace their origins to Suryavansha and also Chandravansha,ie Solar and Lunar dynasty.Reason is that Manu’s son Ikshvaku, founded the Solar/ Suryavansha).Manu had a daughter Ila and she founded the Lunar dynasty, Chandravansha by marrying Chandra and begetting Budha. There were intermarriages between the two dynasties as well.Therefore not only Cholas but Chera s and Pandyas may be traced back to these two dynasties.Surya Vamsa, the Solar Dynasty .

    Karikal Chola was an early Chola and he undertook an expedition to North India and was victorious.Chera King Cheralaathan was a Chera King who was successful in his expedition to North India. Cheralaathan’s Father Udhiyan Cheralaathan was contemporary of Karikal chola and Udhiyan Cheralaathan fed both armies of Kaurava and Pandava armies during Kurukshetra war , during Mahabharata period.Exploits of these kings are mentioned in Tamil Sangam Literature.

    Karikal Valavan,aka Karikalan conquered the kings of Magadha, Avanti,and other Kings including Maya.Maya refers to The architect of Asuras .Asura does not mean nether beings but people who were at loggerheads with Devas and are generally considered as with more bad qualities than good .This is a question of perception. ‘the Asuras are any spiritual, divine beings including those with good or bad intentions, and constructive or destructive inclinations or nature.[6] ‘ He built Mayssabha, Palace of Illusion for Pandavas.He was a historical figure.

    ‘According to Nilakanta Sastri Karikala reigned in 90 CE.(A History of South India: From Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar, page 119) I differ from this date. I shall be justifying the date of Karikalan in my next article.

    After subduing the south Karikala went on an expedition to the north and engraved his tiger emblem in the Himalayas. The king of the great Vajra whose sway extended as far as the roaring sea (in the east), gave him a pearl canopy as a tribute while the king of Magadha famous for his sword-play, and his enemy a while ago, presented to him an audience hall (pattimandapam). The king of Avanti gave him a friendly present of a tall and beautiful arch on the gateway. Though all these were made of gold and gems, their technique was not known to human artists even of exceptional skill; they were long ago given to the ancestors of these three monarchs by the divine Maya in return for some valuable service rendered to him. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karikala

    Silapthikaram : Chapter 5 : Versus 86–110

    நற்பலி பீடிகை நலம் கொள வைத்து

    உயிர்பலி உண்ணும் உருமுக்குரல் முழக்கத்து

    மயிர்கண் முரசொடு வான்பலி ஊட்டி

    இருநில மருங்கின் பொருநரை பெறாஅச்

    செறுவெங் காதலின் திருமா வளவன்

    வாளும் குடையும் மயிர்கண் முரசும்

    நாளொடு பெயர்த்து நண்ணார்ப் பெறுகஇம்

    மண்ணக மருங்கின்என் வலிகெழு தோள் எனப்

    புண்ணிய திசை முகம் போகிய அந்நாள்

    அசைவுஇல் ஊக்கத்து நசைபிறக்கு ஒழியப்

    பகைவிலக் கியதுஇப் பயம்கெழு மலைஎன

    இமையவர் உறையும் சிமையப் பிடர்த்தலைக்

    கொடுவரி ஒற்றிக் கொள்கையின் பெயர்வோர்க்கு

    மாநீர் வேலி வச்சிர நன்னாட்டுக்

    கோன் இறை கொடுத்த கொற்றப் பந்தரும்

    மகதநன் நாட்டு வாள்வாய் வேந்தன்

    பகைபுறத்துக் கொடுத்த பட்டிமண் டபமும்,

    அவந்தி வேந்தன் உவந்தனன் கொடுத்த

    நிவந்துஓங்கு மரபின் தோரண வாயிலும்

    பொன்னினும் மணியினும் புனைந்தன ஆயினும்

    நுண்வினைக் கம்மியர் காணா மரபின

    துயர்நீங்கு சிறப்பின் அவர் தொல்லோர் உதவிக்கு

    மயன்வி தித்துக் கொடுத்த மரபின , இவை தாம்

    ஒருங்குடன் புணர்ந்துஆங்கு உயர்ந்தோர் ஏத்தும்

    அரும்பெறல் மரபின் மண்டபம் அன்றியும்https://www.quora.com/Which-Tamil-kings-went-on-Himalayan-expeditions-and-engraved-or-planted-the-victorious-symbols-of-their-flag-on-Himalayan-mountains

    The above verse says that Thirumavalavan (karikala cholan) who after winning over North Vengadam to Kanyakumari and after defeating the mightier Pandya and Chera Kings ,

    Karikalan , the chola king who is also a lover of wars went in search of New enemies towards North until Himalayas (it mentions about his Himalayan expedition and conquest) , who could match his shoulder strength in fight , Started Conquest after praying to his god Kotravai , along with his soldiers , Carrying White umbrella and Murasu (Drums)

    [ Note : Mayir Kann Murasu mentioned here means the special Drum that is made out of tough Buffalo’s skin that had actually killed a Tiger in a fight when it was alive ]……இரும்பனம் போந்தைத் தோடும் கருஞ்சினை
    அரவாய் வேம்பின் அங்குழைத் தெரியலும்
    ஓங்கிருஞ் சென்னி மேம்பட மிலைந்த
    இருபெரு வேந்தரும் ஒருகளத்(து) அவிய
    வெண்ணித் தாக்கிய வெருவரு நோன்றாள்
    கண்ணார் கண்ணிக் கரிகால் வளவன்.”

    In the Battle of Venni, Karikala crushed the Pandya and Chera forces along with their 11 chieftains, leading to the unifying of the three kingdoms into one under Karikala’s rule. Chera King Peruncheralathan was fatally wounded by the arrow throwed by Karikalan that pierced his chest and wounded his back , Since he got wounded his back , the chera king out of shame had commited self sacrifice by starving himself to death facing North (vadakkiruthal).

    Thiruvaalangaadu copper plate inscriptions :

    He defeated the confederacy of nine minor chieftains in the battle of Vaagaipperundalai. Paranar, a contemporary of Karikala, mentions this in his poem from Agananuru.

    Pattinappaalai also describes the destruction caused by Karikala’s armies in the territories of his enemies and adds that as the result of those conflicts, the “Northerners and Westerners were depressed… and his flushed look of anger caused the Pandya’s strength gave way.

    He expanded his kingdom from Vengadam (Tirupati) to Kanyakumari after defeating other smaller kingdoms such as Thondai Naadu , Naagar Naadu , Pothuvar naadu , Malaiyamaan Naadu and vaduga Naadu in the extreme North of Tamil land(tirupati). After returning back from his Himalayan Expedition he raided Eelam and brought its kingdoms under his rule.https://www.quora.com/Which-Tamil-kings-went-on-Himalayan-expeditions-and-engraved-or-planted-the-victorious-symbols-of-their-flag-on-Himalayan-mountains?top_ans=102753057
  • Rajendra Chola Conquered Pala Empire Bengal 1020 AD

    Rajendra Chola Conquered Pala Empire Bengal 1020 AD

    Rajendra Chola, son of Rajaraja Chola was a great emperor, who conquered countries in South Asia. Cholas became a formidable Naval power during his reign.He had a Naval Academy established in Tamilnadu.He undertook an expedition to North India and reached upto Himalayas, thus earning the title Gangaikonda Chozhan, one who reached Ganga River. He brought Ganga Water and had an Abhishek performed for Siva in Thiruloki temple on the southern bank of River Kollidam.

    During his campaign ,he conquered many kings in the North. I shall be writing one by one the kingdoms conquered by Rajendra Chola.

    He conquered Pala kingdom located in what is now Bengal and Bangladesh.

    The Medieval Chola king Rajendra Chola I led an expedition to North India between 1019 and 1024. The expedition traversed the states of Vengi, Kalinga, Odda and Bengal culminating with their arrival at the Ganges river. The Chola victory over the Pala king Mahipala I is considered to be the climax of the expedition. ..of the Chola Empire frequently invaded Bengal from 1021 to 1023 CE to get Ganges water and in the process, succeeded to humble the rulers, acquiring considerable booty. The rulers of Bengal who were defeated by Rajendra Chola were Dharmapal, Ranasur and Govindachandra, who might have been feudatories under Mahipala I of the Pala Dynasty.[29] Rajendra Chola I also defeated Mahipala, and obtained from the Pala king “elephants of rare strength, women and treasure..

    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pala_Empire#Revival_under_Mahipala_I

    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chola_expedition_to_North_India#Sastri

    The Pala Empire (r. 750-1162 CE) was an imperial power during the post-classical period in the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of  Bengal… Mahipala (or Mahipala I; r. 988–1038) was a notable king of the Pala dynasty, which ruled over much of the eastern regions of the Indian subcontinent between the 8th and 12th centuries. He was the son and successor of Vigrahapala II. Mahipala’s reign marked a resurgence in fortunes for the Pala empire, whose boundaries were expanded as far as Varanasi. However, his rule was temporarily hampered by the northern expedition of the Chola king, Rajendra I. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahipala

  • Chozha Royal Insignia Coins

    Chozha Royal Insignia Coins

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    Chozha Royal Insignia Coins