Ramanisblog

Tag: Vaiseshika

  • Adrishta Is Not Luck .A Philosophical Concept on Actions

    It is common to use the term ‘Adrushta’ or Adrishta for Luck,especially in South India.

    People use this term when something,auspicious/good happens to them,which they did not expect.

    This is incorrect.

    Adrishta is not Luck.

    Nothing in the Universe,according to Hinduism,without a Cause or Reason.

    The term Adrushta means ‘unseen,unexplained’

    ‘The Sanskrit term, Adrishta (Sanskrit: अदृष्ट), as an adjective means – not seen, unseen, unobserved, unforeseen, unknown, invisible, unexpected, not experienced, destiny, fate, luck, not permitted or sanctioned, illegal, virtue or vice as the eventual cause of pleasure or pain. In Hindu philosophy it refers to the unseen force, and the invisible results of works which accrue to a person; it refers to the Doctrine of Apurva.’

    The term Adhrushta has been used colloquially to denote some thing which one can not understand or explain.

    When we act or plan,we expect some specific results,though, at times,we might not be aware of some other results that are possible.

    We become surprised when the results of our action produces an efffect we have not anticipated.

    It that happens to our advantage or benefit,we call it Adrushta.

    If the result is unfavourable or disagreeable to us, we call it Destiny,usually in its negative connotation.

    Not correct.

    Every action we perform gets results.

    When we perform an action,we are only a part of the Causes that make the results.

    There are other Causes facilitating the completion of the Act.

    These Causes also determine the Effect.

    We anticipate results based only on our actions and do not take these factors into consideration.

    Moreover,there are infinite number of choices for embarking upon an action.

    But ,the Choices available to us are limited at any given point of time.

    We make choices out of what is available to us as we are not aware of other choices.

    Therefore,the Choices we ignored might produce results which we least anticipate.

    We call these as due to Adrushta.

    In Mimamsa system of Indian Philosophy,Adrushta is the invisible result of a ritual that accrues to a person.

    In Vaiseshika school of Thought,Adrushta is  the equally invisible negative karmic accrual, as the unknown quality of things and of the soul, and brings about the cosmic order and arranges for soul according to their merits or demerits.Adrishta is all the elements which are not known and verified with the help of the five senses, and which can be realized through mind, intelligence and soul.

    However Brahma Sutras do not accept even this.

    As they believe in one Reality ,Brahman,they disprove Vaiseshika theory thus.

    ‘

    उभयथापि न कर्मातस्तदभावः | (Brahma Sutras II.ii.12)

    “In either case (viz the Adrishta, the unseen principle, inhering either in the atoms or in the soul) the activity (of the atoms) is not (possible), therefore the negation of that (viz of creation through the combination of atoms).

    Patanjali in his Yoga Sutra says,

    क्लेशमूलः कर्माशयो दृष्टादृष्टजन्मवेदनीयः (Yoga Sutras II.12)

    that obstacles are the breeding ground for tendencies that give rise to actions and the consequences thereof; such obstacles are experienced as visible and invisible obstacles.Swami Prabhavananda translates this sutra as – “A man’s latent tendencies have been created by his past thoughts and actions; these tendencies will bear fruits, both in this life and in lives to come.”

    That is some of the obstacles one encounters in Yoga Sadhana , are due to causes invisible and that is Adrushta.

    Reference and citation for Block Quotes.  https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrishta

  • Vedas Alone Not Hinduism Shad Darsana Six Systems Indian Philosophy

    Indian philosophy and the Religion of the Hindus differ from other religions in that,

    1. It has no founder.

    2. It is not dogmatic and one can follow what one is inclined to.

    3. It has no strict rules to follow in that it does not condemn you to Hell.

    4. It does not proselytize.

    Reality, Brahman of HinduismT
    Brahman, The Reality

    5. No single individual is considered as the authority in matters relating Hinduism

    6. It has no written texts and these have been transmitted orally for over five thousand years.

    7.It accommodates all views including the Atheists; you can be an Atheist and still be A Hindu.

    8.It fixes individual responsibility. You can not escape from the results of your actions by assigning it to some one else.

    9. It treats all Beings and also the Insentient equally.

    10. There is no procedure to become a Hindu nor is there any question of expelling some one from Hinduism and readmitting.

    11. Indian philosophy is based on Intuition and experience , though Logic and other tools of knowledge are used to verify or support Knowledge gained by Intuition.

    The systems of Indian philosophy have the following components.

    a) Theory of Knowledge or Epistemology.

    The systems decide first what knowledge is and proceed what instruments to use to gain Knowledge.

    There are some instruments of Knowledge through which we gain knowledge.

    Knowledge is taken at its core meaning, to be aware of.

    That it is correct, incorrect, Right or Wrong comes later when judgement are made.

    Facts are differentiated from Impression of Facts.

    Prathyaksha. Is what is known through senses.

    b)Anumana is Inference.

    c)Upamana is Comparison , with similar things.

    d) Tharka ,  Logic where Knowledge is derived from Logical steps through Syllogism.

    e) Sabda , from Testimony fro others.

    f) Intuition.

    The tools of knowledge followed by a system decides its philosophy..

    Systems of Indian Philosophy, Religion.

    In India Religion and Philosophy are interwoven.

    There is no separation of the two.

    A philosophy not worth practicing is not considered at all.

    Religion is to be experienced and there is no such thing as Practising Religion and non practicing religion.

    Many believe, even Hindus, that the Vedas alone constitute Indian Philosophy.

    Not true.

    We have Jainism, Buddhism, Buddhism , Carvakas and Ajivakas whih form a parf Indian Philosophy.

    They existed along with the Vedas.

    And they were accepted.

    Another feature of Hinduism is the definition of Atheism.

    It has nothing to do with the belief in God.

    One can be a Hindu and remain an Atheist ,like Carvakas, Buddhist,Ajivaka.

    These are totally opposed to Vedas and deny their authority.

    Orthodox systems are those which belive in the Authoroty of the Vedas.

    Those, like Jainism are called Heterodox and they do not believe in the Vedas.

    Even among the Orthodox systems which believe in the authority of the Vedas deny God, like The Nyaya System.

    Philosophical systems are called Darsana.

    Darśana, also darśana or darshanam, Sanskrit: दर्शन from dṛś, meaning “to see”, vision, apparition, or glimpse.

    Though there are other meanings like The darsana of God/Holy men , in Indian Philosophy the term Darsana is used in the meaning meaning provided above.

    It may be called as Perspective.

    Reality or Truth has many facets.

    One discerns what one is inclined to

    The six systems of Hinduism are.

    They are called the Shad (six) Darsana

    Nyaya,the realism school emphasizing analytics and logic,

    Vaiseshika,the naturalism school with atomistic themes and related to the Nyaya schoo

    Sankhya, the rationalism school with dualism and atheistic themes,

    Yoga,school similar to Samkhya but accepts personally defined theistic themes,

    Purva Mimamsa or  Mimamsa), the ritualism school with Vedic exegesis and philology emphasis

    Uttara Mimasa or Vedanta, the Upanishadic tradition, with many sub-schools ranging from dualism to non-dualism.

    ‘

    It has nothing to do with the belief in God.

    One can be a Hindu and remain an Atheist ,like Carvakas, Buddhist,Ajivaka.

    These are totally opposed to Vedas and deny their authority.

    Orthodox systems are those which believe in the Authority of the Vedas.

    Those, like Jainism are called Heterodox and they do not believe in the Vedas.

    Even among the Orthodox systems which believe in the authority of the Vedas deny God, like The Nyaya System.

    Please read my articles on FAQs of Hinduism.

    I shall e writing in detail on each of these systems in detail.

    Reference and citation.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_philosophy