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Tag: Yajur-Veda

  • Yajnavalkya Compiler Shukla Yajur Veda Satapatha Brahmanas

    Of the Four Vedas, Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva,Yajur veda has two aspects.

    Krishna Yajur and

    Shukla Yajur.

    Sage Yajnavalkya.jpg Sage Yajnavalkya.

    The Shukla Yajur Mantras are longer and more detailed.

    The reason attributed is that though these Mantras have been revealed by Lord Surya, The Sun God directly to Sage Yajnyavalkya, as these Mantras were not initiated by a Guru, as recommended by the Vedas, more Mantras are provided to compensate the issue of not being initiated bya Guru.

    Yajnyavalkya was a Disciple of Vaisampayana.

    The Sages used to meet often to exchange views on the Vedas, much like the Academics of today.

    On one such occasion, Vaisampayana asked one of his disciples(Not Yajnyavalkya) to represent him.

    Yajnavalkya informed the Guru that he would represent him and he argued with Vaisampayana on this issue.

    Annoyed Vaisampayana admonished Yajnavalkya for questioning the Guru, being argumentative and advised Yajnyavalkya to leave  after returning the Vedas he had learnt.

    Yajnavalkya is the first recorded Sage in History.

    ‘

    As per the demands of his Guru, Yājñavalkya vomited all the knowledge that he acquired from his teacher in form of digested food. Other disciples of Vaisampayana took the form ofpartridge birds and consumed the digested knowledge (a metaphor for knowledge in its simplified form without the complexities of the whole but the simplicity of parts) because it was knowledge and they were very eager to receive the same.

    The Saṃskṛt name for partridge is “Tittiri”. As the Tittiri (partridge) birds ate this Veda, it is thenceforth called the Taittirīya Yajurveda. It is also known as Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda or Black-Yajurveda on account of it being a vomited substance. The Taittirīya Saṃhitā thus belongs to this Yajurveda.

    Then Yājñavalkya determined not to have any human guru thereafter. Thus he began to propitiate the Sun God, Surya. Yājñavalkya worshipped and extolled the Sun, the master of the Vedas, for the purpose of acquiring the fresh Vedic portions not known to his preceptor, Vaiśampāyana.

    The Sun God, pleased with Yājñavalkya penance, assumed the form of a horse and graced the sage with such fresh portions of the Yajurveda as were not known to any other. This portion of the Yajurveda goes by the name of Śukla Yajurveda or White-Yajurveda on account of it being revealed by Sun. It is also known as Vajasaneya Yajurveda, because it was evolved in great rapidity by Sun who was in the form of a horse through his manes.The rhythm of recital of these vedas is therefore to the rhythm of the horse canter and distinguishes itself from the other forms of veda recitals. In Sanskrit, term “Vaji” means horse. Yājñavalkya divided this Vajasaneya Yajurveda again into fifteen branches, each branch comprising hundreds of Yajus Mantras. Sages like Kanva, Madhyandina and others learnt those and Śukla Yajurveda branched into popular recensions named after them.

    It is important to note that within the hierarchy of Brāhmaṇas, certain sects believe in the Kṛṣṇa Yajurveda while others practice from the Śukla Yajurveda.

    Yājñavalkya married two wives. One was Maitreyi and the other Katyaayanee. Of the two, Maitreyi was a Brahmavadini (one who is interested in the knowledge of Brahman).The descendant sects of Brahmans are the progeny of the first wife Katyaayanee. When Yājñavalkya wished to divide his property between the two wives, Maitreyi asked whether she could become immortal through wealth. Yājñavalkya replied that there was no hope of immortality through wealth and that she would only become one among the many who were well-to-do on. When she heard this, Maitreyi asked Yājñavalkya to teach her what he considered as the best. Then Yājñavalkya described to her the greatness of the Absolute Self, the nature of its existence, the way of attaining infinite knowledge and immortality, etc. This immortal conversation between Yājñavalkya and Maitreyi is recorded in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad.

    Wisdom of Yājñavalkya is shown in Brhadaranyaka Upanishad where he gives his teachings to his wife Maitreyi and King Janaka.[6] He also participates in a competition arranged by King Janaka about the selecting great Brhama Jnani (knower of Brahman). His intellectual dialogues with Gargi (a learned scholar of the times) form a beautiful chapter filled with lot of philosophical and mystical question-answers in Brhadaranyaka Upanishad. He was then praised as the greatest Brahmajnyani by all the sages at the function organised by king Janaka. In the end, Yājñavalkya took Vidvat Sanyasa (renunciation after the attainment of the knowledge of Brahman) and retired to the forest..

    Satahapatha Brahmanas.

    This deals more with the Karma Kanda, performance of Rituals.

    The Shatapatha Brahmana (शतपथ ब्राह्मण śatapatha brāhmaṇa, “Brahmana of one hundred paths”, abbreviated ŚB) is one of the prose texts describing the Vedic ritual, associated with the Shukla Yajurveda.[1] It survives in two recensions, Madhyandina (ŚBM, of the vājasaneyi madhyandina śākhā) and Kanva (ŚBK, of the kāṇva śākhā), with the former having the eponymous 100 chapters (adhyayas), 7,624 kandikas (parts) in 14 books, and the latter 104 chapters, 6,806 kandikas in 17 books.

    Linguistically, the Shatapatha Brahmana belongs to the later part of the Brahmana period of Vedic Sanskrit (i.e. roughly the 8th to 6th centuries BCE, Iron Age India).[2]

    Jan N. Bremmer dates it to around 700 BCE.[3] According to Julius Eggeling, the final version of the text was committed in 300 BCE, although some of its portions are “far older, transmitted orally from unknown antiquity”.

    Among the points of interest in the text are its mythological sections, including the myths of creation and the Deluge of Manu.The creation myth has several similarities to other creation myths, including the use of primordial water (similar to the Bible), the explanation of light and darkness, the separation of good and evil, and the explanation of time. The text describes in great detail the preparation of altars, ceremonial objects, ritual recitations, and the Soma libation, along with the symbolic attributes of every aspect of the rituals.

    The 14 books of the Madhyandina recension can be divided into two major parts. The first 9 books have close textual commentaries, often line by line, of the first 18 books of the corresponding samhita of the Yajurveda. The following 5 books cover supplementary and ritualistically newer material, besides including the celebrated Brhadaranyaka Upanishad as most of the 14th and last book.

    The Shatapatha Brahmana of Madhyandina School was translated into English by Julius Eggeling, in the late 19th century, in 5 volumes published as part of the Sacred Books of the East series. The English translation of Kanva School was done by W.E. Caland in 3 parts.

    Citations.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shatapatha_Brahmana

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yajnavalkya

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  • Rig Yajur Atharva Vedas Hymns Explain Electricity.Text

    Rig Yajur Atharva Vedas Hymns Explain Electricity.Text

    I have written about the ancient Indian Texts talking on Electricity.

    Also how the first two lines of the Purusha Suktha has been used, with the help of Magnets to Produce Electricity.

    The Hindu Texts, the Vedas, Rig ,Atharva speak about the nature of electricity.

    More texts form other ancient sources speak of Airplanes,Gravity propelled Machines, Anti Matter.

    Here I am quoting the relevant texts on electricity.

    ‘

    Chapter 1: Hymn VII
    Verse 2: Nav Yo Navati Puro bibhed bahvotjasaa
    Ahi Cha vritrahaavadheet

    Translation : Electricity , which breaks, by the energy of its arms the 99 cities, destroys the cloud, which covers the rays of the sun, the source of all energy and power.

    Verse 3: Sa na Indrah Shivah sakhashwavad gomadvavama
    Urudhaarev dohate

    Translation : That very electric power may be our peaceful friend, providing us with the horse-power to drive our machines, light to light up our houses, and power to produce grains in the fields. Let it bring on prosperity and well-being for us by flowing into numerous currents.

    Verse 4: Indra Kratuvidang sutang somang harya purushtut
    Piba vrishaswa taatripim

    Let electricity, so highly spoken of by many learned people, help extract the essence of medicines, thus produced by those, who are well-versed in manufacturing things. Let it keep safe and shower, on us the rain, satisfying all.

    Chapter 3 :Hymn XXXI

    Verse 1: Taa Vajrinam Mandinam Stomyam mad indram rathe vahato haryataa haree
    Purunyasmay savanaani haryata indraaya somaa harayo dadhanwire

    Translation : Those two speedily moving forces of attraction and repulsion propel the electric current, powerful like the thunderbolt, pleasant and praiseworthy, in this pleasant plane or car. Manifold are the generating powers for the refulgent electricity borne by speedy moving Somas – various kinds of liquid fuels.

    Verse 2: Arang Kaamaay Haryo dadhanwire sthiraay hinvanharayo Haree tura
    Arvadbhiyor Haribhijorshameeyate so asya kaamam harivantamaanashe

    Translation : The above mentioned speedy forces of two kinds set in motion strong currents, capable of maintaining steady progress in the attainment of one’s objective in plenty. Whatever complex is attained by these fast moving horsepowers, is enough to achieve the beautiful objective of his, the manufacturer.

    Chapter 2: Hymn XV

    Verse 2: Adha te vishwamanu haasadishtaya aapo nimneva savanaa havishmatah
    Yatparvate na samasheeta haryata indrasya vajrah shnathita hiranyayah

    Translation : Just as all productive works of the manufacturer depend upon waters flowing down with speed, so do all the desired objects of him depend upon you (Electricity), as its powerful striking force cannot be obstructed by any cloud, or mountain in the way. It smashes all impediments, with its radiant energy.

    Verse 3: Asmay Bheemaaya namasaa samadhwara usho na shubhra aa bharaa paneeyase
    Yasya dhaam shravase naamendriyam jyotirkaari harito naayase

    Translation : O well-versed engineer make use of this terrible electric power fit to be utilized for useful purposes by controlling it, for non-violent, brilliant light like the dawn. It has the potentiality to help hearing, control energy and spread light in all quarters.

     

    Chapter 2: Hymn XV

    Verse 6: Twam tamindra parvatam mahaamurum vajrena vajrinparvshashchakartitha
    Avaasrijo nivritaah satarvaa apah satraa vishwam dadhishe kevalam sahah

    Translation : Just as the thundering electricity reduces the vast cloud to nothing by its thunderbolt, so do you, O King, equipped with piercing weapons like the thunderbolt, smash into pieces the vast armies of the enemy, consisting of various units, by your striking power like the thunderbolt. Just as the waters of the cloud released by the electricity, fall down and flow over the earth, similarly the well-equipped armies of the enemy; being subdued by the might of the king are duly regulated by him. Truly do you alone, O King, hold all the power to subdue the foes.

    Verse 5: Indra Idhyorah sacha sangmishal aa vachoyuja
    Indro vajri Hiranyah

    Translation : Electricity is well mixed up with Prana and Apana, the 2 horsepowers, yoked to power of speech. Electric power has the striking power of a deadly weapon and is full of brilliance.

    Verse 1: Pra te mahe vidathe shansisham hari pra te vanve vanusho haryatam madam
    Dhritam na yo haribhishcharu sechat aa tva vishantu harivparsang girah

    Translation : O electricity, I fully praise thy two forces of protection and destruction in this great universe, which is a great sacrificial place or battlefield of life. I highly cherish your beautiful exhilaration, destroying the evil forces of the enemy. You shower various forms of fortunes through your blessing powers of speedy action, like waters from the clouds. Let all praises find their abode in you of charming splendor.

    Verse 3: So asya vajro harito ya aayso harinirkaamo harira gabhastyoh
    Dhumni sushipro harimanyusayaka indre ni roopa harita mimikshire

    Translation : Here is the blue-green colored thunderbolt of iron of the king. There is also the beautiful horse of iron of high speed. Here is also the horsepower of the rays of electricity. There is also the shining arrow, capable of destroying the pride of the enemy and having a very high speed. In short many kinds of weapons have been made through electric power for the king.

    Verse 4: Divi na keturadhi dhaayi haryato vivayachadvajro harito na ranghaya
    Tudadahi harishipro ya aayasah sahastrashokaa abhavadharibharah

    Translation : Like a radiant spot, it is well placed in the heavens, then with a high speed, the terribly destructive missile, made of iron, possessing speed of electric power, crushing the serpent natured enemy, becomes lit up with thousands of lights and loaded with destructive ray of various kinds.

    Chapter 3: Hymn:XXI

    Verse 7: Yudha yudhmup ghedeshi dhrishnuya pura puram samidam hansyojasa
    Namya yadindra sakhya paraavati nibrahyo namuchi naam maayinam

    Translation : O mighty King, you can easily get at the striking power of the enemy by your overwhelming striking force. Being well-entrenched in your sheltered place of defense, you can thoroughly break the defenses of the enemy to smithereens. Completely crush the deceitful enemy, unfit to be left alive, through your faithful ally, although stationed at a distance.

    Verse 8: Tvam karnyajmut parnayam vadhistejisthayaatithigvasya vartani
    Tvam shata vaddagridasyaabhintpuronaanudah parishuta rijishvana

    Translation : O mighty electricity, you kill the violent enemy, equipped with speedy means of communication like cars or airships, a hindrance in the way of people who are worthy of respect, cows or land by your consuming and splendorous power. You shatter the 100 forts of the adversary who obstructs your communications or breaks your regulations and does not pay tribute to you established by straightforward negotiations.

    Verse 9: Tvametam janrajyo dwidarshaabandhuna sushrvasopajagmushah
    Pashisht sahastra navati nava shruto ni chakrena rathya dushpadavrinak

    Translation : O electricity, you can by your circular motion like the wheel of a chariot, which is too powerful to be checked, well keep under control all these 20 basic elements, 6099 organic and inorganic bodies, by a single transmitter of high quality, with no other force to help it.

    Verse 10: Tvamaavitha sushravasam tavotibhistava traambhirindra tuvrayaanam
    Tvamasmay kutsamatithigvamaayum mahe raagye yoone arndhanaayah

    Translation : O electricity, you keep in safety this good listening set, by your means of safety and protect the commander, with speedy mobile forces by your strong means of defense. You control the sharp weapons, equipped with the striking power of limitless time and speed for this great, youthful king.

    Chapter 4: Hymn XXXVII

    Verse 4: Tvam nibhinirmano devavitao bhooreeni vritraa haryashava hansi
    Tvam ni dasyum chumuri dhuni chasvaapyo dabhitaye suhantu

    Translation : O electrical currents of high voltage, safely carried by electric wires, you kill many enemies in the war, waged by learned persons or through the help of natural forces. To keep all the evil forces under control, you, being well-equipped with good means of destruction completely lay down to lasting sleep (death) the evil forces that rob and harass the general public.

    The atomic energy fissions the ninety-nine elements, covering its path by the bombardments of neutrons without let or hindrance. Desirous of stalking the head, ie. The chief part of the swift power, hidden in the mass of molecular adjustments of the elements, this atomic energy approaches it in the very act of fissioning it by the above-noted bombardment. Herein, verily the scientists know the similar hidden striking force of the rays of the sun working in the orbit of the moon.” (Atharva-veda 20.41.1-3).

    Rig Veda.

    Rig Veda 1.119.10
    “With the help of bipolar forces (Asvins), you should employ telegraphic apparatus made of good conductor of electricity. It is necessary for efficient military operations but should be used with caution.”

    Yajur Veda On Electricity.

    Through astronomy, geography, and geology, go thou to all the different countries of the world under the sun. Mayest thou attain through good preaching to statesmanship and artisanship, through medical science obtain knowledge of all medicinal plants, through hydrostatics learn the different uses of water, through electricity understand the working of ever lustrous lightening. Carry out my instructions willingly.” (Yajur-veda 6.21).

    ” O royal skilled engineer, construct sea-boats, propelled on water by our experts, and airplanes, moving and flying upward, after the clouds that reside in the mid-region, that fly as the boats move on the sea, that fly high over and below the watery clouds. Be thou, thereby, prosperous in this world created by the Omnipresent God, and flier in both air and lightning.”  (Yajur-veda 10.19).

    http://booksfact.com/vedas/atharva-veda/electrical-energy-usage-in-atharva-veda.html

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