Tag: Rigveda

  • Vedas On Magnetism Rig Veda Verses

    Of all the Physical Sciences if one has to name an area of which we know precious little, it is Magnetism.

     

    You may add gravitation to this list.

     

    We have developed Technologies based on Magnets/Magnetism , but the core issues we know about Magnetism is Very very limited.

     

    What do the Vedas Say on Magnetism?

     

    Voltaire on Hinduism
    Voltaire‘s Quote On Hinduism

     

     

    1.There are two Poles.

     

    2.The North Pole is called The ‘Abhimukh’, the South Pole ”Parangmukh’

     

    3.Like Poles repel (Rig Veda -Verse 19,Chapter 164,Tome 1).

     

    There are 52 verses devoted to this subject Magnetism.

     

    4.The North Pole gives out energy, the south receives it, thus completing the cycle. Nourishment is provided to those within the belt.

     

    Atharva Veda also speaks of Magnetism.

     

    Yuvam Pedavii puruvaremashwina Sprudham Shwetam Terutaram Duvasythah

    Sharairbhidyum prutunasu Dushtare Chakrutyamindremiv charshaneesaham

    Agniveer.com explains the meaning like this: Ashvina:  Bipolar forces (Ashwin are considered a duo which exist together) Yuvam: You bothPedave: That causes rapid movementSpridham: for military and noble purpose. Pritanaasu: destroying armies Chakrityam: that causes continuous movement Shwetam: with utmost speed. Puravaram: for multiple means of attaining success. Dushtaram: Which cannot be escaped. Charshaneesaham: which is robust Sharyaih:which can be stopped and started again and again. Abhidyum:charged with electricity Indramiv: Powerful and fast Tarutaram: made of metal wire and to communicate Duvyasthah: develop

    The conclusion is that this stanza indicates bipolar magnetism.

     

    Developing this further There are verses explain Holograms and Holographic Universes.

     

    References:

     

    Dictionary Of Rig Veda By  Grassmann, Hermann, 1809-1877. in German and Sanskrit

     

    Enhanced by Zemanta
  • Veda Verses On Electricity Power Generation

    I am searching the Vedic Texts for Modern Concepts of Physics and sharing them.

     

    I have posted articles on Atomic Theory,Quantum Physics, The Velocity of Light,Gravity, Architecture, Microbiological,Advanced Surgery including

     

     

    Plastic Surgery,Atomic Weapons,Advanced Concepts concerning Multi verses, Theory that goes beyond Quantum Mechanics,Aviation,Spaceships,

     

    Atomic weapons.

     

    <img src="Four vedas.jpg" alt="Four Vedas"
    ” class /> Four Vedas

     

    Here I am sharing the verses from the Vedas on Electricity with out my comments, for the verses are self-explanatory.

     

    I shall be posting an article on the generation of Electricity based on The Purusha Sukta, with the Photo of the prototype.

     

     

    (Rig. 1.32.13). To begin with, there is the description electricity which forms in the clouds in the form of lightning.

    Though it has tremendous power, it does not interfere with the solar power.

    However, Lord Indra can vanquish Vritra with the help of lightning.

    �(Rig. 1.23.12). We get electricity which emits blinding light, which we use for all kinds of tasks.

    �(Rig. 1.6.5). This Mantra describes generation of electricity with the help of machines run on wind power.

    Electricity can be easily produced where winds are strong. (Rig. 1.64.9)

    This Mantra instructs about use of electricity in aeroplanes.

    It also describes land vehicles driven with electrical power.

    �(Rig. 8.64.29).

    Many kinds of jobs are performed with the help of electricity, using attraction, retraction, vaporization, freezing, air circulation, as well as generation of new substances

    �(Rig. 1.168.8).

    When rains pour down on the earth from clouds, water in rivers gets agitated. Generation of electricity with the help of this agitated water brings smiles all around, meaning that the earth gets lighted up with lights run on electricity. God, you are great! What extraordinary knowledge you have provided in the Veds!.

    �(Rig. 3.1.14). Intelligent people combine life and soul.

    Similarly, electricity and fire are combined on the earth, and this knowledge is worth attaining for getting our wishes fulfilled. (Rig. 5.52.6).

    Wise and learned persons should attain enlightenment of knowledge about electricity etc, just as the armed forces bring lights into the life of people by protecting the nation.

    �(Rig. 5.54.11). This Mantra describes the equipment soldiers should carry.

    They must have sufficient arms, food, high quality airplanes, glinting armors to guard their bodies, helmets to protect their heads, powerful electrical rays that can destroy the enemy planes

    . This clearly means that there is a description of power electrical beams of waves or rays to be used by armed forces in the Veds.

    �(Rig. 5.86.3). This Mantra advices kings and emperors that just as the sun uses its powerful rays to destroy clouds and causes rains on the earth which brings happiness to the people, the kings and emperors too should use the power of electricity to destroy enemies and bring happiness to their subjects.

    �(Rig. 5.87.10). This Mantra describes that we can clearly listen to our speech elsewhere, with the help of vibration of electrical waves.

    Verse 2: Nav Yo Navati Puro bibhed bahvotjasaa
    Ahi Cha vritrahaavadheet

    Electricity , which breaks, by the energy of its arms the 99 cities, destroys the cloud, which covers the rays of the sun, the source of all energy and power.

    This initial description describes the inherent properties of of electrical energy. Here the “arms of electricity” refers to positive and negative currents. The 99 cities refers to the 99 elements, as known to modern day scientists. In Vedic terminology, these essential elements were known as “Bhogas”.

    Verse 3: Sa na Indrah Shivah sakhashwavad gomadvavama
    Urudhaarev dohate

    That very electric power may be our peaceful friend, providing us with the horse-power to drive our machines, light to light up our houses, and power to produce grains in the fields. Let it bring on prosperity and well-being for us by flowing into numerous currents.

     

    Verse 4: Indra Kratuvidang sutang somang harya purushtut
    Piba vrishaswa taatripim

    Let electricity, so highly spoken of by many learned people, help extract the essence of medicines, thus produced by those, who are well-versed in manufacturing things. Let it keep safe and shower, on us the rain, satisfying all.

     

    Chapter 3 :Hymn XXXI

    Verse 1: Taa Vajrinam Mandinam Stomyam mad indram rathe vahato haryataa haree
    Purunyasmay savanaani haryata indraaya somaa harayo dadhanwire

    Those two speedily moving forces of attraction and repulsion propel the electric current, powerful like the thunderbolt, pleasant and praiseworthy, in this pleasant plane or car. Manifold are the generating powers for the refulgent electricity borne by speedy moving Somas – various kinds of liquid fuels.

    Verse 2: Arang Kaamaay Haryo dadhanwire sthiraay hinvanharayo Haree tura
    Arvadbhiyor Haribhijorshameeyate so asya kaamam harivantamaanashe

    The above mentioned speedy forces of two kinds set in motion strong currents, capable of maintaining steady progress in the attainment of one’s objective in plenty. Whatever complex is attained by these fast moving horsepowers, is enough to achieve the beautiful objective of his, the manufacturer.

    Chapter 2: Hymn XV

    Verse 6: Twam tamindra parvatam mahaamurum vajrena vajrinparvshashchakartitha
    Avaasrijo nivritaah satarvaa apah satraa vishwam dadhishe kevalam sahah

    Just as the thundering electricity reduces the vast cloud to nothing by its thunderbolt, so do you, O King, equipped with piercing weapons like the thunderbolt, smash into pieces the vast armies of the enemy, consisting of various units, by your striking power like the thunderbolt. Just as the waters of the cloud released by the electricity, fall down and flow over the earth, similarly the well-equipped armies of the enemy; being subdued by the might of the king are duly regulated by him. Truly do you alone, O King, hold all the power to subdue the foes.

    The inference is quite obviously to weapons utilizing electricity. “Piercing weapons like the thunderbolt” is a clear pointer to surges of exceedingly high voltage. The lethal electric weapons are used to counter various units of the army. This is another clue, for as discussed above, the EMP effect can be used to advantage for a number of targets ranging from computers, to communication systems. Apparently electricity was employed as one of the primary weapons in military combat during the Vedic era.

    Chapter 4: Hymn XXXVIII

    Verse 5: Indra Idhyorah sacha sangmishal aa vachoyuja
    Indro vajri Hiranyah

    Electricity is well mixed up with Prana and Apana, the 2 horsepowers, yoked to power of speech. Electric power has the striking power of a deadly weapon and is full of brilliance.

     

    Citations.

    Vedas on Electricity and Power Generation

     

    Electricity in The Vedas

     

    Enhanced by Zemanta
  • What Are Veda Suktas Samhitas Detailed List

    The Vedas are the Scriptures of the Hindus, transmitted Orally for over Five Thousand years.

     

    These are Four in Number and each of them are divided into Four portions,

    Rig Veda Mantra on Agni,Fire
    Rig Veda Mantra on Agni,Fire

    Samhita,which consists predominantly of Hymns.   Bahmnanas, which mainly speak of duties to be performed by a House-holder,

     

    Aranyakas, which contain instructions to be followed when one retires to forest and meditates on The Reality and

     

    The Upanishads, which are inquiries into the Nature of the elf and/Reality.

     

    For more on Vedas please read pots filed under Indian Philosophy/Hinduism.   Samhitas mean ‘Compilation of Knowledge.’

     

     

    • The Samhitas form the first part of each of the four Vedas. As Samhita is the collection of the mantras, so sometimes Samhitas are referred to as Mantras. Most of these mantras or hymns are concerned with nature and deities.

     

    Every Veda contains Mantras / Suktas   सूक्त sUkta n. Vedic hymn 
    सूक्त sUkta n. song of praise 
    सूक्त sUkta adj. well or properly said or recited
    सूक्त sUkta adj. well said 
    सूक्त sUkta n. wise saying 

     Vedic Suktas: 


    A Suktam is a part or portion of Vedic verses in praise of a Deity or group of Deities to please accordingly, and to have a desire fulfilled.

     

    Many Suktas are simple Prayers without any specific mundane goal, the goal being Self Realization.

     

    Each Mantra is of any of these three types.

     

    Rik- Metrical and obeys one of any 100 defined Meters, Verse of Illumination.

     

    Yajur Mantra is Prose.

     

    Sama is detailed rhythmic  singing of A Mantra.

     

    Rig Veda and Atharva Veda have only Rks.

     

    Yajur has both Rk and Yajur(Prose)

     

    There are common verses in both Rig Veda and Yajur Veda Samhitas.

     

    Rig Veda Samhita.

     

    “This is the oldest Vedic text, as also the largest.

     

    It comprises of 10552 mantras in 1028 hymns (=Suktas).

     

    The hymns are divided amongst 10 books called the ‘mandalas’.

     

    Mandala 9 has 114 hymns address to Soma. Mandalas 1 and 10 are considered later additions, for most part.

     

    The Rigveda Samhita is often also divided into 8 parts called ‘Ashtakas’ which are further divided into 8 chapters each.

     

    Thus, there are 64 chapters according to this classification, which is later than the Mandala scheme’.

     

    Sama Veda Samhitas have 1875 Riks.

     

    Yajur Veda.

     

    Shukla Yajur has 3988 Mantras.

     

    Krishna Yajur 700 Mantras.

     

    Atharva Veda Samhita   Atharvaveda Samhitas are Shaunakiya and Paippalada.

     

    The former has 5977 mantras arranged in 20 books called ‘kandas’ while the latter has approximately 7950 mantras arranged in as many kandas.

     

    List of Suktas.

    • From Rigveda
      • aa no bhadraa suukta
      • aayushya suukta
      • aghamarshhaNa suukta
      • Agni Suktam [09:11]
      • akshiibhyam te suukta
      • Alakshmee Naashana Suktam [01:18]
      • Ambhrnee Suktam [02:33]
      • Anna Suktam [14:49]
      • Apratiratham,
      • Baliththaa Suktam [01:42]………………..10
      • Bhagya Suktam [02:07]
      • bhUsUkta
      • Brahma,
      • Brahmanaagni Suktam [01:20]
      • Brahmanaspati,
      • Dasa Shanti
      • devIsukta
      • Dhruva Suktam [02:32]
      • Durgasuktam
      • duurvaa suukta……………………………..20
      • Ganapathy Suktam [18:48]
      • Gharma Suktam [02:50]
      • Ghosashanthi
      • Gnana Suktam [03:32]
      • Go Suktam [02:45]
      • Hiranyagarbha Suktam [03:10]
      • Keshee Suktam [01:42]
      • Kumara,
      • Manyu Suktam [04:30]
      • Manyu Suktam [07:18]…………………….30
      • medha suukta
      • mruttikaa suukta
      • Nakshatra Suktam [10:04]
      • nArAyaNasUkta
      • nAsadIya sUkta
      • Nashta Dravya Prapti Suktam [01:51]
      • Nathamamhona Suktam [02:12]
      • Navagraha Mantraha [08:42]
      • niiLaa suukta
      • Oshadhi Suktam [05:25]…………………..40
      • Pancha Suktam
      • Panchashanthi
      • Patanga Suktam [01:15]
      • Pavamaana Suktam [02:50]
      • Purusha Suktam [03:53]
      • Raja Yakshma Naashana Suktam [01:40]
      • Rakshogna Suktam [10:16]
      • Rathree Suktam [01:34]
      • Rishabha Suktam [01:24]
      • roganirvaaNa suukta………………………..50
      • Rudra Suktam [11:39]
      • sa.nGYAnasUkta
      • Samudra Suktam [03:28]
      • sarasvatii suukta
      • Saraswathi Suktam [09:50]
      • Sarpa,
      • Shanti Mantraha [22:27]
      • shrI sUkta
      • Sowra Suktam [14:00]
      • Sraddha Suktam [01:26]……………………60
      • Srisuktam
      • trisuparNa mantra
      • Vaastu Suktam [01:38]
      • Vaayu Suktam [01:24]
      • Varunasuktam
      • Vishnu Suktam1 [11:17]
      • Vishnu Suktam2 [00:44]
      • Viswakarma Suktam [03:52]
      • Vivaha Mantraha [11:46]
      • Yakshma Naashana Suktam [01:44]………70
    • (FrommahaanaaraayaNopanishhat)
      • duurvaa suukta
      • mruttikaa suukta
      • aghamarshhaNa suukta
      • trisuparNa mantra (to be chanted during serving of food)

    Citations. Vedic Samhitas Brahmanas  pdf.   Sanskrit documents     Related articles

    Enhanced by Zemanta
  • Hinduism Fifty Thousand Years Old Rig Veda

     

    The first Human Literature of th world, The Rig Veda of the Hindu’s is dated around 5000 BC

     

    It refers to River Sarasvati which flowed once in India and joined the Arabian Sea.

     

    Satellite  images have confirmed that river Sarasvati existed and there have research papers stating that a Civilization flourished on the banks of the River Sarasvati.Please

    read my posts on this.

     

    Now there are research papers quoting the Rig Veda , and the recent archaeological  evidence , state that there existed another River from the Himalayaso joining the Arabian Sea.

     

    And there were urban settlements , numbering around 800!

     

    And the same research also states that The RigVeda has also been speaking of this Land mass’ culture.

     

    And adds that the Hindus lived even 50, 000 years ago practicing Sanatana Dharma.

     

    So, the scientists noticed that it
    appeared to be older than the European cultures. Since the European
    languages were related to the Indian language Sanskrit of the Vedas
    that could only mean that the European peoples had to have come out
    of India somehow and then gone to Europe with their languages that
    differentiated into Russian, English, Spanish, German and the rest of
    them. The European investigators didn’t like that idea because it would
    have given the Vedic culture a position superior to their own. So, these
    early cities in the Indus Valley like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro have
    been identified by archaeologists such as Richard Meadows and others
    as being non-Vedic. They think the Vedic culture came into India maybe
    3500 years ago.Isn’t that inconsistent with the concept of the Vedas of
    the Krishna character who comes and says the universe is teeming with
    life and appears to have knowledge about other habitations in the cosmos
    and is talking from an age that would go back at least 9,500 years?In these
    ancient Sanskrit writings, there is no hint at all that the culture came from
    anywhere else.And if they are the prime source and if the Vedic literature
    can be taken literally, then it implies that there were cities there inhabited
    at least several thousand years ago.

    Yes, and there has been other research going on in that area. For
    example, the Rg Veda, which is one of the earliest Vedic literatures,
    talks about a mighty river called the Saraswati that flowed from the
    Himalayan mountains down to the Arabian Sea, down in that area of
    northwestern India. And such a river doesn’t exist there today. So,
    what happened is that people thought therefore the Rg Veda cannot
    be talking about India. It has to be talking about some other place
    outside of India where there was some kind of river.

    But what happened that is quite interesting a few years ago is that
    archaeologists in India started studying the satellite photographs from
    American satellites like LANDSAT had been providing and they
    noticed there was a dry river channel that began up in the Himalayas,
    a huge river that went down almost to that Bay of Khambaht
    (Cambay) we are talking about (the location of the underwater
    city site). And then later, they found that on the banks of that river
    there were 800 to 1000 urban sites, archaeological sites.So, it does
    appear that what the Rg Veda was talking about, a mighty river lined
    with cities in India over 5,000 years ago – that has to be true. The last
    time that river had water in it was over 5,000 years ago?Is there a
    possibility that there could have been some sort of non-human
    co-habitation on the continent of India let’s say 50,000 years ago
    that could explain all of the Vedas?

    Yes. In Kashmir, the valley of Kashmir, it appears it was many years
    ago a lake. Now, there is an ancient Sanskrit manuscript that tells of
    a lake that existed in that area, so that account is there in some ancient
    writings. Now, according to modern geological reporting, about 40,000
    years ago Kashmir was indeed a lake in the valley of Kashmir in northern
    India. It was covered by a huge lake and it was blocked on the southern
    end by a little range of mountains. And at a certain point, something
    happened and it broke open and the lake drained out. That happened
    about 40,000 to 50,000 years ago. So, it is interesting that you’ve got
    this ancient historical record that talks about this lake. And if it is to be
    taken literally, then it means that somebody must have seen this lake
    as it existed 50,000 years ago and wrote about it.”

    Sources.

    Forbidden Archaeology

    Forbidden Archeology: The Hidden History of the Human Race by Michael A. Cremo and Richard L. Thompson quickly became a best selling underground classicwith over 200,000 copies sold and translations in more than 13 languages  This massive work spawned waves of resistance and wonder amongst the scientific community, with over 900 pages of well-documented evidence suggesting that modern man did not evolve from ape man, but instead has co-existed with apes for millions of years!

    Michael Cremo lectures to academic, popular, and scientific audiences around the world in a continuing challenge to Darwinian evolution.

    I shall be writing on this in detail.

    Hinduism is over 50,000 years Old.

    http://ramanisblog.in/2013/08/16/rig-veda-date-components-details/

     

    Enhanced by Zemanta
  • How To Chant The Vedas

    Unlike The Other Religions, The Vedas  are not transmitted in the written Form.

     

    They are transmitted by Oral tradition.

     

    Sounds in Sanskrit
    Sanskrit Sounds in Language Image Credit. Bharatkalyan blogspot

     

    Strictly speaking The Vedas are not to be learnt through the written Form but by ‘Hearing, Listening”

     

    This process of hearing or listening is usually set as 12 years, starting from the age of 5.

     

    The Vedas are to be intoned, not even chanted.

     

    For, the Vedas are based , not on the words,but on the Sounds that have been grasped by the Rishis from the Akasa,Ether in a flash of intuition.

     

    Svara, Note is very important.

     

    Equally important is the Akshara, the syllables constituting the Swara..

     

    The Swara and the letters are to rendered as grasped initially by the Rishis and expressed through the Vedas.

     

    The recitation of Vedas is also conditioned by the Matras, the time taken to recite a Syllable and the pauses one makes while rendering the Vedas.

     

    Neither the Sruthi, the syllable nor the intonation Swara should be in disharmony.

     

    The synchronized  rendering of Sruthi (Syllable) and Swara,Tone  makes the rendering of the Vedas effective.

     

    There are different ways/types of rendering the Vedas.

     

    Rules have been set forth to combine words and syllables so that they are not altered.

     

    According to this the words of a mantra are strung together in different patterns like “vakya”, “pada”, “karma”, “jata”, “mala”, “sikha”, “rekha”, “dhvaja”, “danda”, “ratha”, “ghana”.

     

    Ghanapatam:

    The chanting of the scripture up to the advanced stage is called “ghana”. “Pathin” means one who has learnt the “patha”.

     

    When we listen to ghanapathins chant the ghana, we notice that he intones a few words of a mantra in different ways, back and forth.

     

    There are other methods of chanting like karma, jata, sikha, mala.

     

    The  purpose of these methods is to ensure that even not even a syllable of a mantra is altered to the slightest extent.

     

    The words are braided together.

     

     

     

     

     

    In “vakyapatha” and “samhitapatha” the mantras are chanted in the original (natural) order, with no special pattern adopted.

    In the vakyapatha some words of the mantras are joined together in what is called “sandhi“.

    There is sandhi in Tamil also; but in English the words are not joined together.(Sandhi may be loosely translated as Conjunction)

    You have many examples of sandhi in the Tevaram, Tiruvachakam, Tirukkural, Divyaprabandham and other Tamil works.

    Because of the sandhi the individual words are less recognisable in Sanskrit than even in Tamil.

    In padapatha each word in a mantra is clearly separated from the next.

    It comes next to samhitapatha and after it is kramapatha. In this the first word of a mantra is joined to the second, the second to the third, the third to the fourth, and so on, until we come to the final word.

    In old inscriptions in the South we find the names of some important people of the place concerned mentioned with the appellation “kramavittan” added to the names. “Kramavittan” is the Tamil form of “kramavid” in the same way as “Vedavittan” is of “Vedavid”. 

    In jata patha, the first word of the mantra is chanted with the second, then the order is reversed-the second is chanted with the first.

    Then, again, the first word is chanted with the second, then the second with the third, and so on.

    In this way the entire mantra is chanted, going back and forth. In sikhapatha the pattern consists of three words of a mantra, instead of the two of jata.

    Ghanapatha is more difficult than these.

    There are four types in this method. Here also the words of a mantra are chanted back and forth and there is a system of permutation and combination in the chanting. 

    Samhitapatha and padapatha are called “prakrtipatha” (natural way of chanting) since the words are recited only once and in their natural order.

    The other methods belong to the “vikrtipatha” (artificial way of chanting) category. (In krama, though the words do not go in the strict natural order of one-two-three, there is no reversal of the words-the first after the second, the second after the third, and so on. So we cannot describe it fully as vikrtipatha).

    Leaving out krama, there are eight vikrti patterns and they are recounted in verse to be easily remembered.

    Jata mala sikha rekha dhvaja dando ratho ghanah

    Ityastau-vikrtayah proktah kramapurva maharsibhih

    All these different methods of chanting are meant to ensure the tonal and verbal purity of the Vedas for all time. 

    In pada the words in their natural order, in krama two words together, in jata the words going back and forth.

    The words tally in all these methods of chanting and there is the assurance that the original form will not be altered.

    The benefits to be derived from the different ways of chanting are given in this verse.

    Samhitapathamatrena yatphalam procyate budhaih

    Padu tu dvigunam vidyat krame tu ca caturgunam

    Varnakrame satagunam jatayantu sahasrakam

    The various pathas or recitation styles are designed to allow the complete and perfect memorization of the text and its pronunciation, including the Vedic pitch accent. Eleven such ways of reciting the Vedas were designed – Samhita, Pada, Krama, Jata, Maalaa, Sikha, Rekha, Dhwaja, Danda, Rathaa, Ghana, of which Ghana is usually considered the most difficult.[3]

    The students are first taught to memorize the Vedas using simpler methods like continuous recitation (samhita patha), word by word reciation (pada patha) in which compounds (sandhi) are dissolved and krama patha (words are arranged in the pattern of ab bc cd…); before teaching them the eight complex recitation styles.[4]

    pathin is a scholar who has mastered the pathas. Thus, a ghanapaathin (or ghanapaati in Telugu) has learnt the chanting of the scripture up to the advanced stage of ghana. The Ghanapatha or the “Bell” mode of chanting is so called because the words are repeated back and forth in a bell shape. The sonority natural to Vedic chanting is enhanced in Ghana. In Jatapatha, the words are braided together, so to speak, and recited back and forth.[5]

    The samhita, pada and krama pathas can be described as the natural recitation styles or prakrutipathas.

    The remaining 8 modes of chanting are classified as complex recitation styles or Vikrutipathas as they involve reversing of the word order. The backward chanting of words does not alter the meanings in the Vedic (Sanskrit) language.

    Mnemonic.

    Prodigious energy was expended by ancient Indian culture in ensuring that these texts were transmitted from generation to generation with inordinate fidelity.

     

    Towards this end, eight complex forms of recitation or pathas were designed to aid memorization and verification of the sacred Vedas. The texts were subsequently “proof-read” by comparing the different recited versions.

     

    Some of the forms of recitation are —

    • The jaṭā-pāṭha (literally “mesh recitation”) in which every two adjacent words in the text were first recited in their original order, then repeated in the reverse order, and finally repeated again in the original order.[7] The recitation thus proceeded as:

    word1word2, word2word1, word1word2; word2word3, word3word2, word2word3; …

    • In another form of recitation, dhvaja-pāṭha (literally “flag recitation”) a sequence of N words were recited (and memorized) by pairing the first two and last two words and then proceeding as:

    word1word2, word(N-1)wordN; word2word3, word(N-3)word(N-2); …; word(N-1)wordN, word1word2;

    • The most complex form of recitation, ghana-pāṭha (literally “dense recitation”), according to (Filliozat 2004, p. 139), took the form:

    word1word2, word2word1, word1word2word3, word3word2word1, word1word2word3; word2word3, word3word2, word2word3word4, word4word3word2, word2word3word4; …These extraordinary retention techniques guaranteed the most perfect canon not just in terms of unaltered word order but also in terms of sound.

     

    That these methods have been effective, is testified to by the preservation of the most ancient Indian religious text, the Ṛgveda (ca. 1500 BCE).

     

    Similar methods were used for memorizing mathematical texts, whose transmission remained exclusively oral until the end of the Vedic period (ca. 500 BCE).

     

    Citation.

     

    Culled form the Speeches of Kanchi Periyavar.

     

    Check the following Link for more information.

     

    Vedic Chanting

     

     

     

    Enhanced by Zemanta