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Tag: Iran

  • Upanayana, Navjote For Zoroastrians Zend Avesta Veda Connection

    Iran was  apart of Hindu Empire during the Vedic Period.

    This continued to be so till Vikramaditya’s period.

    The Faravahar, believed to be a depiction of a fravashi. image.png
    The Faravahar, believed to be a depiction of a fravashi

    The customs and cultural behaviour of the Zoroastrians  indicate the Vedic roots of Zoroastrianism.

    A treaty signed by the Hittites and Mitannis dating to the fourteenth century BC calls upon Indara/Indra, Mitras(il)/Mitra, Nasatianna/Nasatya and Uruvanass(il)/Varuna, all known to Rig-Veda and Avesta.

    Hittites and Mitannis were from North Syria.

    I had posted articles about the Vedic /Tamil origin of these people.

    Though there are similarities  the roles of the Devas seem to have been reversed.

    (haoma (soma), daha(dasa), hepta (sapta), hindu (sindhu), and Ahura (Asura) in Avesta)

    Indra and the devas  are demonic in Avesta,and Ahura/asura is considered the highest deity.

    “At the time of composition of the Vedas, Varuna was losing his importance to Indra. In Avesta, Ahura Mazda  is the main divinity and some people think that he is thesame as Varuna. Varuna sat with his spies who flew all around the world and bought back reports on the conduct of mortals. He abhorred sin and loathed evil deeds prompted by anger, drink and gambling.”

    Probably a sect left on this issue and had a role in this difference.

    Rig Veda is dated around 5000 BC while Avesta is dated around 1000 BC.

    The Chief God worshiped in the Vedas is Agni,Fire.

    Zoroastrians are Fire worshipers.

    Another important connection is Upanayana ceremony which is the primary duty of a Hindu.

    Zoroastrians have a similar Ceremony  ‘Navjote’

    ‘The Navjote[pronunciation?] (Persian: سدره‌پوشی, Sedreh pushi‎) ceremony is the ritual through which an individual is inducted into theZoroastrian religion and begins to wear the Sedreh and Kushti. The term navjote is used primarily by the Zoroastrians of India (theParsis), while sedreh pushi is used primarily by the Zoroastrians of Iran. Zoroastrians from Pakistan consisting of both Parsis andIranis use both terms…

    Although there is no upper limit to the age of the individual for which the ceremony takes place, in common practice it occurs before a girl or boy reaches maturity. Under no circumstances is it permitted to be done for a child less than seven years of age since the child at that age range cannot comprehend the significance of the event.

    In Vendidad 18.54, individuals above the age of 15 (once considered the age at which one attained adulthood) who are not yet been invested are said to be likely to fall into evil ways. In the 9th-12th century texts of Zoroastrian tradition, the same group are said to bekushad davarashni, literally “running about improperly clothed”. So for instance Menog-i Khrad 2.35 and the Book of Arda Viraf(25.6.10). The latter considers such a thing to be a service to demons (the daevas). Other texts of tradition that define adulthood as the boundary include the Sad-dar 10.1 and Shayast na-Shayast 10.13. ,.

    The ceremony is traditionally the first time a Zoroastrian wears the sedreh undershirt and kushti belt, which they then continue to wear for the rest of their life. The sacred clothing signifies parental responsibility as well as responsibility for the one who is undergoing this ceremony. When the child wears the sacred clothes, it means the parents are now obligated to morally and religiously educate the child. If the child commits a wrongful act, it is their responsibility, as they may also take some pride in themselves when their child commits a righteous act. The sacred thread and shirt also teach the child responsibility, as they are to be untied before certain practices, such as prayer, bathing, and before meals, and re-tied shortly after the task is completed.

    The shirt has a construction extremely specific to this culture.

    Upanayana of Hinduism.

    Upanayana is an important Samskara, duty of a Hindu.

    The three Varnas, Brahmana, Kshatriya and Vaisya must have this performed.

    Read my posts on Samskaras.

    The wearing of the sacred thread opens the inner eye.

    One becomes a Dwija, born for the second time.

    The Upaveeda must remain clean.

    It has to be changed periodically.

    It is also changed for special occasions like Marriages,Homas,Poojas,Apara Kriyas.(https://ramanisblog.in/2014/10/17/yagnopaveeda-dharana-mantra-poonal/)

    Zoroastrianism.

    Zoroastrianism was founded by the Prophet Zoroaster (or Zarathustra) in ancient Iran. The precise date of the founding of Zoroastrianism is uncertain. An approximate date of 1500–1200 BCE has been established through archaeological evidence and linguistic comparisons with the Hindu text Rig Veda. However there is no way of knowing exactly when Zoroaster lived, as he lived in what, to his people, were prehistoric times. Depending on different approaches, it is thought that he lived some time between 1700 BCE to 500 BCE .Zoroaster was born in either Northeast Iran or Southwest Afghanistan. He was born into a Bronze Age culture with a polytheistic religion, which included animal sacrifice and the ritual use of intoxicants. This religion was quite similar to the early forms of Hinduism in India. The name Zoroaster is a Greek rendering of the nameZarathustra. He is known as Zartosht and Zardosht in Persian and Zaratosht in Gujarati. Zoroaster’s birth and early life are little documented. What is known is recorded in theGathas—the core of the Avesta, which contains hymns thought to be composed by Zoroaster himself. Born into the Spitama clan, he worked as a priest. He had a wife, three sons, and three daughters. Zoroaster rejected the religion of the Bronze Age Iranians, with their many gods and oppressive class structure, in which the Karvis and Karapans(princes and priests) controlled the ordinary people. He also opposed animal sacrifices and the use of the hallucinogenic Haoma plant (possibly a species of ephedra) in rituals, but held the rooster as a “symbol of light”and associated the cock with “good against evil” because of his heraldic actions..

    * Cock is associted with Sunbrahmanya.

    According to Zoroastrian belief, when Zoroaster was 30 years old, he went into the Daiti river to draw water for a Haoma ceremony; when he emerged, he received a vision ofVohu Manah. After this, Vohu Manah took him to the other six Amesha Spentas, where he received the completion of his vision.[51] This vision radically transformed his view of the world, and he tried to teach this view to others. Zoroaster believed in one creator God, teaching that only one God was worthy of worship. Furthermore, some of the deities of the old religion, the Daevas (Devas in Sanskrit), appeared to delight in war and strife. Zoroaster said that these were evil spirits and were workers of Angra Mainyu, God’s adversary.

    Zoroaster’s ideas did not take off quickly, and, at first, he only had one convert: his cousin Maidhyoimanha.The local religious authorities opposed his ideas. They felt their own faiths, power, and particularly their rituals, were threatened because Zoroaster taught against over-ritualising religious ceremonies. Many ordinary people did not like Zoroaster’s downgrading of the Daevas to evil spirits. After 12 years, Zoroaster left his home to find somewhere more open to new ideas. He found such a place in the country of King Vishtaspa (in Bactria). The King and his queen, Hutosa, heard Zoroaster debating with the religious leaders of his land, and decided to accept Zoroaster’s ideas and make them the official religion of their kingdom. Zoroaster died in his late 70s. Very little is known of the time between Zoroaster and the Achaemenian period, except that, during this period, Zoroastrianism spread to Western Iran. By the time of the founding of the Achaemenid Empire, Zoroastrianism was already a well-established religion.

    Humata, Hukhta, Huvarshta (Good Thoughts, Good Words, Good Deeds) are the basic tenets of the religion.

    Faravahar (or Ferohar), one of the primary symbols of Zoroastrianism, believed to be the depiction of aFravashi (guardian spirit)

    In Zoroastrianism, Ahura Mazda is the beginning and the end, the creator of everything that can and cannot be seen, the Eternal, the Pure and the only Truth. In the Gathas, the most sacred texts of Zoroastrianism thought to have been composed by Zoroaster himself, the prophet acknowledged devotion to no other divinity besides Ahura Mazda.

    Daena (din in modern Persian) is the eternal Law, whose order was revealed to humanity through the Mathra-Spenta (“Holy Words”).Daena has been used to mean religion, faith, law, and even as a translation for the Hindu and Buddhist term Dharma. The latter is often interpreted as “duty” but can also mean social order, right conduct, or virtue. The metaphor of the “path” of Daena is represented in Zoroastrianism by the muslin undershirt Sudra, the “Good/Holy Path”, and the 72-thread Kushti girdle, the “Pathfinder”.

    Daena should not be confused with the fundamental principle asha (Vedic rta), the equitable law of the universe, which governed the life of the ancient Indo-Iranians. For these, asha was the course of everything observable—the motion of the planets and astral bodies; the progression of the seasons; and the pattern of daily nomadic herdsman life, governed by regular metronomic events such as sunrise and sunset. All physical creation (geti) was thus determined to run according to a master plan—inherent to Ahura Mazda—and violations of the order (druj) were violations against creation, and thus violations against Ahura Mazda. This concept of asha versus the druj should not be confused with the good-versus-evil battle evident in western religions, for although both forms of opposition express moral conflict, the asha versus druj concept is more systemic and less personal, representing, for instance, chaos (that opposes order); or “uncreation”, evident as natural decay (that opposes creation); or more simply “the lie” (that opposes truth and righteousness). Moreover, in his role as the one uncreated creator of all, Ahura Mazda is not the creator of druj, which is “nothing”, anti-creation, and thus (likewise) uncreated. Thus, in Zoroaster’s revelation, Ahura Mazda was perceived to be the creator of only the good (Yasna 31.4), the “supreme benevolent providence” (Yasna 43.11), that will ultimately triumph (Yasna 48.1).

    A Parsi Wedding, 1905

    In this schema of asha versus druj, mortal beings (both humans and animals) play a critical role, for they too are created. Here, in their lives, they are active participants in the conflict, and it is their duty to defend order, which would decay without counteraction. Throughout the Gathas, Zoroaster emphasizes deeds and actions, and accordingly asceticism is frowned upon in Zoroastrianism. In later Zoroastrianism, this was explained as fleeing from the experiences of life, which was the very purpose that the urvan (most commonly translated as the “soul”) was sent into the mortal world to collect. The avoidance of any aspect of life, which includes the avoidance of the pleasures of life, is a shirking of the responsibility and duty to oneself, one’s urvan, and one’s family and social obligations.

    Central to Zoroastrianism is the emphasis on moral choice, to choose the responsibility and duty for which one is in the mortal world, or to give up this duty and so facilitate the work of druj. Similarly, predestination is rejected in Zoroastrian teaching. Humans bear responsibility for all situations they are in, and in the way they act toward one another. Reward, punishment, happiness, and grief all depend on how individuals live their lives.

    Reference.

    References: Early India by Romila Thapar, The Wonder That Was India by A. L. Basham. See Also: Avestan and Vedic

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navjote

    Zoroastrianism Wiki.

  • Caspian Sea Kashyapa Sagar Of Hinduism

    Sage Kashyapa is the Grand Old Sire of Hinduism.

    He is one of the Saptha Rishis, Seven Sages of Hinduism

    The Rishis determine the Sruthi to be followed.

    They change for each Manvantara.

    The Rishi are seers who know, and by their knowledge are the makers of shastra and “see” all mantras. The word comes from the root rish Rishati-prapnoti sarvvang mantrang jnanena pashyati sangsaraparangva, etc. The seven great Rishi or saptarshi of the first manvantara are Marichi, Atri, Angiras, Pulaha, Kratu, Pulastya, and Vashishtha. In other manvantara there are other sapta-rshi. In the present manvantara the seven are Kashyapa Atri, Vashishtha, Vishvamitra, Gautama, Jamadagni, Bharadvaja. To the Rishi the Vedas were revealed. Vyasa taught the Rigveda so revealed to Paila, the Yajurveda to Vaishampayana, the Samaveda to Jaimini, Atharvaveda to Samantu, and Itihasa and Purana to Suta. The three chief classes of Rishi are the Brah-marshi, born of the mind of Brahma, theDevarshi of lower rank, and Rajarshi or Kings who became Rishis through their knowledge and austerities, such as Janaka, Ritaparna, etc. Thc Shrutarshi are makers of Shastras, as Sushruta. The Kandarshiare of the Karmakanda, such as Jaimini.

    For the present Manvantara,Vaivasvatha Manvatara,Kashyapa is one of the Saptha Rishis.

    He s the son-in-law of Daksha Prajapati, the progenitor of Mankind.

    Kashyapa is mentioned in all the Hindu Puranas,Sikhism.

    He was married to Danu, daughter of Daksha, who was the mother of the Danavas.

    On Rishis please read my Post.

    The Celts worship Dandu and call themselves as the People/Tribes of Danu.

    Caspian Se, NASA Satelittle Image.jpg
    This is a view from orbit of the Caspian Sea as imaged by the MODIS sensor on the Terra satellite. Caption: The original caption from NASA: ::”The northern part of the Caspian Sea is plagued by a process called eutrophication, in which agricultural run-off rich in fertilizers stimulates rampant growth of algae in the water. The death and decay of these algae robs the water of oxygen, with obvious negative consequences for aquatic life. This image of the Caspian Sea shows swirls of green and blue near the mouth of the Volga River (top center), which indicate the presence of algae. The bright blue color of the northeastern part of the sea may be due to a mixture of plant life and sediment, for this is where the sea is most shallow. This image is from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra satellite on June 11, 2003. “Caspian Sea from orbit” by Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team, NASA/GSFC – http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=5514Transferred from English Wikipedia, original upload 2 November 2004 by Kbh3rd. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons – http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caspian_Sea_from_orbit.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Caspian_Sea_from_orbit.jpg

    Please read my post on this.

    Kashyapa is mentioned predominantly in the north and northwest of India.

    Kashmir, India is named after Kashmir,

    Kashmir has a huge lake Satisara.

    Sara means lake or a mountain.

    I take the view that this refers to Mountain range as Shiva’s wife Sat was born here.

    Some legends in Kashmir state that the large lake  was called Kasyapa Sira.

    Kashyapa Sira came to be known as Kashmir.

    Mira in Sanskrit means lake,

    Note the word Mariner.

    It is from the word Mira, to denote Navigator.

     

    Caspian Sea.

    The word Caspian is derived from the name of the Caspi (Persian کاسی), an ancient people that lived to the west of the sea in Transcaucasia.[6] Strabo wrote that “to the country of the Albanians belongs also the territory called Caspiane, which was named after the Caspian tribe(Kaswan, Kashyap Jat clans), as was also the sea; but the tribe has now disappeared”.[7] Moreover, the Caspian Gate, which is the name of a region in Tehran province of Iran, is another possible piece of evidence that they migrated to the south of the sea.

    The root of the word Caspian can also be traced to Sanskrit.

     

    In Hinduism, Caspian Sea was called the Kashyapa Sagar.

     

    The Caspian Sea is named after a tribe from the province of Gilan (or Guilan) in Iran. Caspi and Amardi (who lived in the Sepid Rud valley) were the main two tribes during the Achaemenid dynasty era. The Achaemenids ruled around the 5th Century BC.

    The sage Kashyap was regarded as the founder of Kashmir. At the time he lived in the area, it is believed that most of the land was submerged under water, and the water body was called Kashyap Sar.

    ‘According to the Nilmat Purana, the land of Kashmir was occupied by a vast lake called “Satisara”. On the basis of this fact, the word “Kashmir” is derived from Sanskrit “Kashyapa + Mira” which means the sea lake or the mountain of sage Kashyapa. Kashyapa was the originator of Kashmir.'(Yahoo Answers)

    Valley of kashmir was occupied by two tribes Pisachas and Nagas.

     

    The Kashmir valley was a vast lake called Satisaras, named after Sati or Parvati the consort of Shiva.

    The lake was inhabited by the demon Jalodbhav.

    ‘Kashmir Region was inhabited by two tribes — the Nagas and thePisachas.

    The lake was drained off by leader of the Nagas called Ananta (Anantnag region of Kashmir is named after him) to capture and kill the demon. Ananta later names the valley as Kashapa-mira after his father Kashapa.-Nilamat Purana

    Prajapati Kashapa killed Jalodbhava with the help of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva.

    The lake was then drained and comes to be known as Kash-mira after the Rishi Kashayapa’-Rajatharangini by Kalhana.

    It may be note that the Iran’s tribes descended from the Hindus and some of them mover to the Caspian .

    Hindu Puranas say it was drained.

    The Caspian Sea.png
    Map of the Caspian Sea, yellow shading indicates Caspian drainage basin. (Since this map was drawn, the adjacent Aral Sea has greatly decreased in size) “Caspianseamap”. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons – http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caspianseamap.png#mediaviewer/File:Caspianseamap.png

    Maps show it was Drainage Basin.

     

    References and Citation.

    Kashyapa

    Chekc the following Link for the Book by Arthur Avalon on Saptha Rishis and some interesting information on Hinduism

    arthur Avalon

  • Krishna In Iraq Iran Israel Kishon River

    The Yadava Clan,  twenty-two in number,after the Mahabharata War, migrated towards Iran and spread to Iraq and move on to Israel before proceeding further.

    In the Iranian city of Susa of Parthian period(247 BC -224 AD) was found a statue of Lord Krishna.

    Krishna Bust excavated from the ancient city of Susa,Iran.Image.jpg
    Krishna Bust excavated from the ancient city of Susa, Iran Hair style with Feathers and Angavstra s seen.

    As to the word Parthian, one of the name of Arjuna is Partha and Krishna is also known as Parthasarathy.

    Krishna as Balakrishna.jpg
    Krishna as Balakrishna.

     

    The above one is from Iraq, where a stamp was issued to celebrate the Mosul spring Festival.

     

    In Israel there is a River Kishon.

    ‘The Kishon River (Hebrew: נחל הקישון‎, Nachal HaKishon; Arabic: نهر المقطع‎, Nahr el-Mokatta,[1][2] or Mukutta’,[3] – the river of slaughteror dismemberment; Alternative Arabic, الكيشون al-Qisun) is a river in Israel that flows into the Mediterranean Sea near the city of Haifa.-wiki

    And there is a Town called as Bal Gad.

    A place in ancient Israel, Baal-Gad was a Canaanite town in the valley of Lebanon at the foot of Hermon, near the source of Jordan River. (Josh. 13:5; 11:17; 12:7) It was the most northern point to which Joshua’s conquests extended. It probably derived its name from the worship of Baal. Its exact location is uncertain, but it is generally considered to be Hasbaya in Wadi et-Teim or a site nearby.-wiki

    Easton’s suggests that its modern representative is Banias. Some have supposed it to be the same as Baalbek. Others have suggested that it is the same location as Baal-hamon

    The Canaanite God Thunder is Baal.

    Krishna as a Child is worshiped as Balakrishna.

    See the Image.

    Is this Krishna with calf?

    And Krishna is called fondly as Kanhaiya in the North.

    Is this Canaan”

    Prof. P. N. Oak has argued that Baal is none other than Baleshwara or Sri Krishna and that the Canans were the people of Kanha or Sri Krishna.

    Krishna with Calf. image.jpg
    Krishna with Calf.

     

    The Canan-ite God Baal with his Calf.jpg
    The Canan-ite God Baal with his Calf.

     

  • First Pyramid Builder Roman Emperor With Vaishanava Marks

    Mittani are the ancient people in Mesopotamia.

    They were the ancestors of the Egyptians.

    Look at the Sanatana Dharma connection.

     

    Mitanni (/mɪˈtæni/; Hittite cuneiform KUR URUMi-ta-an-ni; also Mittani Mi-it-ta-ni) or Hanigalbat (Assyrian Hanigalbat, Khanigalbatcuneiform Ḫa-ni-gal-bat) or Naharin in ancient Egyptian texts was a Hurrian-speaking state in northern Syria and southeast Anatoliafrom ca. 1500 BC–1300 BC. Founded by an Indo-Aryan ruling class governing a predominantly Hurrian population, Mitanni came to be a regional power after the Hittite destruction of Amorite[1] Babylon and a series of ineffectual Assyrian kings created a power vacuum in Mesopotamia.

     

    The Mittanni was in northern Mesopotamia , roughly from 1500-1300 BC.

    At its height the empire extended from Kirkuk (ancient Arrapha) and the Zagros Mountains in the east through Assyria to the Mediterranean Sea in the west.

     

    Mittani Kings, but the Egyptian Pharaohs have also have been known to have a major Indic influence.
    Egyptian King with Vaishnava marks.image.jpg
    Egyptian King with Vaishnava marks.
    These Kings and even a Roman Emperor sported Thiruman, The Vaishnavite marks on their Body.
    Mittani and Egyptian King with Vaishnava Marksjpg.
    Mittani and Egyptian King with Vaishnava Marks.

     

    The Sun King Akhenaten of Egypt who ruled between 1352-1336 BC was a son-in-law of Tushratta, the Mitanni king. The name Tushratta has been recorded in the Hittite cuneiform script.

    Roman Emperor with Vaishnava Marks.image.jpg
    Roman Emperor with Vaishnava Marks.

    Some have suggested that the Sanskrit origin of Tushratta is Dasaratha, a few others that it is Tvesaratha (having splendid chariots), a name which is attested in the Rigveda.

    Mittani Empire.Image.jpng
    Mittani Empire.

     

    “The first Mitanni king was Sutarna I (good sun). He was followed by Baratarna I (or Paratarna great sun), Parasuksatra(ruler with axe),…. Saustatar (Sauksatra, son of Suksatra, the good ruler), Artadama (abiding in cosmic law)..Tushratta (Dasaratha), and finally Matiwazza (Mativaja, whose wealth is thought) during whose lifetime the Mitanni state appears to have become a vassal to Assyria”. Subhash Kak traces the ‘arna’ syllable in the names of the kings to ‘araNi’ (अरणि) meaning ‘sun’…

    (Akhenaten, Surya, and the Rigveda’, Prof Subhash Kak (an Indian American computer scientist, previous Head of Computer Science Department, Oklahoma State University)

    ‘ “A number of Indo-European sounding words have been identified in the cuneiform documents of the Mitanni kingdom (1500-1200 BC). In addition to nouns and adjectives with parallels in Sanskrit this Hurrian speaking kingdom had kings with Indo-Aryan names and two documents even list the main Gods of the Indian pantheon….”

    (‘About the  Mittani-Aryan Gods’, Arna ud Fournet)

    Citation,

     

  • Lord Rama’s Chapel In UR Iraq

    Lord Rama seems to have been popular in Mesopotamia anda Chapel of Lord Rama was found by archeologists.

    ‘Ur (Sumerian: Urim;[1] Sumerian Cuneiform: 𒋀𒀕𒆠 URIM2KI or 𒋀𒀊𒆠 URIM5KI;[2] Akkadian: Uru;[3] Arabic: أور‎) was an importantSumerian city-state in ancient Mesopotamia, at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar (Arabic: تل المقير‎) in south Iraq’s Dhi Qar Governorate.[4] Although Ur was once a coastal city near the mouth of the Euphrates on the Persian Gulf, the coastline has shifted and the city is now well inland, south of the Euphrates on its right bank, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from Nasiriyah.[5]

    Map showing Ur in Mesopotamia.jpg
    Map showing Ur in Mesopotamia.Image credit odysseyadventures

    The city dates from the Ubaid period circa 3800 BC, and is recorded in written history as a City State from the 26th century BC, its first recorded king being Mesh-Ane-pada. The city’s patron deity was Nanna (in Akkadian, Sin), the Sumerian and Akkadian (Assyrian-Babylonian) moon god, and the name of the city is in origin derived from the god’s name, URIM2KI being the classical Sumerian spelling of LAK-32.UNUGKI, literally “the abode (UNUG) of Nanna (LAK-32)”

    Ruins of UR Sumeria.jpg
    Ruins of UR. Credit.”Ur-Nassiriyah” by M.Lubinski from Iraq,USA. – Flickr. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons – http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ur-Nassiriyah.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Ur-Nassiriyah.jpg

     

    Lord Rama's Chapel in UR.jpg
    Lord Rama’s Chapel in UR.

    ‘One of the major triumphs of modern archaeology was the hair-raising discoveries of Sir Leonard Woolley at Ur. Amidst the ruins of Ur, he unearthed a Ram-chapel but totally missed its relevance in world history. This crucial finding not only bridges the wide gaps between Indian tradition and archaeology but also unfolds the historic bonds that once united ancient India, Iran and Sumer. Ram-Sin of (Larsa) to whose memory this chapel was dedicated must have been Rama of Valmiki. The name Ararama of Larsa may be an echo of Rama. This Ram-Chapel of Ur is the earliest known memorial to the great Rama and may have been erected by Dilmun merchants who resided nearby. Dilmun was always mentioned in the Sumerian texts together with Magan and Melukkha and it is possible that these three states were somehow allied to each other.’

     

    ‘ In the highly authentic Sumerian king list appears such hallowed names as Bharat (Warad) Sin and Ram Sin. As Sin was the Moon god Chandra Ram Sin can be seen to be same as Rama Chandra. Bharat Sin ruled for 12 years (1834-1822 BC), exactly as stated in the Dasaratha Jataka. The Jataka statement, “Years sixty times hundred, and ten thousand more, all told, / Reigned strong-armed Rama”, only means that Rama reigned for sixty years which agrees exactly with the data of Assyriologists. Ram Sin was the longest reigning monarch of Mesopotamia who ruled for 60 years. The mention of the father in the inscriptions of both Warad Sin and Ram Sin is noteworthy and may point to a palace intrigue. Joan Oates is not aware of the Ramayana but writes with great insight (p. 61) that Warad sin was manoeuvred to the throne by his father. In Mesopotamia, a prince normally became king only after the death of his father. Lakshmana, mentioned the Bible as Lakhamar, ruled as a great king.

    “Ur was a city in the region of Sumer, southern Mesopotamia, in what is modern-day Iraq. According to biblical tradition, the city is named after the man who founded the first settlement there, Ur, though this has been disputed. The city’s other biblical link is to the patriarch Abraham who left Ur to settle in the land of Canaan. This claim has also been contested by scholars who believe that Abraham’s home was further north in Mesopotamia in a place called Ura, near the city of Harran, and that the writers of the biblical narrative in the Book of Genesis confused the two. Whatever its biblical connections may have been, Ur was a significant port city on the Persian Gulf which began, most likely, as a small village in the Ubaid Period of Mesopotamian history (5000-4100 BCE) and was an established city by 3800 BCE continually inhabited until 450 BCE.”

    Citation,

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur

    https://kalyan97.wordpress.com/2007/10/08/988/

    http://www.ancient.eu/ur/

     

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