Tag: Atharvaveda

  • Microbiology Darwinism In Ancient Hindu Texts Vedas

     

    Ancient Vedic Indians, during the Vedic period have developed advanced knowledge in Microbiology.

     

    Biology and Surgery were developed and practiced.

     

    They knew the classification of Species.

     

    Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution , Survival of the Fittest was expressed.

     

    Microbiology in The Vedas
    Vedic Microbiology. Image credit Chakradhar

     

    An Santi Parva of Mahabharata,Section XV Arjuna speaks of the world of Microbes,’which ,though not seen by the naked eyes, support Life”

     

    Talks of Darwinism when he says that the strongest survive by feeding and annihilating them.

     

    The Mobile and the Immobile world is Food for Living creatures.

     

    Jainism had such an advanced knowledge and Piety, the Jain Monks use to sweep the path they travel gently with a fan made of Peacock feathers to make sure that the smaller organisms are not unintentionally killed by them.

     

    Kara , Dhooshana,  Inderjith and Ravana’s Moola Sena were adept at fighting biological warfare.

     

    Our Vedic literature recorded about 740 plants and 250 animals.

    ¨      The first attempt of classification is observed in Chandyogya Upanishad, which classified animals into three categories — Jivaja(Viviparous = giving birth to young ones), e.g. mammals, Andaja(Oviparous = egg lying), e.g. birds, reptiles, insects and worms, andUdbhija (Vegetal origin), e.g. minute animals. Post-Vedic Indian literature, such as Susruta Samhita (600 BC) classified all ‘substances’ into sthavara (immobile), e.g. plants, jangama (mobile), e.g. animals.

    ¨      Plants were further subdivided into Vanaspati (fruit yielding non-flowering plants), Vriksha (both fruit yielding and flowering plants),Virudha (shrubs and creepers), and Osadhi (plants that die with ripening of fruits).

    Susruta described in detail the parts of plants, such as Ankura (sprout), Mula (root), Kanda (bulb or stem), Patra (leaf),Pushpa (flower), Phala (fruit), etc.

    ¨      Susruta Samhita also mentioned about classification of animals, such as Kulacara (those herbivores who frequent the river banks, e.g. elephant, buffalo, etc.), Matsya (fish), Janghala (wild herbivorous quadrupeds, e.g. deer), Guhasaya (carnivorous quadrupeds like tiger, lion, etc.). Susruta Samhita also records some observations on snakes (both venomous and non-venomous) and leeches.

     

    They knew about Microbes and about fermentation.

     

    They were aware of the exact combinations and temperatures at which fermentation takes place in preparing Buttermilk,Curds,Liquor.

     

    The existence of Lives , which are smaller and Microscopic was analysed.

     

    Germ theory of diseases was first established by Vedic Rishis and was recorded in Vedas.

     Vedas are first text in the world to record nexus between microbes and disease.

    In Vedas, prime etiological factors of diseases mentioned are–

     

    a) Endogenous toxins, its accumulations, and causation of a disease; b) ‘Krimi’ –’Drisya’ (visible), ‘Adrisya’ (invisible); and c) Imbalance of tridosha.

    Rigveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda followed by Āyurvedas provide rich insight into microbial sciences that existed in Bharat many thousands of years ago.

    In Rigveda (1/191), Rishị Agastya pinpoints out that there are two types of poisonous creatures viz. those exceedingly poisonous and others are less poisonous.

    Of them, some are visible venomous, while others are invisible one.

    Some of them live in water, while others live on earth.

    Perhaps Ṛsị Agastya is the first person to state that invisible creatures are also toxin producers.

    He also prescribes antidotes as remedy for the poison. Atharvaveda reiterates that whenever there is accumulation of toxins within the body, disease results.

    Use of Biological weapons of Mass Destruction was known.

    There are large number of suktas in the Vedas which provides information about microbiological knowledge in the ancient Vedic texts.

    KankotanSukta by Rishi Agastaya (Rigveda 1/191); KrimighnamSukta (Atharvaveda 5/23), KriminashnamSukta (AV. 2/32), KrimijambhanamSukta

    (AV. 2/31) all by Rishi Kanva; RakshognamSukta (AV. 5/29) by Rishi Chatan; KriminashnamSukta (AV. 4/37) by Rishi Badrayani and other suktas

    provides insight into the Microbial sciences in Vedas.

    Not only the Vedas, Ayurvedic texts like Charaka Samhita, Susruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya and many others provides rich insight into Vedic Microbiology.

     

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  • Veda Sutras Vedangas Details

    This post is in continuation of the Post Veda essential Details.

    Each Veda has Srautha Sutras.

    Veda Sutra
    Layayana Sutra Sama Veda

    Srautha Sutras explain the Rules for Conducting the Yagas and Yangnas.

    Yagas are condcuted with a specific purpose while Yagna is performed because it is a Duty.

    Puthra KameshtiYaga for example is a Yaga while Brahma Yagnam isa Yagna; the former is performed for begetting  Children, the later is performed because it is a Duty.

    Rig Veda has Sanakayana, Aswalaayana Sutras.

    Shukla Yajur Veda has Kathyaayana Sutra,

    Aapasthamba,Bodhayana,Hiranya Keseeya,Bharatwaja, Manava,Vaikanasa belong to Krishna Yajur.

    Sama Veda has Dhraahyaayana,Laatyaayana,Machaka Sutras.

    Kathyayana and Vaidhaana belong to Atharva Veda.

    (Kathyaayana seems to be common for Atharva and Shukla Yajur- will some one clarify?)

    These are Gruhya Sutras,

    Vedas also have Dharma/Gruhya Sutras which advise the House holder on Righteousness or Dharma for Gruhastha.

    Gautama, Vasishta,Hiranyakeseeya and Vaikaanasa are some of these Sutras.

    The Vedas stress the importance of Dwani, tone and pronunciation.

    Details of this is provided in the Prathisaakyas.

    Each Veda has Anugrahamani on this subject.

    To  explain the meaning of the Vedas there is a special Group called Niruktham.

    There are six sub texts of the Vedas called Vedangas.

    They are Siksha,Vyakarana,Chandas,NirukthamJyothisham and kalpa.

    Please read my post filed under Hinduism, Vedas.

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  • Ganesh Upanishad

    Of the reported 1008 Upanishads ,only 108 are in vogue.

    Sri Adi Shankaracharya has commented on the Ten Principal Upanishads.

    These are ,
    Volume 1 – Isa, Kena & Mundaka Upanishads

    Volume 2 – Katha & Prasna Upanishads

    Volume 3 – Chandogya Upanishad – Part 1

    Volume 4 – Chandogya Upanishad – Part 2

    Volume 5 – Aitareya & Taittiriya Upanishads

    Brihadaranyaka Upanishad – Swami Madhavananda 

    Mandukya Upanishad & Karika – Swami Nikhilananda

    There are lesser known Upanishads.

    Ganapathi Upanishad is one of them.

    On the Ganesha Chuturthi Day, I am posting the text and Video of the Ganapathi Upanishad.

    Om ! O Devas, may we hear with our ears what is auspicious;

    May we see with our eyes what is auspicious, O ye worthy of worship !

    May we enjoy the term of life allotted by the Devas,

    Praising them with our body and limbs steady !

    May the glorious Indra bless us !

    May the all-knowing Sun bless us !

    May Garuda, the thunderbolt for evil, bless us !

    May Brihaspati grant us well-being !

    Om ! Let there be Peace in me !

    Let there be Peace in my environment !

    Let there be Peace in the forces that act on me !

    Auspiciousness to those who hear —- thus the Santi.

    1. Om Gam. I bow to Ganapati.

    2. You clearly are the tattva. You alone are the creator. You alone are the maintainer. You alone are the destroyer. Of all this you certainly are Brahman. You plainly are the essence.

    3. Always I speak amrta. The truth I speak.

    4. Protect me. Protect the speakers. Protect the hearers. Protect the givers. Protect the holders. Protect the disciple that repeats. Protect that in the east. Protect that in the south. Protect that in the west. Protect that in the north. Protect that above. Protect that below. Everywhere protect! Protect me everywhere!

    5. You are speech. You are consciousness. You are bliss. You are Brahman. You are being-consciousness-bliss. You are the non-dual. You are plainly Brahman. You are knowledge. You are intelligence.

    6. You create all this world. You maintain all this world. All this world is seen in you. You are earth, water, air, fire, ether. You are beyond the four measures of speech. You are beyond the three gunas. You are beyond the three bodies. You are beyond the three times. You are always situated in the muladhara. You are the being of the three Saktis. You are always meditated on by yogins. You are Brahma, you are Visnu, you are Rudra, you are Agni, you are Vayu, you are the sun, you are the moon, you are Brahma, bhur-bhuvah-svar.

    7 Ga is the first syllable, after that the first letter, beyond that m, then the half-moon all together. Joined with m, this is the mantra form.

    8 The letter ga is the first form, letter a the middle form, m the last form. Bindu the higher form, nada the joining together, samhita the junction. This is the vidya of Lord Ganesa.

    9 Ganaka is the seer, nricad-gayatri the metre, Sri Mahaganapati the devata. Om ganapataye namah.

    10 Let us think of the one-toothed, let us meditate on the crooked trunk, may that tusk direct us.

    11. One tusk, four arms, carrying noose and goad, with his hands dispelling fear and granting boons, with a mouse as his banner.

    12. Red, with a big belly, with ears like winnowing baskets, wearing red, with limbs smeared with red scent, truly worshipped with red flowers.

    13. To the devoted a merciful deva, the maker of the world, the prime cause, who at the beginning of creation was greater than nature and man.

    14. He who always meditates thus is a yogin above yogins.

    15. Hail to the lord of vows, hail to Ganapati, hail to the first lord, hail unto you, to the big-bellied, one-tusked, obstacle-destroyer, the son of Siva, to the boon-giver, hail, hail!

    16. He who studies this atharva text moves towards Brahma. He is always blissful. He is not bound by any obstacles. He is liberated from the five greater and the five lesser sins. Evening meditation destroys the unmeritorious actions of the night. At both evening and morning he is liberated from the bad and he attains dharma, artha, kama and moksa.

    17. This atharva text should not be given to those not pupils. If from delusion a person so gives, he is a bad person.

    18. He who wants something may accomplish it by 1,000 recitations of this. He who sprinkles Ganapati with this becomes eloquent. He who recites this on a fourth day becomes a knower of vidya. This is an artharva saying: ‘‘He who moves towards Brahmavidya is never afraid.’’ He who worships with fried grains becomes famous and becomes intelligent. He who worships with sweet-meat (modaka) gains the desired fruit. He who worships with samit and ghee by him all is attained, all is gained by him. He who makes eight brahmËnas understand this becomes like the sun’s rays. In a solar eclipse, in a great river, or in front of an image having recited (this) he gets accomplished in the mantra. He becomes liberated from great obstacles. He is freed from great misfortunes.

    Om ! O Devas, may we hear with our ears what is auspicious;

    May we see with our eyes what is auspicious, O ye worthy of worship !

    May we enjoy the term of life allotted by the Devas,

    Praising them with our body and limbs steady !

    May the glorious Indra bless us !

    May the all-knowing Sun bless us !

    May Garuda, the thunderbolt for evil, bless us !

    May Brihaspati grant us well-being !

    Om ! Let there be Peace in me !

    Let there be Peace in my environment !

    Let there be Peace in the forces that act on me !

    Here ends the Ganapati Upanishad, as contained in the Atharva-Veda.

    Source:

    http://www.astrojyoti.com/ganapatiupanishad.htm

    Please read my Post Ganesh Chaturthi Pooja Mantra Details PatI and II.

  • Advanced Atomic Theory,Weapons In Hinduism

    Advanced Modern concepts in Hinduism includes the Atomic Theory in the Nyaya System of Indian Philosophy,Hinduism.

    Brahmastra.
    Effects of Brahmastra.
    These treatises postulates Boson, The God Particle and goes beyond this.

    Hindus wer aware of the Atomic structure  of things, events(yes, events for Hindus state that things non material do have atomic structure.

    They knew how to prepare Atomic weapons,  Counter Atomic weapons.

    So adept were they in understanding the nature of Atoms , they were able to distinguish between the Atoms making up one thing and another.

    Atoms are indivisible matter of Matter.(Anu)

    This has another finer particle that drives it or the cause for the Atoms to behave the way they do.

    They are called the Paramanu.

    These terms  are used extensively in the Vedas while describing the Reality describing It.

    The Atoms comprising of one matter, say a man, my be re regrouped to form another Matter, Bigger or Smaller.

    This is explained in the Siddhis or the powers acuired by a Yogi en route to Realization.

    They are named as Anima and Mahima( Smaller and Bigger)

    • Garima: becoming infinitely heavy
    • Laghima: becoming almost weightless
    • Prāpti: having unrestricted access to all places
    • Prākāmya: realizing whatever one desires
    • Iṣṭva: possessing absolute lordship
    • Vaśtva: the power to subjugate
    • While Prapti is the transportation(Teleporting) of Atoms to another place in Space and Time is the readjustment of Atoms, Ishtva and Vastva requires the entering of one group of Atoms into another.

    The following Secondary Siddhis are also obtainable by the manipulation of the Atoms.

    In the Bhagavata PuranaLord Krishna describes the ten secondary siddhis as:

    • anūrmi-mattvam: Being undisturbed by hunger, thirst, and other bodily disturbances
    • dūra-śravaṇa: Hearing things far away
    • dūra-darśanam: Seeing things far away
    • manaḥ-javah: Moving the body wherever thought goes (teleportation/astral projection)
    • kāma-rūpam: Assuming any form desired
    • para-kāya praveśanam: Entering the bodies of others
    • sva-chanda mṛtyuh: Dying when one desires
    • devānām saha krīḍā anudarśanam: Witnessing and participating in the pastimes of the gods
    • yathā sańkalpa saḿsiddhiḥ: Perfect accomplishment of one’s determination
    • ājñā apratihatā gatiḥ: Orders or commands being unimpeded
    1. Uuha: based on the samskaras of previous births the attainment of knowledge about the twenty-four Tatwas gained by examining the determinable and the indeterminable conscious and the non-conscious constituents of creation,
    2. Shabad: knowledge gained by associating with an enlightened person (Guru – upadesh),
    3. Addhyyan: knowledge gained through study of the Vedas and other standard ancillary texts,
    4. Suhritprapti: knowledge gained from a kind-hearted person, while engaged in the spread of knowledge
    5. Daan: knowledge gained regardless of one’s own needs while attending to the requirements of those engaged in the search of the highest truth,
    6. Aadhyaatmik dukkh-haan: freedom from pain, disappointment, etc.; arising due to lack of spiritual, metaphysical, mystic knowledge and experience,
    7. Aadhibhautik dukkh-haan: freedom from pain etc.; arising by possessing and being attached to various materialistic gains,
    8. Aadhidaivik dukkh-haan: freedom from pain etc.; caused by fate or due to reliance on fate, (Samkhya)

    How come the Hindus are able to describe these and how do we know about this.

    That these were known to Hindus from the Vedic period is noticed from the Atharva Veda where it describes the Occult Sciences.

    We know about these were facts from the Archaeological findings in Mohenja Daro.

    Gurkha, flying a swift and powerful vimana (fast aircraft)
    hurled a single projectile (rocket) charged with the power
    of the Universe (nuclear device). An incandescent column of
    smoke and flame, as bright as ten thousand suns, rose with
    all its splendor.
    It was an unknown weapon, an iron thunderbolt, a gigantic

    messenger of death, which reduced to ashes the entire race
    of the Vrishnis and the Andhakas.
    The corpses were so burned as to be unrecognizable.

    Hair and nails fell out; Pottery broke without apparent cause,
    and the birds turned white.
    …After a few hours all foodstuffs were infected…

    …to escape from this fire the soldiers threw
    themselves in streams to wash themselves and their
    equipment.” — The Mahabharata..

    It was a weapon) so powerful that it could destroy the earth
    in an instant  A great soaring sound in smoke and flames 
    And on its sits death…” – The Ramayana

    “Dense arrows of flame, like a great shower, issued
    forth upon creation, encompassing the enemy…
    A thick gloom swiftly settled upon the Pandava hosts.
    All points of the compass were lost in darkness.
    Fierce wind began to blow upward, showering dust and gravel.

    Birds croaked madly… the very elements seemed disturbed.
    The earth  shook,  scorched  by the terrible violent heat of this weapon.
    Elephants burst into flame and ran to and fro in a frenzy…
    over a vast area, other animals crumpled to the ground and died.
    From all  points  of  the compass  the  arrows  of  flame  rained
    continuously and fiercely. — The Mahabharata

    Place a well-cleaned copper plate in an earthenware vessel.
    Cover it first by copper  sulfate  and  then  moist sawdust.
    After that put a mercury-amalgamated-zinc sheet on top of
    an energy known by the twin name of Mitra-Varuna. Water will
    be split  by  this current into Pranavayu and  Udanavayu.  A
    chain of one hundred jars is said to give a very active
    and effective force.” –Agastya Samhita (Indian Princes’ Library)

    Subject Related: The Mahabharata, Book 8: Karna Parva, Kisari Mohan Ganguli, tr. [1883-1896]  http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m08/m08034.htm

    “It was an unknown weapon, an iron thunderbolt, a gigantic messenger of death, which reduced
    to ashes the entire race of the Vrishnis and the Andhakas.” is actually found in Section 1 of
    Mausala Parva.( http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m16/m16001.htm).

    “When then next day came, Samva actually brought forth an iron bolt through which all the
    individuals in the race of the vrishnis and the andhakas became consumed into ashes.
    Indeed, for the destruction of the Vrishnis and the Andhakas, Samva brougt forth, through
    that curse, a fierce iron bolt that looked like a Gigantic messenger of death. The fact
    was duly reported to the king. In distress of mind, the king (Ugrasena) caused that iron
    bolt to be reduced to a fine powder.Men were employed to cast the powder into the sea.”

    The term “10000 suns” and “Super-abundant” perfectly fit into today’s description of Nuclear Energy. In fact what is depicted as an Iron bolt could actually have referred to Radioactive Iron (Iron-59 is known to be radioactive). Perhaps the usage of Iron-59 as a nuclear weapon was known to man in ancient times. The last sentence ” to cast the powder into sea”, is in good terms with the fact that water is a very effective shield for nuclear radiations. Perhaps that was the intention in casting the iron powder into the sea.

    The section 2 of the Mausala parva also has,

    “The streets swarmed with rats and mice. Earthen pots showed cracks or broke from no
    apparent cause. At night, the rats and mice ate away thehair and nails of slumbering men”

    and

    “Fires, when ignited, cast their flames towards the left. Sometimes they threw out flames
    whose splendour was blue and red. The Sun, whether when rising or setting over the city,
    seemed to be surrounded by headless trunks of human form. In cook rooms, upon food that
    was clean and well-boiled, were seen, when it was served out for eating, innumerable
    worms of diverse kinds.”

    The above passage too reminds us of the effects of a nuclear explosion, as foodstuffs get infected in the aftermath of a nuclear explosion. In section 3, there is also a mention of the vaishnis taking shelter close to the sea coast. This might have as well meant that the vaisnis took shelter in the sea. As mentioned earlier, water is a natural shield to Nuclear radiations.

    These above facts make us really wonder if the Mahabharata was indeed a nuclear war. In aid to the above mentioned facts, India, from times immemorial knew the existence of atoms and the atomic energy. The following shloka is evidence to the statement.

    Cakra” Launched (Ancient Nuclear)

    During the chaos of the said war, one of Arjuna’s cousins launched the 5th weapon called “Barma Satara” which had the impact of a mighty nuclear power. According to the legend it was not clear how the relatives of Arjuna got to know the secret to launch such weapons. Arjuna himself had to obtain the consent from Lord Krishna who needed to explain the ways or consequences of such weapons.
    It was believed that as a result of this launch; it has created layers upon layers of hot rays that penetrated the sky and slowly settled on to the earth (as multiple layers). Upon realizing that the never before used weapon has been accidentally released by his own cousin; and upon seeing the massive destruction that this weapon brought, Arjuna pleaded with Lord Krishna to gather all resources to protect what was left on the earth from the massive heat. With the kind guidance from Lord Krishna, Arjuna managed to protect the earth from the nuclear heat-wave by deflecting it skyward. This prevented the earth from complete destruction by  such nuclear disaster. It was also told that the nuclear cloud and heat-wave were noticeable in the area tens of kilometers wide and approximately 10 nautical miles in thickness.
    During the “Kuruthesa”, Arjuna, who was coached directly by Krishna on the righteous way of a true noble being and the right path to eternity, was also introduced to  Yoga.  Arjuna was to practice it whenever he faced adversity. “Bhakti Yoga” practiced for 20 minutes would allow the mere mortal to overcome adversity and reach for Lord’s guidance.

    “Cakra”- Weapon of Mass Destruction during “Kurukshetra”

    According to Lord Krishna, the WMD was further divided into three levels:

    • Highest “Cakra” (weapon) but never before used: “Sudal Sana”;
      this was the most secretive and complicated weapons owned by Lord Krishna himself.
      The energy from this weapon would be able to destroy dozens of planets
    • Second “Cakra”: “Barma Satara” was a gift from “Dewa Api” to Lord Krishna and has 7 levels:
      • Level “Barma Satara” First
      • Level “Barma Satara” Second
      • Level “Barma Satara” Third
      • Level “Barma Satara” Fourth
      • Level “Barma Satara” Fifth (used by Arjuna’s cousin during “Kuruthesa”)
      • Level “Barma Satara” Sixth (equivalent to the destruction of Hiroshima)
      • Level “Barma Satara” Seventh ( widely used for self protection and medicines around the world)
    • Reference:

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddhi

    http://blog.world-mysteries.com/science/ancient-weapons-of-mass-destruction-and-the-mahabharata/

    Advanced Atomic Theory,Weapons In Hinduism