Tag: Vedic period

  • Śrauta Tradition Hinduism Organised By Janamejaya

    Most of us are aware of the fact that Janamejaya was Arjuna’s Grandson and the Grandson of Abhimanyu.

    He conducted the Sarpa Yaga, sacrifice of the Snakes to avenge his father Parishits’ deat at the hands of a Snake.

    What makes him great is that he was the king who consolidated the Kuru Dynasty and stabilised the Bharatavarsha.

    He had the Karma Kanda portion of the Vedas systematized and had them as Srauta.

    These actions to be performed by an individual during the course of his life in various stages,

    Brahmacharya,

    Gruhastha,

    Vanaprastha and

    Sanyasi.

    It is a different matter that these practices were carried to the extreme and they were followed more by rote than by conviction and understanding of the Gnana Kanda of the Vedas.

    The message of the Vedas is that , the Ultimate Aim being the Realization of Brahman, The Reality, the performance of actions are to be a tool in the path Realization as Brahman is identified with Knowledge.

    Unfortunately, the spirit was lost and the practice of performing Srauta Karmas reached a peak with the advent of Mimamsa.

    And innumerable Deities were worshiped, causing confusion.

    This caused a revulsion and result was the emergence of Buddha, a Brahmin of Gautama Gotra to question the existence and authenticity of the Vedas.

    Buddhism ran rampantly till Shankaracharya stopped the tide and reorganised Hinduism by establishing Shan Mathas , Six Modes of Worship and streamlining the procedures.

    Srauta Karmas generally relate to the Yagnyas, which are around 400.

    Read my Post on this.

     

    Śrauta (Devanagari श्रौत) traditions are conservative ritualistic traditions of the historical Vedic religion in Hinduism, based on the body of Śruti literature. They are still practiced in India today although constituting a small minority within Hinduism…

     

    Shrauta traditions.

    • Rig veda: Ashvalayana (Shakala) and Sankhayana (Kausitaki)
    • Sama veda: Drahyayana (Kauthuma), Latyayana (Ranayaniya), Jaiminiya
    • Krishna Yajurveda: Baudhayana, Vadhoola, Bharadvaja, Apastamba, Hiranyakesin, Vaikhanasa (for Taittiriya) and Manava, Varaha (for Maitrayani)
    • Shukla Yajurveda: Katyayana (for Kanva and Madhyandina both)
    • Atharva Veda: Vaitana (Shaunaka and Paippalada)

    The Shrauta tradition places more emphasis on the performance of rituals rather than having a set of beliefs. The practices of the Shrauta tradition mainly consist of yajnas. Theyajnas are divided into two categories, nitya-karma and kaamya karma. Nitya-karma refers to those yajnas that have to be performed daily or as per occasion. Kaamya-karmarefers to those yajnas performed with a particular purpose, such as wishing for rain, cattle, overlordship or for a son (e.g. Putrakameshti).

    It may be noted that since the Srata is from Sruti, it has more authority than Smritis.

    But following Sratha is to be tempered with the total understanding of the Vedas, mainly the Gnana Kanda which states that Knowledge and attainment of Liberation is the goal of Life , not mere performance of Karmas.

    However Karma Yoga states that performance of actions is a tool by itself.

    But as Krishna puts it performance of Karma is the renunciation of the fruits of action in the Mind, more a Sankalpa.

    Contrary views welcome.

    Janamejaya.

    Janmejay (Sanskrit: जनमेजय) was a Kuru king who reigned during the Middle Vedic period (12th or 11th century BCE). Along with his predecessor Parikshit, he played a decisive role in the consolidation of the Kuru state, the arrangement of Vedic hymns into collections and the development of the orthodox srauta ritual, transforming the Kuru realm into the dominant political and cultural center of northern Iron Age India. He also appears as an important figure in many later legends and traditions, such as theMahabharata, where he appears as the listener of the first narration of the great epic

    Citation.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrauta

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janamejaya

     

  • Vedic Brahma Indra Varuna Yama In Japanese Religion

    I have written articles on the fact Japanese worshiped Saraswati as Benzaiten and Mahabharata refers to Japan and its Vedic roots.

    12 Devas Japanese Religion.Image.jpg
    12 Devas Japanese Religion.

    Numerous Hindu Gods do find a place in Japan.

    Though Buddhism shunned Idol worship, the Religion ended up with worshiping Buddha and many Gods were borrowed from Hinduism into Buddhist Pantheon of Gods.

    A sample list.

    Deities of the 12 directions in Japanese Esoteric Buddhism (Mikkyō 密教), including the four directions and four semi-directions, up and down, and sun and moon. Deva is a Sanskrit term meaning god, deity, or celestial being. It is rendered as Ten 天 in Japan (天 literally means Heaven or Celestial). The Deva aredeities borrowed from Hindu mythology and adopted into Chinese and Japanese Buddhism as guardians of the monasteries of Esoteric Buddhism. They appear frequently in Japanese mandala. Among the 12,Bonten (Brahma) and Taishakuten (Indra) serve in the highest position. Also known as the Twelve Gods Protecting the World. For a larger listing of nearly 80 Devas.

    Hinduism has Eight directions and one God is assigned to each direction.

    In Japan there is a ix up of Brahma, Vauna, Agni in this group.

    1. Bonten 梵天 (Skt. = Brahmā); Up; Heaven Deva
    2. Taishakuten 帝釈天 (Skt. Indra); East; Lord of Deva
    3. Suiten 水天 (Skt. Varuna); West; Water Deva
    4. Bishamonten 毘沙門天 (Vaiśravana); North; Wealth
    5. Enmaten 焔魔天 (Skt. Yama); South; Underworld
    6. Katen 火天 (Skt. Agni); Southeast, Fire Deva
    7. Rasetsuten 羅刹天 (Skt. Raksasa); SW; Demons
    8. Ishanaten 伊舎那天 (Skt. Isana); NE, Dharma
    9. Futen 風天 (Skt. Vayu); NW; Wind Deva
    10. Nitten 日天 (Skt. Aditya); Sun Deva
    11. Gatten 月天 (Skt. Candra); Moon Deva
    12. Jiten 地天 (Skt. Prthivi); Down; Earth Deva.

    The Twelve in Japanese Artwork. The Jūniten (12 Deva Guardians) originated from the Hindu guardians of the four cardinal and four intermediary directions (Jp. = Happōten 八方天). In later years, the gods of heaven and earth were added to create a grouping called the Ten Deities (Jp. = Jitten 十天), and still later the gods of the sun and moon were added to create the Jūniten (Group of 12 Deva). These twelve generally supplant the Shitennō (Four Heavenly Deva Kings) in esoteric artwork in Japan, although they serve the same role as the Shitennō in protecting Buddhism and crushing evil demons. As a group, the 12 appear from the Heian-era (794-1185) onward in paintings of the Taizōkai Mandala or as a set of processional masks. From the 12th century onward, they were depicted in pairs on six-paneled folding screens called Jūniten Byōbu 十二天屏風. The Kyoto National Museum possesses paintings and masks from the late Heian period. However, to my knowledge, statues of all 12 (as a group) do not exist. The 12 also appear in the Jūniten Mandala and the Anchin Mandala. Four of them also serve as guardians of the four directions and appear on the four directional sides of old steles.

    Citation.

    http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/12-devas.shtml

  • Book Hinduism History Indian Philosphy Unique Temples

    I have manuscripts  in English ready for Publication on Hinduism, Indian Philosophy,Unique temples India, The World..

     

    These , I intend publishing  as  books.

     

     

     

    The contents have been received well in my blog www.ramanan50.wordpress.com.

     

     

    The topics covered are.

     

    Essentials of Hinduism.

     

    Vedas, some important Texts, Explanations.

     

    Scientific explanation of Indian Thought.

     

    Proof of Ramayana, Mahabharata, Vedic Culture.

     

    Spread of Hinduism, Sanatana Dharma throughout the world with archeological and historical proof.

     

    Real Indian History.How our Dharama was spread around the world.

     

    Sanatana Dharama spread from South.

     

    Rig Veda composed in the Arctic.

     

    Higher Physics interpreted with Vedic Knowledge.

     

    Sakthi Peethas, location, Legends, How to reach them.

     

    List of Shiva Sthalas, Shakthi Sthalas,

     

    Devi Upasna,

     

    Advanced concepts in Vedas on Latest scientific developments including Multi verses, Quantum theory.

     

    And much more.

     

    Many of the readers of my blog have been asking me to bring out in Book from .

     

    Only now I feel I can publish them  in a couple of Books, it might be more than two books,

     

    I plan to do the Translation in Tamil as well.

     

    I am in search of a quality Publisher with a commitment to spread Sanatana Dharma.

     

    Publishers,or those who have contacts with Publishers may contact me.

     

    Separate arrangements for US may also be worked out.

     

    The articles may be found under Hinduism, Temples, Indian Philosophy,Science, Astrophysics.

     

    I shall be updating them before publication.

     

    Those who can translate in Kannada, Hindi,and Telugu are invited to send in their proposal as I have received requests for publishing in these languages.

     

    Regrds.

  • Exchange Wives, Rig Veda

    One has to bear in mind that , in a society, we have many issues, including the most personal issues of an individual.

     

    It is the duty of an organized society to take cognizance of his and offer a solution that would solve the individual’s problem and at the same time ensure the smooth functioning of the Society.

     

    Rig Veda Manuscripts. Bhandarkar collections.jpg
    Rig Veda Manuscripts. Bhandarkar collections.

     

    A society consists of individuals.

     

    And there might be people who may not be virtuous , though the majority are virtuous.

     

    This is applicable to any society of any time frame.

     

    One has to bear in mind this fact when one talks about the Vedic India and its people.

     

    Ravana existed when Lord Rama lived.

     

    Duryodhana lived along side Yudhistra.

     

    So when one reads the Vedas, these facts are to be borne in mind.

     

    The Vedic society consisted of virtuous men and women;it also had people of lowly character.

     

    Then we have social issues like Drinking, prostitution, gambling and sexual profligacy.

     

    These belong to the people of bad character.

     

    There are social issues like women being deserted by husbands, Adulterous relationships.

     

    These are dealt by the Vedas and Smritis with Injunctions against them.

     

    There are also some issue for which the individual is powerless to handle.

     

    For example, impotency, inability to conceive.

     

    Under such circumstances, the society must offer measures to ensure that the individual problem is resolved with  least impact to the society.

     

    One such issue is childlessness and Impotency,

     

    This problem was dealt with by Hinduism during the Vedic period in a practical way.

     

    If a husband is not capable to produce sperms (i.e. Impotent) ,then he has the right to order his wife.,To copulate with other man to beget a child [RigVed Mantra 10 Sutra 10)

     

    This is being quoted to vilify Hinduism and the Vedas.

     

    First there is no concept of order in marital relations in Vedas.
    Second, Niyog was a social custom for an emergency situation which was applicable only when all other options of getting a child – including adoption – had been exhausted and getting a child was necessary for couple for any valid reason.
    Third, it could happen only if the society permits this. This cannot be independent decision of couple alone.
    Fourth, this is exactly that was practiced in all societies of world including Islam. For example, Hazrat Ismail was born when Hazrat Ibrahim impregnated his slave. Hazrat Muhammad got his son from Maria who was his slave and not one of his multiple wives.

    Q b) Is it not what the above Mantra says? What is the true meaning of the Mantra?

    Answer: No, the mantra only says that if someone does not consider himself to be able to perform his duties in a dual relation, he should allow the other person to seek other partner. This is a very broad principle that can apply in all situations of life – business partnership, master-servant, king-subject or marital relationship etc. Earlier people have tried to interpret this to justify Niyog and avoid prostitution. But Vedas do not get into such details.

    Q c) What does niyoga means? Is it not exchanging wives?

    Answer: Vedas do not have any word like Niyog. Niyog was a social custom invented for those times where people wanted a child to protect their property, have safety in old age etc but were unable to get a child due to some reason. Niyog literally means a union. It is understood to mean a temporary appointment. This is social custom and not a word from Vedas. In any case, even the social custom of Niyog was to PROHIBIT wife exchanging and hence means exactly opposite of what seem to perceived. In today’s society, when variety of new methods of fertility as well as options for adoption exists and the concept of patriarchal kingdoms has vanished, Niyog is not more applicable even as a social concept, in same manner as one need not wear dress of hide-skins when you live near a tailor shop and have money to by dresses.

    Besides , the Rik Veda also say that if at all the women has taken a second man as the new husband(under the condition of first husband being impotent), her first husband cannot have any physical relation with her and he acts as her brother in relation.

     

    Q d) What does the Mantra say?

    Coming to current mantra 10.10.10 of Rigveda, it says:
    Anyam – someone else
    Ichhasva – desire
    Subhage – one desiring happiness
    Patim – Leader
    Mat – Apart from me

    Now Pati is a broad term – king is a pati, general is a pati, employer is a pati, parents are pati. Anyone who is supposed to take responsibility is a Pati.

     

    Citation.

    http://www.vedicgranth.org/misconceptions-on-vedas/misconception-6—vedas-contain-niyoga-which-means-exchanging-wives-many-muslims-use-this-misconception-to-derogate-vedas

    Image credit.

     

    www.vedandtechs.com

     

  • Dravidians And Aryans Were amid Each Other Proof.

    Dravidians And Aryans Were amid Each Other Proof.

    One finds it very curious about the  relationship of the people of India living in the northern part of India, North of  the Vindhya Ranges, where the

    Vedic civilization flourished and the Southern part, South of the Vindhyas.

    There are some assumed facts.

    1.Vedic civilization was a closed one and Dravidians had no inkling of it.

    2.The Vedic people considered the Dravidians as Barbarians and uncultured.

    They were called as Dasyu meaning Slaves.

    3.That the Vedic life was introduced by the sons of Viswamitra through their descendant, Apasthamba( I was holding this view and  you can see my

    posts on this and my view was based on the scholarly view of PT.Srinivasa Ayyangar in his Book History of the Tamils.

    The Vedic people banished  criminals and the sinners to Dravida Desa.

    4.The Dravidas were invaded by people from the north and the Dravidians , subjugated and the Dravidians became cultured.

    Lets us see how right these assumptions are.


    1.Vedic civilization was a closed one and Dravidianas had no inkling of it.

    Far from it.

    To begin with the Bharata varsha extended beyond the Vindhyas,Asia, included Lemuria,Far east,Africas, Americas and the Europe, including the

    Scandinavian Countriies.

    The customs that have survived in these areas, the artifacts and temples, system of worship point to Vedic Presence.

    The worship of Fire, Burning the corpses,Worship of the Sun, Use of Spices native to India, Temples like Angkor,worship of ancestors , especially in

    Read some of my posts on these under Hinduism.

    The designation as the Chief  God of each geographical Division unique to Tamils-Varuna for Neythal Seashore,Korkai, Durga for Palai, Desert, Mayon,

    Vishnu for Mullai, Forests.

    The participation of Northern kings in Southern princesses’ Swayamvara and of the South in the North.

    In Damayanti Swayamvara Tamil kings were present.

    In Lord Rama’s marriage tamil kings names are mentioned as being present tin the Swayamvar of Sita.

    Tamil Chera King Udiyan Cheralathan  fed both he Kaurva and Pandavas armies during the Mahabharata War.

    Tamil kings participated in the Mahabharata war, some on the side of the Pandavas some on the side of Kauravas

    Pandya King fought along the Pandavas,his daughter was married to Arjuna when hwas on a Pilgrimage to South.

    So this argument that the Tamil and the Vedic  people were mutually exclusive is erroneous and mischievous.

    2.The Vedic people considered the Dravidians as Barbarians and uncultured.

    They were called as Dasyu meaning Slaves.

    Again sheer nonsense.

    The Puarans quote Tamil Kings as cultured, wealthy and highly industrious.

    The Vedic people bought Ivory and pearl from the South.

    The History of Tamil is as old as Sanskrit and beyond tracing.

    Please refer my posts on these.

    Now to the term Dasyu.

    Rigveda 1.33.4

    O, All Powerful Warrior! You possess a variety of powers and roam alone. Do use your powerful weapon to destroy wealthy Dasyu (criminals) and Sanakah (those who steal from others). May they reach their deaths through your weapon. These Sanakah are devoid of noble acts.

    The adjective used for Dasyus are “Ayajva” meaning those who do not perform noble acts or noble resolutions. Obviously such people would be criminals. Thus the king is advised to destroy such criminals to safeguard his people.

    Sayana defines Dasyu as thief. Dasyu origins from root ‘Dasa’ which means “Upakshaya” or that which leads to destruction. Hence Dasyu refers to those people who are destructive or criminals. It does not refer to any caste or race.

    Rigveda 1.33.5

    Those Dasyu (criminals) who are themselves devoid of noble resolutions and clash with noble people, flee away due to your protection. O brave warrior, you have destroyed the Avrata (unscrupulous) from everywhere.

    In this mantra, two adjectives are used for Dasyu – Ayajva (those who do not perform noble acts and noble resolutions) and Avrata (indisciplined and unscrupulous).

    Very clearly, Dasyu refers to criminals and they are accorded the same treatment in Vedas as they deserve in any civilized society.”

    So this misinformation falls flat.

    3.That the Vedic life was introduced by the sons of Viswamitra through their descendant, Apasthamba( I was holding this view and  you can see my

    posts on this and my view was based on the scholarly view of PT.Srinivasa Ayyangar in his Book History of the Tamils.

    The Vedic people banished  criminals and the sinners to Dravida Desa.

    In the light of explanation in 1 and 2 this is no more valid.

    However it is a fact that criminals were sent to Dravida desa ,Viswamitra banished his sons and and Apasthamba compiled the Apasthamba Sutra being

    practiced even to day in the South.

    4.The Dravidas were invaded by people from the north and the Dravidians , subjugated and the Dravidians became cultured.

    Aryan invasion theory is deliberate misinformation and proved to be a Myth.

    Read my post on this.

    As,

    Indus valley inscriptions do indicate the so called Dravidian insignia and the artifacts found in the South in places likes like Aikkamedu contain Vedic

    Symbols,

    The cultural unity in customs and practices between the north and the South,

    Many Rishis are common both to North and South, Agasthay, Bhargava, Parashuama, Viswamitra, Vasishta,Ygnyavalkya,

    The ancient languages both Tamil and Sanskrit quote each other, and as

    , nothing definite is known about the ancient domain of the Dravidian parent speech. It is, however, a well-established and well-supported hypothesis that Dravidian speakers must have been widespread throughout India, including the northwest region. Origins of Dravidian people are informed by various theories proposed by linguists, anthropologists, geneticist and historians. According to geneticist Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza in the book The History and Geography of Human Genes, the Dravidians were preceded in the subcontinent by an Austro-Asiatic people, and were followed by Indo-European-speaking migrants sometime later.

                                  Most linguists believe that Dravidian-speaking people were spread throughout the Indian subcontinent before a series of Indo-Aryan migrations. In this view, the early Indus Valley civilization (Harappa and Mohenjo Daro) is often identified as having been Dravidian.Cultural and linguistic similarities have been cited by researchers such as Finnish Indologist Asko Parpola as being strong evidence for a proto-Dravidian origin of the ancient Indus Valley civilization.

                                 Some scholars like J. Bloch and M. Witzel believe that the Indo-Aryan moved into an already Dravidian speaking area after the oldest parts of the Rig Veda were already composed. The Brahui population of Baluchistan has been taken by some as the linguistic equivalent of a relict population, perhaps indicating that Dravidian languages were formerly much more widespread and were supplanted by the incoming Indo-Aryan languages.(wiki)

    My conclusion is that the people of the North and the South were one under Bharatavarsha lived together, married between them , fought against each

    other.

    When they were against each other they considered the other as  undesirable and once he issues are sorted out they became one  together.

    Otherwise lot of things in Sanatana Dharama, Temples, Archaeology become meaningless and self contradictory.

    Citation with thanks.

    http://agniveer.com/vedas-dasyu-hinduism/

    Image credit.

    Vedic India North.

    http://www.miraed.net/parallelhistory/era_display_get.php?fname=India%20Vedic%20Period