Tag: Temple Architecture

  • Chichén Itzá Chidambaram Nataraja Sanctum Identical

    Chichén Itzá Chidambaram Nataraja Sanctum Identical

    The connection between the Mayan Civilization is reconfirmed when one studies the Building of the Chichen Itza and the Temples of Tamil Nadu in general and Chidambaram Temple of Lord Natarja, a form of Lord Shiva, in particular.

    The general principle of building the temple is identical.

    The sacred room in a Mayan Pyramid is called Chilambalam.

    The sanctum  of Shiva is called Amablam in Tamil,Chitrambalam in Tamil means a smaller temple.

    And at the end of reciting Shiva’s Tamil Hymns from Thevaram, Thiruvasagam  the word .Thiru Chitrambalam’ is recited to indicate that the Mantras are concluded.

    Chichitzen Itza pyramid has the same plot as a South Indian temple vimana. Both are based on a grid consisting of 8 × 8 squares.

    In Vasati such a square grid is called Manduka Mandala, the frog mandala. The centre is formed by a square made of four squares, which corresponds to the Brahmasthana, the place of Brahma. At this location the divine energy is so strong that it is not suitable for people to live there.

    Temple Gopuram, Chidambaram,India. Image
    Chidambaram temple Gopuram, Tamil Nadu,India.

    Both in the Vasati temples and in the Maya pyramids the most sacred place of the whole structure is located exactly in this square. The Mayas call this area Chilambalam, which means sacred room. This room is cubic and corresponds to the original form of room itself in Vasati.

    Chichen Itza pyramid has the same plot as a South Indian temple vimana. Both are based on a grid consisting of 8 × 8 squares.

    Adhering to this principle, there is a Shiva-temple in South India in which the sacred room or the room of consciousness is being worshiped. This temple with immaculate proportions is called Chidambaram and ranks amongst the most famous Vasati temples of South India next to Shri Rangam. The same concept of the sacred room or hall of consciousness was called Chilambalam by the Mayas. Another perplexing parallel..

    The term Maya itself may be from the word Maya, who is the sculptor illusionist of the Asuras( auras means one who is powerful-please read my post on this).

    He is the one who built the House of wax in the Mahabharata to entrap the Pandavas and he also built the Palace in Indraprastha,now called Delhi.

    ( Duryodhana, mistaking the Floor to be water, so well was the floor designed, fell to the ground, Draupadi laughed and Duryodhana vowed to get even with her for insulting him).

    The Maya word K’ultanlini refers to the divine power and has obvious similarities to the Sanskrit word Kundalini which also refers to the life power and the power of consciousness.

    The renowned Vedic architect Dr. V. Ganapati Sthapati travelled to Peru in spring of 1995. His ancestors had built the big Shiva temple in Tanjore approximately a thousand years ago, and he himself continues to build temples all over the world according to the same principles of Vedic architecture. Merely studying old Sanskrit and Tamil scriptures on architecture caused him to assume that there had to be a connection between South America and India.

    Not only is its plot based exactly on the same geometric matrix, the Vasatipurusha Mandala, but also its form is identical with the South Indian Vimana (temple domes) even in details. Furthermore, there are amazing similarities as to measurements.

    Dr. Sthapati discovered that the South-Indian measure/rule (Kishku yardstick approx. 33 inch) was used mainly in the Peruvian region of Kushku. Residential buildings were also built strictly according to the principles of Vasati , as developed by Maya Danava. Its plots, position of doors and windows, proportions, form of roofs, inclination angles of roofs, diameter of columns, width of walls etc. are perfectly in accordance with the rules of Vasati , which are still applied in 60% of all houses built in India nowadays.

    Considering so many similarities, it is hard to believe in accident as an explanation. In addition, also the techniques applied by the Maya to erect their buildings and to hammer their huge stones for temples and pyramids are identical to those still taught and applied by Dr. Sthapati today. They have been described by Maya Danava in his books on Vasati.

    Chchiten Itza.

    The most recognizable structure here is the Temple of Kukulkan, also known as El Castillo. This glorious step pyramid demonstrates the accuracy and importance of Maya astronomy—and the heavy influence of the Toltecs, who invaded around 1000 and precipitated a merger of the two cultural traditions.

    The temple has 365 steps—one for each day of the year. Each of the temple’s four sides has 91 steps, and the top platform makes the 365th.

    Devising a 365-day calendar was just one feat of Maya science. Incredibly, twice a year on the spring and autumn equinoxes, a shadow falls on the pyramid in the shape of a serpent. As the sun sets, this shadowy snake descends the steps to eventually join a stone serpent head at the base of the great staircase up the pyramid’s side.

    The Maya’s astronomical skills were so advanced they could even predict solar eclipses, and an impressive and sophisticated observatory structure remains on the site today.

    Recently this World Heritage site was accorded another honor. In a worldwide vote Chichén Itzá was named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.

    How to Get There

    Chichén Itzá is located near the small town of Piste. Bus services connect to the international airports at Mérida (under two hours) and Cancun (two and a half hours).

    When to Visit

    The ruins are open daily. Chichén Itzá’s climate is consistently tropical—average temperatures are 93ºF (34ºC). Spring and autumn equinoxes offer the chance to see the incredible shadow serpent of El Castillo—but the often crowded site is absolutely packed at these times.

    How to Visit

    Staying in the Chichén Itzá area allows visitors to visit early in the morning, out of the hot sun and without the company of the many tourists who arrive on day trip tours from Mérida and Cancun. There is also a light show on the site at night.

    Citation.

    http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/world-heritage/chichen-itza/

    http://veden-akademie.de/index.php?article_id=135&clang=1

  • Universe In Temple Designs Hindusim Angkor Vat

    What is in the Macrocosm is in the Microcosm.

     

    What is seen or perceive in the Universe is with in the us.

     

    The Universe and we are not different.

     

    Angkor Vat Temple.jpg
    Angkor Vat Temple.

     

    The principles in the making of the universe are within us and the Hindu temples keep this point in constructing them.

     

    The Hindu Temples are built according to Vedic Principles of Cosmology and the physical structural guidelines are from the Vaasu Sasta and Agamas.

     

    One would temples, including cave temple of Gavi Gangadhara temple in Bangalore, have the Sun’s Rays falling on the God’s idol on specific days.

     

    Vishnu’s Mathsya temple also has these feature.

     

    There are temples where the shadow of the idol falls at a specific pre marked space.

     

    There are quite a few temples and  please check my posts under Hinduism.

     

    We have the Sun temple at Konark where one can find Astronomy being used in the construction of temple.

     

    We have the city of Jaipur built based on Vedic principles,

     

    I shall be posting on this.

     

    What is interesting is that the principles of the Vedas are fully used in a Temple, which is in Cambodia.

     

    It is the Angkor vat Temple.

     

    The number 108 represents the distance from the earth to the sun and the moon in sun and moon diameters, respectively.
    The diameter of the Sun is  18 times the diameter of the earth.

     

    The distance between the human body and its inner Sun is also 108.

     

    Number 360,taken to represent an year is the number of bones in the Human body at the time of birth and they get fused into 206  when the Body grows (Satapatha Brahmana)

     

    The primary Vedic number is three, representing the tripartite division of the physical world into the earth, the atmosphere, and the

    sky and that of the person into the physical body, the pranas, and the inner sky.

    Hindu Temples represent the Meru Mountain and Bruhat Samhita lists 56 principles on this.
    The AngkorVat.
    The most impressive aspect of the temple representation is that it occurs both at the level
    of the part as well as the whole in a recursive fashion, mirroring the Vedic idea of the
    microcosmsymbolizes the macrocosm at variouslevels of expressions.
    This is done not only in the domain of numbers and directions, but also
    using anppropriate mythological themes and historical incidents.
    Speaking just of numbers, the various lengths and circumferences of units
    representing the motion of the moon may equal 27, 28, 29
    (nakshatras or days of the month), 354
    (days of the lunar year), or 360
    (tithis of the lunar year). Other lengths represent the solar
    year (360, 365, or 366) or larger
    time cycles. For example, the west-east axis represents
    the periods of the yugas. The width of the moat is 439.78 cubit;
    the distance from the first step of the western entrance gateway to balustrade wall
    at the end of causeway is 867.03 cubit; the d istance fromthe first step
    of the western entrance gateway to the first step of
    the central tower is 1,296.07 cubit; and the distance from
    the first step of bridge to the geographic center of the temple
     is 1,734.41 cubit. These correspond to the periods of
    432,000; 864,000; 1,296,000; 1,728,000 years
    for the Kali, Dvapara, Treta, and Kritayuga, respectively.
    Citation and for more,
  • Temple Buliding 11 Steps 13 Procedures

    Vedas, the Hindu Scriptures do not speak of either Collective worship or of building temples.

     

    Temple of Shiva, Tanjore
    Thanjavur Temple

     

    This is a later development as prescribed by The Agamas.

     

    The Hindu temple typically involves a multiple set of ideas.

     

     The temple is  generally oriented to face East, the auspicious direction where the sun rises to dispel darkness.

     

     

    Temple Corridor,Rameshwaram
    Rameswarm Temple Corridor

     

     

    The temple design includes the archetypal image of a Cosmic Person spread out yogi-like, symmetrically filling the gridded space of the floor plan, his

    navel in the center, and it includes the archetype of the cosmic mountain, between earth and heaven, of fertility, planets, city of the gods, deities, etc.).

    One encounters these simultaneous archetypal themes and meanings conveyed (and hidden) in the semi-abstract forms in many Hindu temples.

    There are rules of shape and proportion in the authoritative texts of Hindu tradition, the Agamas.

     

    Vaasthu Purusha,Cosmic Man. The Vastupurusa pinned down on the ground by the gods12  The body of the Vastupurusa is supposed to be sensitive at a number of points called  marmas. The well-being of the Vastupurusa assures the well-being of the building and, by  implication, its owner. An important criterion for any building, therefore, is to avoid injury  to the marmas located on the body of the Vastupurusa. To ensure that this is achieved,  texts prohibit any direct construction upon the marmas themselves. The marmas are  specifically said to lie at the intersection of major diagonals, seen as the veins (siras or  nadis) of the purusa
    Vaasthu Purusha,Cosmic Man.
    The Vastupurusa pinned down on the ground by the gods12
    The body of the Vastupurusa is supposed to be sensitive at a number of points called
    marmas. The well-being of the Vastupurusa assures the well-being of the building and, by
    implication, its owner. An important criterion for any building, therefore, is to avoid injury
    to the marmas located on the body of the Vastupurusa. To ensure that this is achieved,
    texts prohibit any direct construction upon the marmas themselves. The marmas are
    specifically said to lie at the intersection of major diagonals, seen as the veins (siras or
    nadis) of the purusa

     

    Basics.

     

    Selection of site.

    Soil and location are examined by acarya and shilpi., The Bhupariksha.

    Then  the planning off Nagara/Grama nirmana. the layout of town, its size, breadth of different levels of streets, locations and sizes of facilities like water tanks are determined based on the size of town. There are different names for different sizes of towns, like grama, kheta, kharvata, durga, nagara.

    Location of Brahma Sthana, the Location of the Temple  in the town is decided.

    Temple is usually in the center of village so that every one has easy access.

    Grama Vinyasa is the name of the Process.

    Then the size of temple is determined.

    For this, size of the image of main deity is to be known, since the size of a temple is always a fixed multiple of the size of image of main Deity.

    Then wood/metal/stone is selected for the image.

    The icon has three parts, main icon (vigraha), pedestal (peetha) and platform (adhisthana or upa peetha).

    The tests to determine quality of stone are prescribed by the Agamas.

    There are three kinds of stone, male female and neuter.

    When hit with an iron rod if the stone produces good sound and spark, it is male and should be used for the main icon.

    If it produces sound but not spark it is female and should be used for pedestal.

    If it produces neither, it is neuter and should be used for platform.

    There are various standards for the relative proportions of image, gopura, prakara .

    The Eleven Steps.

     

    1. Bhu pariksha: Examining and choosing location and soil for temple and town. The land should be fertile and soil suitable.
    2. Sila pariksha: Examining and choosing material for image
    3. Karshana: Corn or some other crop is grown in the place first and is fed to cows. Then the location is fit for town/temple construction.
    4. Vastu puja: Ritual to propitiate vastu devata.
    5. Salyodhara: Undesired things like bones are dug out.
    6. Adyestaka: Laying down the first stone
    7. Nirmana: Then foundation is laid and land is purified by sprinkling water. A pit is dug, water mixed with navaratnas, navadhanyas, navakhanijas is then put in and pit is filled. Then the temple is constructed.
    8. Murdhestaka sthapana: Placing the top stone over the prakara, gopura etc. This again involves creating cavities filled with gems minerals seeds etc. and then the pinnacles are placed.
    9. Garbhanyasa: A pot made of five metals (pancaloha kalasa sthapana) is installed at the place of main deity.
    10. Sthapana: Then the main deity is installed.
    11. Pratistha: The main deity is then charged with life/god-ness.

     

    The Thirteen Procedures  before Daily Worship.

     

    • Anujna: the priest takes permission from devotees and lord Ganesha to begin rituals
    • Mrit samgrahana: Collecting mud
    • Ankurarpana: Sowing seeds in pots of mud collected and waiting till they germinate
    • Rakshabandhana: The priest binds a holy thread on his hand to take up the assignment.
    • Punyahavacana: Purifying ritual for the place and invoking good omens
    • Grama santi: Worship for the good of village and to remove subtle undesired elements
    • Pravesa bali: Propitiation of various gods at different places in the temple, rakshoghna puja (to destroy asuric elements) and of specific gods like Kshetra palaka (devata ruling the town)
    • Vastu Santi: Pacifying puja for vastu (this happens twice and this is the second time)
    • Yagasala: Building the stage for homas, along with vedika.
    • Kalasasthapana: Installing kalasam
    • Samskara: Purifying the yaga sala
    • Kalasa puja, yagarambha: Woshipping the kalasa as god and propitiating deities through fire
    • Nayanonmeelana, Pratimadhivasa: Opening eyes of the god-image, installing it and giving it life.

     

    Then specific worship is done to deity, as prescribed. For instance in the case of Siva, this is followed by Astabandhana and Kumbhabhisheka.

    Citations.

    Temple Building

    Ref for Image and for further reading.

    Rules for Building a Temple pdf.

     

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