For keen alien hunters, the image above – taken by the rover’s MastCam on August 14 – is proof that large animals once roamed Mars, possibly even dinosaurs.
“Simply put this shows that there were some living things on the Mars (sic),” asserts an anonymous editorial writer atNorthern Voices Online, while the popular site UFO Blogger compares the find to previous images of a “fossilized, reptilian spine” and a “human finger”.
The regularity of these ‘finds’ is of course testament not to the once-flourishing wildlife of Mars, but to the human brain’s remarkable capacity to spot patterns in random noise.
This was a handy trait for our ancestors when identifying a potential predator among the primeval foliage, but in modern times it’s more likely to lead only to those little ‘huh’ moments when we spot a face in some inanimate object.
Of course, there is some truth to conspiracy theorists’ hopes of life on Mars, with scientists pointing out last year that the asteroid impact that killed of the dinosaurs could have flung rocks carrying organic matter to the red planet some 66 million years ago.
There is at least one language, Sanskrit, which for the duration of almost 1,000 years was a living spoken language with a considerable literature of its own. Besides works of literary value, there was a long philosophical and grammatical tradition that has continued to exist with undiminished vigor until the present century. Among the accomplishments of the grammarians can be reckoned a method for paraphrasing Sanskrit in a manner that is identical not only in essence but in form with current work in Artificial Intelligence. This article demonstrates that a natural language can serve as an artificial language also, and that much work in AI has been reinventing a wheel millenia old.
Semantic Nets
For the sake of comparison, a brief overview of semantic nets will be given, and examples will be included that will be compared to the Indian approach. After early attempts at machine translation (which were based to a large extent on simple dictionary look-up) failed in their effort to teach a computer to understand natural language, work in AI turned to Knowledge Representation.
Since translation is not simply a map from lexical item to lexical item, and since ambiguity is inherent in a large number of utterances, some means is required to encode what the actual meaning of a sentence is. Clearly, there must be a representation of meaning independent of words used. Another problem is the interference of syntax. In some sentences (for example active/passive) syntax is, for all intents and purposes, independent of meaning. Here one would like to eliminate considerations of syntax. In other sentences the syntax contributes to the meaning and here one wishes to extract it.
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It is obvious that the act of receiving can be interpreted as an action involving a union with Mary’s hand, an enveloping of the ball by Mary’s hand, etc., so that in theory it might be difficult to decide where to stop this process of splitting meanings, or what the semantic primitives are. That the Indians were aware of the problem is evident from the following passage: “The name ‘action’ cannot be applied to the solitary point reached by extreme subdivision.”
The set of actions described in (a) and (b) can be viewed as actions that contribute to the meaning of the total sentence, vix. the fact that the ball is transferred from John to Mary. In this sense they are “auxiliary actions” (Sanskrit kuruku-literally “that which brings about”) that may be isolated as complete actions in their own right for possible further subdivision, but in this particular context are subordinate to the total action of “giving.” These “auxiliary activities” when they become thus subordinated to the main sentence meaning, are represented by case endings affixed to nominals corresponding to the agents of the original auxiliary activity. The Sanskrit language has seven case endings (excluding the vocative), and six of these are definable representations of specific “auxiliary activities.” The seventh, the genitive, represents a set of auxiliary activities that are not defined by the other six. The auxiliary actions are listed as a group of six: Agent, Object, Instrument, Recipient, Point of Departure, Locality. They are the semantic correspondents of the syntactic case endings: nominative, accusative, instrumental, dative, ablative and locative, but these are not in exact equivalence since the same syntactic structure can represent different semantic messages, as will be discussed below. There is a good deal of overlap between the karakas and the case endings, and a few of them, such as Point of Departure, also are used for syntactic information, in this case “because of”. In many instances the relation is best characterized as that of the allo-eme variety..
In August 2011,A Meteorite Shower took place in Alaska, USA.
NASA, on analyzing it, found that there were DNAs inside it.
From the Indian Sacred texts, it s gleaned that ancient Hindus knew Genetic Engineering, Cloning.
The Shiva Linga initially must have been a Meteorite.
And as it came down it came to earth with DNAs spewing out of it.
I am producing excerpt from a research paper below.
Shiva Lingam .
Animation of the structure of a section of DNA. The bases lie horizontally between the two spiraling strands. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
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Consider the points of similarity between D.N.A. and Shiva.
It is well known that Shiva is Ugra and his name also is Ugra. Ugra means an acid. D.N.A. is also an acid. Vedanta calls that Hiranyagarbha as Sutratma.
Sutratma means an Atma in the form of Sutra i.e. a thread or filament.
The modern science admits that a DNA molecule is really like a thread or filament.
“In a single human germ-cell this filament of DNA is about one metre in length”, says Watson in his book ‘The Double Helix’.
The Yoga-science calls it Mahan, the great. It is really great because it is present in all the living things.
Its molecular weight is one million, so the scientists call it ‘great’. It has no birth. It develops from itself. DNA also duplicates, that means develops from itself. Mr. J. D. Watson describes this as ‘self replication’.
Sankhya calls it Vichitrarupa i.e. fantastically shaped. DNA also is fantastically shaped like a spiral staircase or Helix.
Sankhya calls it Vishvatma meaning the Soul of the Universe.
Modern science admits that DNA is the soul or the essential thing of the living world.
It is named as Ekakshara, the immortal, the one who has no denudation, no loss, no end. DNA has no end, no loss – it duplicates or replicates itself, giving rise to itself.
Thus all these seven points tally.
It is said that Ahankar is developed form Hiranyagarbha.
Ahankara literarily means a shape, which can call itself as ‘I’ (Aham). A Gene, Chromosome and Nucleus are developed from DNA, all of which can call themselves as I or myself.
From this Nucleus, a cell is formed, so the nuclear material is named as Prajabeeja.
From this First cell many cells develop by multiplication. These millions of cells are Praja and the one from which all these originate is Prajapati.
All these cells are microscopic, therefore they are named as Sukshma-Bhuta-Srushti, (the microscopic or unicellular living world). Here, we can include virus, bacteria and all single-celled organisms.
A cell itself appears as a ‘Pindi’. The cell is Salunka, while its nucleus the Bana.
It is said that after the microscopic world, the visible world (Sthula Srushti) came into being.
There is a central pillar, the Bana, surrounding which there is Salunka.
Spiraling around the Bana there is a cobra or snake. There is Tripunda Gandha, a special mark on forehead.
This special mark is really a special.
It appears to be a picture of a snake spiralling around an axis.
It looks like a spring. This shape resembling a spring is very important.
We know that the DNA molecule is a Helix
. The modern scientists compare it with a spiral staircase, and call it a Double Helix, while the ancient sages have compared it with a spiral of cobra.
The cobra takes support of Bana. DNA takes support of nucleus.
The ancient comparison depends more on reduplication.
The reduplication of DNA fibre mimics the copulation of the snakes.
The snake is a living thing like DNA; but the staircase is not living.
The modern scientists (Watson and Crick) have prepared a model in 1953 of a spiral staircase to depict DNA molecule; while the ancient sages have
prepared a model to depict the same DNA and that model is the Shiva-Lingam.
To have the sense of life in that model, they thought of the spirals of a cobra and to make it reach a common man, they put forth an idea of Tripunda
Gandha, a sacred mark drawn on the forehead with our three Fingers dipped in the Sandal-wood-paste.
The Nucleic Acids are formed of four parts known as Mononucleotides.
The four heads of Lord Shiva are the same four parts.
Shiva is described to have three eyes.
Each Mononucleotide has three parts viz. phosphoric Acid, Sugar and Base.
The four heads of Shiva face towards the four directions.
In the comparatively simple Ribonucleic Acid, RNA, its four Mononucleotides are at four sides.
These nucleotides are Adenine, Guanine, Uracil and Cytosine.
At some places the Mahabharata describes that Shiva has four heads, at other places it is said that Shiva has five heads, still other places mention that He has thousands of heads
. I think that as the research progressed the number of heads went on increasing.
The modern science has passed through the same phase
First it discovered two Purines, Adenin and Guanine, plus two Pyrimidines, Cytosine and Uracil, in the molecule of DNA.
Hence they called it as ‘Tetramononucleotide’.
Then some researcher found out that Thymine is present in some DNA molecules, instead of Uracil.
So the concept of Tetra-Mono-Nucleotide (Chaturmukha) dissolved and that of Penta-Mono-nucleotide (Panchmukha) came up.
As the research progressed further, the scientists found out two thousand mononucleotides establishing the concept of Sahasra-Shirsha,
Thousands of heads. Now-a-days only four mononucleotides are supposed to be the bases of DNA.
A single human germ cell DNA contains 10 raised to the power of9 (ten raised to nine) base pairs.
So the sages appear to be correct. We should not wonder about comparisons made with the human parts like head, eyes etc by the ancient sages;
because Noble Laureate Watson also has compared the sugar-phosphate linkage with the back-bone, in his book
‘ The Double Helix’. Such a comparison is not unscientific because it is essential for a common man to understand the subject.
Vedic Seals.
Demonstrating one of the decoded hymns of the Rig Veda Dr Trivedi explained, “The Tvasta (as the DNA is referred to in the Rig Veda) that gives shape to all creatures is termed as an omni form (visvarupa) and it proves that DNA is present in all living beings.
The same hymn goes further and identifies the ‘Brhaspati’ which is the nucleus embedded in the DNA. Similarly, there are codes for photosynthesis, the development of eukaryotic cell, bio-geo chemical cycle, oxidation, and reduction, and even global warming, which is elucidated in Atharva Veda, which is what comes at the end of consumption of the world’s resources.
The higher the energy, the higher the frequency. By measuring their frequency, we can convert rays into musical notes.
Gamma ray bursts are some of the most powerful explosions in the universe
. A particularly explosive number back in 2008, the GRB 080916C, was captured by the LAT and is the basis for the musical track. During the brightest part of the explosion, the LAT detected 100s of gamma rays from the extremely-distant explosion. NASA converted the data to music and slowed the rates down by a factor of 5x to hear the individual gamma rays better
. Each was then represented by a different instrument (harp, piano etc) and along with the accompanying animation, illustrate the explosions journey.
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