Ramanisblog

Tag: Linguistics

  • No Abusive Word in Sanskrit?

    Hinduism states that Sanskrit is Deva Bhasha,Language of the Gods and Sanskrit is considered to be the most compatible for computer Language.

     

    I have posted some articles on Sanskrit.

     

    Sanskrit Numerals flipped over 786
    786 Sanskrit Numerals

     

    I have come across information that cultured,pure Sanskrit does not contain an abusive word.

     

    Nor does it have a word for Lock.

     

    I have read, quoting Kanchi Periyavar that Sanskrit does not have a word for ‘Mouth’ nor Tamil for’ Face’

     

    Corrections welcome.

     

    “We fall short of words while describing the well-culturedness of Divine Sanskrut language! In spite of having thousands of words, this language has not included a single word with the meaning of ‘kulup‘ (lock). What could be the reason behind this? In order to enable Koutsa to pay his Gurudakshina (offering to Guru), Kuber (God of wealth) had showered gold coins all over the state of Raghuraja. However, not even a single gold coin was picked up by any of the citizens! There was no case of robbery in the state and therefore there was no tradition of putting a ‘lock’. There is no inclusion of abusive words in the Sanskrut language. There is only one word ‘Mudh‘ (mad), which can be remotely considered as a bad word! The well-culturedness of the language gets absorbed in the citizens who use it; therefore one wishes to say that, ‘Learn Sanskrut and be well-cultured (susanskrut)!’..

     

    Not even a single inclusion of
    abusiveword in well-cultured Sanskrut language !

    Citation.

    http://www.hindujagruti.org/articles/21.html##5

  • Rig Veda Composed In Russia?

    I have come across information that the Rig Veda was composed in Russia!

     

    Dr. Weer Rajendra Rishi (1917 – 2002) was a well-known Indian linguist.

     

    Vishnu Idol in Russia.jpg
    Vishnu Idol. The idol found in Staraya (old) Maina village dates back to VII-X century AD. Staraya Maina village in Ulyanovsk region was a highly populated city 1700 years ago, much older than Kiev, so far believed to be the mother of all Russian cities. Image credit.http://bharatuntoldstory.tumblr.com/post/76958321892/evidence-of-ancient-worldwide-vedic-civilization.

     

    He was fluent in Russian and worked in the Indian Embassy in Moscow between 1950—1952.

     

    Dr. Rishi was the author of (1) Russian-Hindi Dictionary (foreword by the late Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru), (2) Russian Grammar in Hindi, (3) Russian Folklore in Hindi (4) Hindi translation of Pushkin’s poem ‘Gypsy‘, (5) Marriages of the Orient, (6) Roma—The Punjabi Emigrants in Europe, the USSR, the Americas etc. (7) Romani-Punjabi-English Conversation Book, (8)Romani-Punjabi-English Dictionary and (9) Multi-Lingual Romani Dictionary (Romani Hindi English French Russian.

     

    One of his last works was a book India & Russia – Linguistic & Cultural Affinity.

     

    He took voluntary retirement from the Indian Foreign Service in 1973.

     

    He was awarded the  Padmasri , High Honour by the President of India in 1973.

     

    He states that the Folklore of Russia resembles Sanskrit when sung.

     

    He observes..

     

     

     

    Professor Smirnov (1892—
    1967), the reputed Sanskritologist of the Soviet Union has trans­
    lated Mahäbhärata into Russian in this type of verse. Professor
    Smirnow had with him a recording of an extract from the
    Mahäbhärata read in Sanskrit original by Professor Nirmal
    Chandra Maitra of India to the accompaniment of Indian
    instruments. When after playing the recording of the Sanskrit
    version, Professor Smirnov read his Russian translation, the
    enchanting melody of the rhythm was found to be very much
    like that of the Sanskrit original as read by Professor Nirmal
    Chandra Maitra and sounded in unison”

     

    He further analyses the Grammar, Phonetics and style of Sanskrit and Russian and points very close affinity.

     

    I have provided a Link towards end of this post.

     

    I am also providing a list of Russian words that bear a striking resemblance to Sanskrit.

     

    In the meanwhile I read a Book where the author, a Scholar in Sanskrit, Tatyana Elizarenkova in her Book ‘Language and Style of the Vedic Rsis’ states that the Rig Veda was written in Russia!

    This is based on the language construction, Grammar and the affinity between Sanskrit and Russian.

    Based on a Study of Indo-European Languages and cross checking with other scholars of the West who knew Sanskrit she seemed to have arrived at the conclusion.

     

    My knowledge of Sanskrit , Vedas and Puranas is limited to the extent that the area which is called Russia was a part of Vedic India and the names of Rivers

     

    Mountains ,places have a striking resemblance to Sanskrit, from Kabul onwards.

     

    However I have been able to unearth information on a single locale in Russia where there is evidence of Vedic influence.

     

    Beyond it I have not been able to get any further information.

     

    Readers may contribute.

     

    Now to the affinity between Sanskrit and Russian.

     

    This interesting information I reposted from borissof blog.

    The list of cognate verbs:

    Meaning Rus.                  Russian             Sanskrit                Meaning Skr.

    to argue, to slander vad – vadit vad – vadati वद्-वदति to confer or dispute about; to contend, quarrel
    to ask pros – prosit prach – prachhati प्रछ् – पृच्छति to ask, to question, interrogate
    to ask various questions, make various inquiries vɨspra – vɨsprašivaet viprach – viprcchati विप्रछ – विपृच्छति to ask various questions, make various inquiries
    to bake, cook peč – pečyot pас – pacati पच् – पचति to cook, bake, roast, boil
    to bark lay – laet rai – rayati रै – रैयति to bark
    to be, exist bɨ – budet bhū – bhavati भू – भ्वति to become, be
    to beat, hit tuz – tuzit tuj – tojayati तुज् – तोजयति to hurt
    to burn, to shine gor – gorit ghṛ – ghаrati घृ  – घरति to shine, burn
    to caress, fondle, comfort las – laskaet las – lasāti लस् – लसति to play, sport, frolic; to embrace
    to cart, transport, carry, draw voz – vozit vah – vahati वह –  वहति to carry, transport, convey
    to catch lov – lovit labh – labhate लभ् – लभते to take, seize, catch
    to coddle, pumper; to cherish, foster lel – lelyeet lal – lālayati लल् – लालयति to  caress, fondle, foster, cherish
    to continue to do smth.., to linger on; to delay; to entertain bav – bаvit bhū – bhavayati भू – भावयति exist, be found, live, stay, abide, happen, occur; to cause to be or become; to cherish, foster
    to cough kasl – kaslyaet kās – kāsate कास् –कासते to cough
    to dawn svet – svetaet śvit –śvetate श्वित् – श्वेतते to be bright or white
    to die , decease mer – mryot mṛ – marati मृ – मरति to die, decease
    to drink pi – p’yot pī – piyate पी – पीयते to drink
    to dry, desiccate suš – sušit śuṣ – śuṣyati शुष् – शुषति to dry, become dry or withered
    to exterminate, to make to die mor – morit mṛ – mārayati मृ –  मारयति to cause to die, kill, slay
    to fall pad – padyot pad – padyate पद् – पद्यते to fall
    to fart perd – perdit pard – pardati पर्द् –  पर्दति to break wind downwards
    to fear, be afraid boya – boitsya bhyas – bhyasate भ्यस् – भ्य्सते to fear, be afraid, tremble
    to give away otda – otdayot uddā – uddadāti उद्दा – उद्ददाति to give away
    to give out, to distribute vɨd – vɨdayot vidā – vidadāti विदा – विददाति to give out, distribute, grant
    to give to drink po – poit pa – pāyayati पा – पाययति to cause to drink, give to drink, water (horses or cattle)
    to go, walk i – idyot iṭ – eṭati इट् – एटति to go
    to happen, to be present, to frequent bɨv – bɨvaet bhū – bhavati भू – भ्वति to happen, occur
    to knead mes – mesit miśr – miśrayati मिश्र् – मिश्रयति to mix, mingle, blend, combine
    to know zna – znaet jña – jānāti ज्ञ – जानति to know, have knowledge
    to lick liz – ližet lih – lihati लिह् – लिहति to lick
    to lick out vɨliz – vɨlizɨvaet vilih – vilelihat विलिह् – विलेलिहत् to lick continually or repeatedly
    to live, dwell živ – živaet jīv – jīvati जीव् – जीवाति to live, be or remain alive
    to lock; to hide (dial.) ver – veraet vṛ – varati वृ – वरति to cove, screen, veil, conceal, hide, surround, obstruct, to close (a door)
    to love, like lyub – lyubit lubh – lubhati लुभ् – लुभति to desire greatly or eagerly, long for, be interested in
    to make come back, turn around vorot – vorotit vṛt – vartayati वृत् – वर्तयति to cause to turn or revolve
    to make warm, to melt top – topit tap – tapati तप् –  तपति to make hot or warm
    to measure mer – merit mi – miroti मि –  मिरोति to measure, meter, out, mark
    to milk do – doit dhe –  dhayati धे – धयति to suck, drink
    to overturn, pull down, to drag down val – valit val – valiti वल् – वलति to turn, turn round
    to peel, to shell vɨlup – vɨlupit vilup – vilumpati विलुप् – विलुम्पति to tear or break off or to pieces, wound, lacerate pull out or up; to tear away
    to praise slav – slavit śram – śramyati श्रम् – श्राम्यति sound, shout, loud praise
    to pull, stretch tyan – tyanet tan – tanoti तन् –  तनोति to stretch (a cord), extend
    to push away, to cast (an arrow etc.); to flow or run quickly (usually down), to fall down ri – rinet rī – riṇāti री – रीणाति to release, set free, let go
    to revolve, rotate vert – vertit vṛt – vartate वृत् – वर्तते to turn, turn round, revolve, roll
    to roar, bellow, howl rev – revyot ru – ravīti रु – रवीति to roar, bellow, howl, yelp, cry aloud
    to roll, turn around val – valyaet val – valate वल् – वलते to turn, turn round
    to see; to know how to do smth.. vid – vidit vid – vidati विद् – विदति to notice,  observe; to know, understand, perceive, learn, become or be acquainted with, be conscious of
    to seek, search; to wish isk – iščet iṣ –  icchati; eṣati इष् – इच्छति; एषति to seek, search; to desire, wish, long for, request
    to sell proda – prodast pradā – pradatte प्रदा – प्रदत्ते to give away, give, offer, sell
    to separate (off), to detach oddel – oddelyaet uddal – uddalati उद्दल् –  उद्दलति to split away, break away
    to shake tryas – tryasyot tras –  trasyati त्रस् – त्रस्यति to tremble
    to shine, glitter bles – bleščet bhlāś – bhlāśate भ्लाश् – भ्लाशते to shine, beam, glitter
    to sit sid – sidit sad – sīdati सद् – सीदति to sit upon or in or at smth.
    to sleep spa – spit svap – svapiti स्वप् – स्वपिति to sleep,  fall asleep
    to sob rɨd – rɨdaet rud – rodati रुद् – रोदिति to weep, cry, howl, roar, lament, wail
    to squeeze, pinch klešč – kleščit kliś – kliśnati क्लिश् – क्लिश्नाति to torment, cause pain
    to stay awake bde – bdit budh – budhyati बुध् – बुधय्ति to be awake
    to stick (to), to  adhere (to) lip – lipnet lip – limpyati लिप् – लिम्पयति to be smeared; to be attached to, to stick, to adhere
    to stick, to mould, model lep – lepit lip – lepayati लिप् – लेपयति the act of smearing, daubing, anointing, plastering
    to stretch out, extend, to draw out, extract vɨtyan – vɨtyanet vitan – vitanute वितन् – वितनुते to spread out, to stretch, extend,  to unfold, display, exhibit, manifest
    to survive vɨživ – vɨživaet vijīv – vijīvati विजीव् – विजीवति to revive, return to life
    to sweeten slad – sladit svad – svadati स्वद् –  स्वदते to make sweet or pleasant or agreeable
    to swim, float plavat’; plav – plavaet plu – plavate प्लु – प्लवते to float, swim
    to take bra – beryot bhṛ – bharati भृ – भरति to hold, possess, have, keep
    to think, imagine mni – mnit mna – manate म्ना – मनति to think, believe, imagine
    to torture pɨt – pɨtaet piṭh – peṭhati पिठ् – पेठति to inflict or feel pain
    to touch kas – kasaet kaṣ – kaṣati कष् – कषति to  test, try; to rub
    to turn away vɨver – vɨvernet vivṛti – vivartate विवृत् – विवर्तते to turn back or away
    to turn back, to come back vert – vertaet vṛt – vartate वृत् – वर्तते to turn, turn round
    to twirl, to turn round and round vert – vertit vrt – vartayati वृत् – वर्तयति to cause to turn or revolve
    to wake up bud – budit budh – budhyate बुध् – बुध्यते to wake up
    to have sexual intercourse yeb – yebyot yabh – yabhati यभ्- यभति to have sexual intercourse
    to wish, want vol – volit vṛ – vṛṇoti; varayati वृ – वरति; वरयति to choose, select, choose for one’s self, choose as; to like, love well

     

    Citation.

    http://vedic.su/Vedic/tur/IndiaRussia_Rishi_OCR.pdf

    http://books.google.es/books?id=j-B0Y-IwTQAC&dq=Tatyana+Elizarenkova&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=0PFOLcs-MI&sig=WBgXZxIMRdK2USOWuVs7N8aGzNQ&hl=en&ei=PfUQS4fQM4il4QbLl5CbBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CA0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false

    http://1000petals.wordpress.com/2013/08/18/amazing-affinity-of-russian-and-sanskrit/

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  • Sanskrit Poem Draws A Wheel Sisupala Vadha

    That Sanskrit is among the greatest of Languages, needs no explanation for people who know at least couple of languages besides Sanskrit .

     

    Verbal Gymnastics, two languages I know, can do effectively, one Sanskrit and another Tamil.

     

    See Sanskrit drawing a wheel by a Verse.

     

    Verse forms Wheel Mghas's Sisupala Vadha.Image.svg
    Verse forms Wheel Mghas’s Sisupala Vadha.

     

    ”

    Finally, it ends with a stanza (120th) in the extremely difficult “wheel design” known as cakra-vṛtta orcakrabandha,[18] wherein the syllables can be arranged in the form of a wheel with six spokes.

    सत्वं मानविशिष्टमाजिरभसादालम्ब्य भव्यः पुरो
    लब्धाघक्षयशुद्धिरुद्धरतरश्रीवत्सभूमिर्मुदा ।
    मुक्त्वा काममपास्तभीः परमृगव्याधः स नादं हरे-
    रेकौघैः समकालमभ्रमुदयी रोपैस्तदा तस्तरे ॥

    satvaṃ mānaviśiṣṭamājirabhasādālambya bhavyaḥ puro
    labdhāghakṣayaśuddhiruddharataraśrīvatsabhūmirmudā /
    muktvā kāmamapāstabhīḥ paramṛgavyādhaḥ sa nādaṃ hare-
    rekaughaiḥ samakālamabhramudayī ropaistadā tastare //

    In the figure, the first, second and third lines are read top-to-bottom along the “spokes” of the wheel, sharing a common central syllable, while the fourth line is read clockwise around the circumference (starting and ending where the third line ends), sharing every third syllable with one of the first three lines.

     

    Further, the large syllables in bold (within the annuli), read clockwise, spell out śiśupālavadha-māgha-kāvyamidaṃ (“This is Śiśupālavadha, a poem by Māgha“).

     

    More.

     

    By the 114th stanza, this is taken to an extreme, with a celebrated example involving just one consonant:[17]

    दाददो दुद्ददुद्दादी दाददो दूददीददोः ।
    दुद्दादं दददे दुद्दे दादाददददोऽददः ॥

    dādado duddaduddādī dādado dūdadīdadoḥ
    duddādaṃ dadade dudde dādādadadado’dadaḥ

    “Sri Krishna, the giver of every boon, the scourge of the evil-minded, the purifier, the one whose arms can annihilate the wicked who cause suffering to others, shot his pain-causing arrow at the enemy.”

    The same canto also contains increasingly ingenious palindromes. The 44th stanza, for instance, has each line a palindrome:

    वारणागगभीरा सा साराभीगगणारवा ।
    कारितारिवधा सेना नासेधा वारितारिका ॥

    vāraṇāgagabhīrā sā sārābhīgagaṇāravā /
    kāritārivadhā senā nāsedhā vāritārikā

    “It is very difficult to face this army which is endowed with elephants as big as mountains. This is a very great army and the shouting of frightened people is heard. It has slain its enemies.”[17]

    The 88th stanza is a palindrome as a whole (syllable-for-syllable), with the second half being the first half reversed. This is known as pratiloma (or gatapratyāgata) and is not found in Bharavi:[18]

    तं श्रिया घनयानस्तरुचा सारतया तया ।
    यातया तरसा चारुस्तनयानघया श्रितं ॥

    taṃ śriyā ghanayānastarucā sāratayā tayā
    yātayā tarasā cārustanayānaghayā śritaṃ

    The 34th stanza is the 33rd stanza written backwards, with a different meaning. Finally, the 27th stanza is an example of what has been called “the most complex and exquisite type of palindrome ever invented”.[19] Sanskrit aestheticians call it sarvatobhadra, “perfect in every direction” — it yields the same text if read forwards, backwards, down, or up:

    सकारनानारकास-
    कायसाददसायका ।
    रसाहवा वाहसार-
    नादवाददवादना ॥

     

    sakāranānārakāsa-
    kāyasādadasāyakā
    rasāhavā vāhasāra-
    nādavādadavādanā.
    sa kā ra nā nā ra kā sa
    kā ya sā da da sā ya kā
    ra sā ha vā vā ha sā ra
    nā da vā da da vā da nā
    (and the lines reversed)
    nā da vā da da vā da nā
    ra sā ha vā vā ha sā ra
    kā ya sā da da sā ya kā
    sa kā ra nā nā ra kā sa

    “[That army], which relished battle (rasāhavā) contained allies who brought low the bodes and gaits of their various striving enemies (sakāranānārakāsakāyasādadasāyakā), and in it the cries of the best of mounts contended with musical instruments (vāhasāranādavādadavādanā).”

     

     

    Magha.

     

    उपमा कालिदासस्य भारवेरर्थगौरवम् ।दण्डिन: पदलालित्यं माघे सन्ति त्रयो गुणाः ॥upamā kālidāsasya, bhāraverarthagauravam,daṇḍinaḥ padalālityaṃ — māghe santi trayo guṇāḥ”The similes of Kalidasa, Bharavi‘s depth of meaning, Daṇḍin‘s wordplay — in Māgha all three qualities are found.”

    Citation.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shishupala_Vadha

     

    I shall be posting from Tamil as well.

     

    I have read that the Ramayana has been written with only Consonants.

     

    I think it is in Oriya,

    Information please.

     

     

     

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  • Sanskrit is Not From Prakrit

    Prakrutham
    Prakrit, the Language of Man.

    The Argument that Sanskrit is not the first Language and definitely not the first Indian one is based on ‘Prakrit’

    Prakrit, it is argued, is the basis on which Sanskrit was built.

    Prakrit is defined as “original, natural, artless, normal, ordinary, usual”, or “vernacular“.

    It is not an independent Language as Sanskrit.

    Prakrit Grammar.

    Based On Valmiki Sutras

    ”

    The Prdhritarupdvatara, i.e. ' the descent of Prakrit forms ', 
may be called a counterpart of the Laghukaumudi of Varadaraja. 
The latter contains the more important of Panini's aphorisms, 
arranged in a systematic manner so as to illustrate the 
different chapters of Sanskrit grammar. Siriiharaja undertook 
a similar arrangement of the rules of Prakrit grammar. 
Like Varadaraja, he did not compose the rules themselves, 
but drew on the same collection of Sutras which, in their 
original sequence, are known to have been commented on by 
Trivikrama, just as Piinini's aphorisms by the authors of the 
Kdsihd commentary.

.
T, a very clear and careful Nagarl MS. of 92 pages, 
written in 1904 by Pandit V. Srinivasa Sastri of Namakal, 
who remarks on it as follows : — " The original is in the 
possession of one Ayyasvami Sastriar, a pensioned Tahsildar 
of Kumbakonam. I was allowed to take a copy of it in his 
house through the influence of Diwan Bahadur R.. Raghunatha 
Rao. During my last vacation I went to Tiruvasalore, my 
native place, which is at a distance of 4 miles from 
Kumbakonam. I used to go daily to Ayyasvami Sastriar's 
house at Kumbakonam from my native place and take the 
copy of Simharaja. Within thirty days a rough copy in 
Grantha characters was taken, which looks very ugly; for 
the copy was made in a hurry. After the reopening of my 
school I came to Namakal, where I finished a good fresh 
copy in Nagarl characters, which is sent to your address. 
The original is written in Grantha letters 200 years ago." Curiously enough, it can be definitely proved that the 
Grantha original of the Nagarl MS. T must either be a copy, 
or go back to a copy, of the Malayalam MS. R. For the 
portion of the Prakrit arupdvatdra which occupied the missing 
leaves of R (73-5) is missing in T as well, and the colophon 
of T contains a peculiar mistake which is due to a correction 
made by the writer of R.- In spite of this fact, some of the 
readings of the MS. T are decidedly preferable to the 
corresponding ones of R, and it must be supposed that the 
text of the Grantha original of T was corrected by an 
intelligent Pandit either conjecturally or with the help of 
other MSS. Though my text is chiefly based on R, I was 
sometimes forced to adopt the readings of T, owing to their 
greater clearness and correctness(ref: https://ia700202.us.archive.org/23/items/prakritarupavata00simhuoft/prakritarupavata00simhuoft_djvu.txt
.
Valmiki , who composed The Ramayana, wrote it in Sanskrit.

For an Epic with the beauty of Ramayana must have had Grammar.
A Language takes years to form and Grammar takes still more time.
Using that in an Epic, it should have taken hundreds of Years.
Hence Sanskrit precedes Prakrit.
Sanskrit mentions that Sanskrit is Deva Basha, the Language of Gods, while Prakrit was calls the Language of Man, Manusha Basha.
The inference is that while Sanskrit was used for Literary works, Prakrit was in daily usage .Panini's Grammar precedes Prakrit Grammar
Calling Sanskrit as having been derived from Prakrit is akin to declaring cockney as the Mother of English Language.
There is aview that most of the Jain Literature was written in Prakrit ans hence Sansrit is preceded by Prakrit.
What people forget is jainism is of later origin when compared to Hinduism.
Another ancient language tamil mentions Sanskrit and Prakrit and declares Sanskrit as the language of Indian Philosophy.
The argument that Sanskrit was not the original Language  is pure idiotic wishful thinking.
Lets us see now why the argument Sanskrit is not from India is erroneous.

    http://ramanisblog.in/2013/11/20/sanskrit-not-hindu-language-nor-rig-veda/

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  • Telugu, Tamil Malayalam Not Spoken In North, Incorrect Study

    There was a news item that ten Indian Languages face extinction ,some being swallowed by the other Languages.

    But these are dialects that are in vogue in Karnataka.

    It is natural that a Dialect gets absorbed in a language over a period of time, if the Dialect does not attempt into evolving as a language.

    This is in the hands of the people who speak the Dialect.

    Unless people respect their mother tongue, even if it is a Dialect, the Dialect is bound to die.

    The same phenomenon is likely to happen for the Languages of india if they, in their mad  quest for aping English language and culture., right from asking children from age 3, to chant ‘Rain.Rain Go away’ in a Country where Rains are needed , or ‘Baba Black sheep,,,wool’, where the Sun scorches..

    ”

    According to the Census, Karnataka has 50 tribal languages, besides the speakers of 22 scheduled ones. In all, at least 72 languages are spoken in the state. The survey has examined and recorded 42 of the languages.

    Karnataka is one of the few states with a variety of tongues. For instance, Varli language speakers, settled in Bijapur and Belgaum, number just 165, while Chenchu speakers, settled in Gulbarga and Yadgir districts account for only 470. Dakkhani Urdu took birth in Karnataka after the Mughals shifted their capital from Delhi to Devagiri. Experts vouch for the influence of Dakkhani Urdu on Sufism.

    Linguists express concern that loss of a language is the loss of a knowledge system, life system and ecology. “All tribal languages are endangered. Due to the constraints, we couldn’t conduct field studies and record the status of all languages in the state. For instance, we have only recorded the grammatical structure of seven minority languages – Tulu, Kodava, Konkani, Dakkhani, Banjara, Sanketi and Beary. There are others like Tibetan,” said Prof HM Maheshwaraiah of Karnatak University, who is the editor of the volume on the languages of Karnataka” (times of India ,Aug 10, 2013)

    There was a Report in the Times of India dated 28 August, 2013, quoting the People’s lInguistic Society,listing Indian cities with most languages being spoken, least spoken, and more data on these lines.

    It lists Hindi as the most spoken language, followed by Telugu.

    Seems correct.

    The question arises where the report  lists the languages along with the States they are spoken in, where the Data seems to be incorrect.

    For Instance, Malayalam is shown as being spoken in Kerala, Tamilnadu;Kannada in Karnataka and Andhra:Tamil in Tamil Nadu. Puducherry,Andhra,Kerala.

    What about Malayalam?Tamil/Kannada/Telugu being spoken in the other cities?

    The report also lists that more languages are spoken in the North East.

    Do they mean Dialects.?

    For the survey have they collected data as ‘Mother Tongue’ or ‘the language spoken?’

    There is a wide difference between the two concepts,

    The study seems to suffer from a lot of inaccuracies.

    When they speak of Hindi, which Hindi are they speaking about?

    UP,Bihar,MP,Himachal Pradesh,Maharashtra,Hyderabad, Bangalore?

    Please read the reports at their site.

    Source:

    http://peopleslinguisticsurvey.org/news-and-events.aspx

    http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-10/bangalore/41266115_1_linguistic-survey-indian-languages-tribal-languages