Tag: Indian History

  • Red Shiva Ganesha Hanuman Vishnu Marks Australia Aborigines

    I published articles on Australia being Home of Weapons, Astra Aalaya, Shiva with Third Eye dance in Australian Tribe.

    That ancient Indian Culture spread throughout the world is now an indisputable fact.

    This is arrived at based on Archeology,Astronomy, Archeoastronomy and linguistics.

    Taking into consideration the pattern of migration in Europe, Africa,Latin America and the Scandinavian Countries, it is clear that these waves of migration in Europe happened when the was a Natural  Disaster in Asia and this is acknowledged in all the cultures mentioned here.

    The natural calamity we speak here is tsunami.

    These Tsunamis have been recorded in almost all Religious texts though under Legends.

    Tamil Literature speaks of three such Tsunamis and during on such tsunami Lord Ramas’ Ancestor  Satyavrata Manu , also called as Vaivasvatha Manu migrated to Ayodhya to found Ikshvaku Dynasty.

    Shiva and His son Ganesha left through Middle east, covering the Africa,Europe and finally settled in Arctic where the Rig Veda was composed before returning through Russia and Iran to India.

    The Super Continents of Gondwana, Laurasia made it easier  for the people of India to travel to Australia.

    This was  during the Triassic period .

    Ganesha Statue,Queensland Gympie.jpg
    At Dogun, schoolboy Cliff Brown, 13, found an elephant about 100mm high carved from beige granite. It is thought to be the Hindu God Ganesha.
    Hanuman Or Gympie Ape.jpg
    Hanuman Or Gympie Ape?ueensland ,Australia

    Later this area shrunk during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic  periods.

    The early Indians took to sea and land routes.

    Australian Aborigines and Indian People.

    Australian Aborigines with Vishnu Maks.jpg
    Australian Aborigines with Vishnu Marks.

     

    1. there is an underlying unity of female lineages in India, indicating that the initial number of female settlers may have been small;
    2. the tribal and the caste populations are highly differentiated;
    3. the Austro-Asiatic tribals are the earliest settlers in India, providing support to one anthropological hypothesis while refuting some others;( Typical Western approach to Hinduism, that of attributing the source as the offshoot!)
    4. a major wave of humans entered India through the northeast;
    5. the Tibeto-Burman tribals share considerable genetic commonalities with the Austro-Asiatic tribals, supporting the hypothesis that they may have shared a common habitat in southern China, but the two groups of tribals can be differentiated on the basis of Y-chromosomal haplotypes;
    6. the Dravidian tribals were possibly widespread throughout India before the arrival of the Indo-European-speaking nomads, but retreated to southern India to avoid dominance;
    7. formation of populations by fission that resulted in founder and drift effects have left their imprints on the genetic structures of contemporary populations;
    8. the upper castes show closer genetic affinities with Central Asian populations, although those of southern India are more distant than those of northern India;
    9. historical gene flow into India has contributed to a considerable obliteration of genetic histories of contemporary populations so that there is at present no clear congruence of genetic and geographical or sociocultural affinities.”

    Hinduism spread through Philippines and south-east Asia.

    This Ancient Bronze Hindu/Buddhist Deity (Vishnu?) was Found at the Gympie 'Pyramid' Site.jpg
    This Ancient Bronze Hindu/Buddhist Deity (Vishnu?) was Found at the Gympie ‘Pyramid’ Site.

     

    From that time, the increasing wealth, population and thus prestige of Sanskrit-brahmin guided Hindu kingdoms motivated the usage of gold for coins, sculptures and decoration of temples and palaces. Sumatra, in modern Indonesia, was known as an “island of gold” and an 11th century hoard of royal Javanese gold bullion is preserved in Indonesia, and was exhibited in Brisbane 10 years ago. In the 14th century, Hindu Javanese gold-miners sailed to Philippines to prospect and mine, and a gold sculpture from that era is now in the USA. The nagara “royal city” of Angkor Wat consumed artworks of many types, and logically this would include gold in great quantities. The evidence shows that the Hindu Kingdoms’ search for gold led them to the shores of Eastern Australia. There they found the motherlode.

     

    Gympie was “Meru’ndai” according to the Australian “ng’tja guru” elders. In Indonesia, “Meru’ndai” means “beautiful Meru”, and Bali language “ngajahin guru” means “training. teacher”. In the 1860s a hill at Meru’ndai had a circle of pillars with a wheel shaped stone in the centre, and 7 levels with stone-lined terraces. Indra sends floods to the world which is shaped as a wheel. Early Tamil temples had a wheel shape and the work that was involved in building this one indicates the size of the population at the gold-mine. Aboriginals were fearful of the temple spirits, which shows that they were not the builders. It is near the river at Gympie and the bay south of Fraser Island. In 1867 gold was found by Europeans and the cut stones of the temple were removed by European gold-miners , to build houses. They collected 4 tons of gold by hand in the 1800s as well as from the deep mine, and today Gympie near Brisbane is the 8th biggest gold-mine in Australia and gold is still collected in the creeks.The temple pillars today are in the river to protect the river-bank, and a bulldozer was used to dig holes searching for gold in the hill. Only some terrace stone-walls remain, and a few photos of carved animals

    The country of Meru’ndai at Gympie also included Fraser Island, where the Batjala people called the island Gurree. In that legend,Gurree was a beautiful white sky-spirit princess who created mountains in south Queensland and the island named Gurree, where she looks at the sky reflected in the pure lakes of rain-water in white sand.(2).The legend reminds me of Gauri, the shining white spirit wife of Shiva who washed her in Himalayan snow. She was a creator to balance the destructive power of Shiva, who is also named Indra.

    Gambaingirr teach that “miira” the moon gives the balance in nature and gives energy to people.Sanskrit “mihira” is the moon, a form of Surya the sun, and means to lift up waters for rain. Bali language omits the /h/ in words so that the Aboriginal reflects the Bali pronunciation.Vaharamihira, or Mihira, was a famed astronomer 1500 years ago and is honoured by a wall-mural in India’s parliament. Gidgeon Miiral is the island in Coff’s Harbour of Gambaingirr, and the moon causes rip-tides and floods against those who ignore the laws. (3).Boats can enter the river there only at hightides. The astronomy of Kumbhaja and Mihira would be vital for ships navigating past the Queensland Barrier Reef and locating rivermouths for landing. Possibly the ships were exploring for gold and sailed south from Meru’ndai in Queensland. “Meru daksina” means the South Pole.

    In Wenaruah country near Newcastle, is a rock-painting of a deity, 1 metre high and with arms 5 metres wide, with bird feet, and with 2 boomerangs .(9) Indra has very long arms and carries a weapon in each hand, and can assume any shape he chooses.  “Wenaruah” means “hills and plains” , and in Bali “wena” means “forests” and “ruah” is “countless”, with adjectives following nouns. Wenaruah had treeless plains, but densely rain-forested hills near Barrington Tops mountains. 

    Further south, in Victoria there is a rock chamber with a painting that is not in usual Aboriginal style. (9).He may have a third eye. The left shoulder has something folded on it, in Hindu style. The actual body colour is red. His name is Bunjil and the painting is in the mountains west of Bendigo gold-field, where gold nuggets are today found on the surface. In Victoria, bora means the tribal dance ground, like Thailand bara meaning “royal dance-room” and Cambodian borei, dance temple.

    * Shiva is Flaming /Golden Red  ( Trikaagni Kaalaaya)in Color while Lakshmi is Gold en Red-Hiranyavarnaam.(Sri  Suktha)

    Reference.

    1. B Green, from historical notes of J Green, 1863.

    2. “Written in Sand” F Williams, Jacaranda. 1982.

    3. Coffs Harbour Tourism, Gydgeon Miiral island.

    4. “Australian Dreaming” Dr J Isaacs, Cam. 1996.

    “Papers of Marjorie Oakes”. Australian Institute Aboriginal Torres     Strait Islander Studies. Canberra.

    “Dictionary of Bundjalung” Dr M Sharpe, UNE Armidale.

    5. Dr Darma Putra, School of Languages, UQld Brisbane.

    6. Dr McC Taylor, Asian Studies, ANU Canberra.

    7. Michael Anderson, Ngurampaa elder of Euahlayi of Gamilaroi.

    8. Dr J Atkinson, College of Aboriginal Studies, SCU Lismore.

    9. “Riches of Ancient Australia” Dr J Flood, UQld Brisbane, 1990.

     

  • Celts Ancestors of French English Worshiped Kali?

    I have written an article that the Celts were the descendants of Brahmins of India of Sanatana Dharma.

    River Danube is Danu.

    In Burgundy, France, a site has been excavated and it contains the image of Kali in a wine mixing vessel.

    Goddess Kali is an Amsa of the Devi.

    In Devi worship , Tantra Shastra, advocates certain practices that include drinking.

    Lioness is the vehicle of Devi.

    Notice the tongue protruding as in Kali’s Image.

    Sculpture of Goddess Kali.jpg
    Sculpture of Goddess Kali.
    Wine vessel Vix Grave
    A Gorgon head is on the outside of each of the krater’s three handles. “Cratère de Vix 0007”. Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 via Wikimedia Commons – http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crat%C3%A8re_de_Vix_0007.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Crat%C3%A8re_de_Vix_0007.jpg

    “The area around the village of Vix in northern Burgundy, France is the site of an important prehistoric complex from the CelticLate Hallstatt and Early La Tène periods, comprising an important fortified settlement and several burial mounds. The most famous of the latter, the Vix Grave, also known as the grave of the Lady of Vix, dates to circa 500 BC. Her grave had never been looted and contained remarkably rich grave offerings (collectively sometimes known as the Trésor de Vix), including a great deal of jewellery and the Vix krater, the largest known metal vessel from antiquity, being 1.63 m (5’4″) in height.[1]

     

    • The vase proper, made of a single sheet of hammered bronze, weighs about 60kg. Its bottom is rounded, its maximum diameter is 1.27m, and its capacity is 1,100 litres (290 gallons). Its walls are only 1mm to 1.3mm thick. The krater was found crushed by the weight of the tumulus material above it. It had telescoped completely: the handles were found at the same level as the base. It was restored after excavation.
    • Its foot is made of a single moulded piece, its diameter is 74cm, its weight 20.2kg. It received the rounded bottom of the main vase and ensured its stability. It is decorated with stylised plant motifs.
    • The three handles, supported by rampant lionesses, weighed about 46kg each. Each is a 55cm high volute, each is elaborately decorated with a grimacing gorgon, a common motif on contemporary Greek bronzes.

     

    “Note by Dale D. The face is a typical Gorgon face from Classical Greece and as such something very well known in both Greek and Roman society. Jayasree interprests the face as being that of Kali. This puts the story of Perseus and Medusa into a new light. Now it has been suspected for a long time (and rejected bu Scholars for a long time) that the name “Perseus” means “The Persian” but even this Perseus is shown dressed in Persian style wearing what looks like pyjamas and curly-toed boots and wearing a Phrygian cap. He is said to have taken the head of Medusa-this gorgon mask -by murdering the goddess because it was death for her to look upon anyone. By stealing the head of the Goddess he intended to control her powers of dealing death by showing the head only to people he wanted to die. He took the head to Joppa and used it to kill the Sea Dragon Cetus (“Whale”, but usually shown as looking like a typical dragon) and to rescue princess Andromeda for his wife. Andromeda means “The one that men like to think about” and Kali in Greek means “Good-Looking”, similar to the English Comely. It seems the true meaning is that this Persian fellow came back from a trip into India with an icon of Kali and used it to magically curse his enemies to death-so he said-and a story was added that he had killed the Goddess and took her head (The face mask was then given over to the Greek Goddess Athena and became one of her symbols, she was supposed to wear it as a badge on her goatskin over-robe) ALL of these mythological figures are constellations; the story figures heavily in Greek Astronomy and together they cover a fair section of the sky, from near the North Pole to the constellation Cetus, which lies below the ecliptic and the band of the constellations of the zodiac’

     

    Citation.

    Vix Grave

    Frontiers of Anthropology

  • Homa Kunda In Kanyakumari 280 BC Tamils

    The Sanatana Dharma walked hands in  hand with Tamils.

    As early as  96 AD reference had been made by  an anonymous author about Kanyakumari.

    Periplus of Erythrean Sea” (81-96 AD) refers to Kanyakumari.

    Kanyakumari Temple.jpg
    Kanyakumari Temple.

    Eratosthenes 4 who visited India in about 276 B.C.

    In Poromcode, near Kaliyakkavilai, a neolithic celt was discovered which may roughly be dated to 1500 to 1000 B.C. (period of neolithic civilisation in Tamil Nadu).

    A hand made coarse earthern jar and other relics were found near Thoothur village in Kanniyakumari district. The shape, fabric and the decorations indicate that they are probably of the megalithic or early historic period.

    From the legends and traditions existing in these regions, it has to be believed, beyond doubt, that a great city flourished in these regions during the megalithic or early historic period and that it might have been similar to the one which existed in Mohanjadaro and Harappa. Since, the relics of this period remained in the sea bed, it has to be believed that this civilisation was wiped out due to sea erosion.

    ‘The Kingdom of the Ayis flourished to the South of the Chera Kingdom and it extended from Nelcynda’ 140 AD (obviously identical to Nelcynda of the Periplus) to ‘Komari’.-Ptolemy.

    : The earliest known rulers of this region belonged to the Ayi dynasty, whose remote ancestors are referred to as the ‘Hida Raja’ in the Asokan Rock Edicts II and XIV. The term ‘Hida’ is the variation of ‘Ida’ or ‘Idaya’ a synonym of ‘Ayar’ which takes its singlular form as ‘AYI’. Probably the region around ‘Pothiyil’ mountains was ruled by them. Thus the antiquity of the ‘Ayis’ dates back to 250 B.C. and possibly still earlier. The mention of them in the Asokan Edicts along with the Cholas, Pandyas, Cheras and Sathiyaputras as independent rulers outside the Mauryan dominion, enhanced their importance.

    Ayi Andiran : He was one of the many Vei Chieftains who ruled over several parts of the Tamil country. Legends are many about the ancestry of the Vel Cheiftains. To mention one, they are said to have issued from a ’Homakundam’.Domain of Ayi Andiran was the area around the Pothiyil Hill which is the Southern most section of the Western Ghats…

    Maduraikanchi, a literary work lends support to the view that Kanniyakumari was in possession of the Pandyas. ‘Purananuru’ mentions the Pandya ruler as the lord of the Pahruli river which had its confluence with the sea at Kanniyakumari. Besides early inscriptions also mention Nanjilnadu as part of the Pandya Empire. Vadimbalambaninra Pandyan, it is said, by his engineering skill harnessed the course of this river. The Goddess Kanniyakumari was regarded as the family deity of the Pandyas..

    This clearly shows the interaction between the Tamils and  Sanatana Dharma since  3 Century in Kanniyakumari.

    Let me add that Kanyakumari district has two famous temples, Suchindram Sthanumalayar Temple and Kanyakumari Temple at Kanyakumari.

    Suchindarm has a rare temple where Brahma , Vishnu ans Shiva are found in one idol.

    Kanyakumari was a part of Tamil Nadu when Tamils’s land extended beyond Kanyakumari  and the land was was consumed bya Tsunami.

    Reference.

    http://kanyakumariinformation.com/history/

  • Abraham Brahmin Priest Voltaire. Migrated From India

    The similarities in terms of the Etymology of the words in Judaism, Hiitie,the ancestors of the Jewish People, the legends about the characters in their mythology are striking.

    I have posted an article that Manu is believed to Be Noah and Yehuda is derived from Yadava, Yayati.

    Some interesting points have come to my notice.

    “Abraham descended from some of the numerous Brahman priests who left India to spread their teachings throughout the world”

    -Voltaire.

    Isaac sacrifice Rembrandt Painting.jpg
    Abraham Sacrificing Isaac,Rembrandt Painting. This work is in the public domain in the United States, and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years or less.

    He based his assertions on the similarity of names and the fact that the city of Ur, land of the patriarchs, was near the border of Persia, the road to India, where that Brahman had been born.

    The name of Brahma was highly respected in India, and his influence spread throughout Persia as far as the lands bathed by the rivers Euphrates and Tigris. The Persians adopted Brahma and made him their own. Later they would say that the God arrived from Bactria, a mountainous region situated midway on the road to India. (pp. 46-47.)

    Bactria (a region of ancient Afghanistan) was the locality of a prototypical Jewish nation called Juhuda or Jaguda, also called Ur-Jaguda. Ur meant “place or town.” Therefore, the bible was correct in stating that Abraham came from “Ur of the Chaldeans.” “Chaldean,” more correctly Kaul-Deva (Holy Kauls), was not the name of a specific ethnicity but the title of an ancient Hindu Brahmanical priestly caste who lived in what are now Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the Indian state of Kashmir.

    “The tribe of Ioud or the Brahmin Abraham, was expelled from or left the Maturea of the kingdom of Oude in India and, settling in Goshen, or the house of the Sun or Heliopolis in Egypt, gave it the name of the place which they had left in India, Maturea.” (Anacalypsis; Vol. I, p. 405.)

    “He was of the religion or sect of Persia, and of Melchizedek.”(Vol. I, p. 364.)

    “The Persians also claim Ibrahim, i.e. Abraham, for their founder, as well as the Jews. Thus we see that according to all ancient history the Persians, the Jews, and the Arabians are descendants of Abraham.(p.85) …We are told that Terah, the father of Abraham, originally came from an Eastern country called Ur, of the Chaldees or Culdees, to dwell in a district called Mesopotamia. Some time after he had dwelt there, Abraham, or Abram, or Brahma, and his wife Sara or Sarai, or Sara-iswati, left their father’s family and came into Canaan. The identity of Abraham and Sara with Brahma and Saraiswati was first pointed out by the Jesuit missionaries.”(Vol. I; p. 387.)”

    Moisés y los Extraterrestres by Tomás Doreste .

    Another View.

    Abraham is Brahma.

    In Hindu mythology, Sarai-Svati is Brahm’s sister. The bible gives two stories of Abraham. In this first version, Abraham told Pharaoh that he was lying when he introduced Sarai as his sister. In the second version, he also told the king of Gerar that Sarai was really his sister. However, when the king scolded him for lying, Abraham said that Sarai was in reality both his wife and his sister!“…and yet indeed she is my sister; she is the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my wife.” (Genesis 20:12.)..

    The bible also states that Ishmael, son of Hagar, and his descendants lived in India. “…Ishmael breathed his last and died, and was gathered to his kin… They dwelt from Havilah (India), by Shur, which is close to Egypt, all the way to Asshur.” (Genesis 25:17-18.) It is an interesting fact that the names of Isaac and Ishmael are derive from Sanskrit: (Hebrew) Ishaak = (Sanskrit) Ishakhu = “Friend of Shiva.” (Hebrew) Ishmael = (Sanskrit) Ish-Mahal = “Great Shiva.”

    A third mini-version of the Abraham story turns him into another “Noah.” We know that a flood drove Abraham out of India. “…Thus saith the Lord God of Israel, your fathers dwelt on the other side of the flood in old time, Even Terah, the father of Abraham, and the father of Nachor; and they served other gods. And I took your father Abraham from the other side of the flood, and led him throughout all the land of Canaan.” (Joshua 24:2-3.)..

    About 1900 BC, the cult of Brahm was carried to the Middle and Near East by several different Indian groups after a severe rainfall and earthquake tore Northern India apart, even changing the courses of the Indus and Saraisvati rivers. The classical geographer Strabo tells us just how nearly complete the abandonment of Northwestern India was. “Aristobolus says that when he was sent upon a certain mission in India, he saw a country of more than a thousand cities, together with villages, that had been deserted because the Indus had abandoned its proper bed.” (Strabo’s Geography, XV.I.19.)

    “The drying up of the Sarasvati around 1900 BCE, which led to a major relocation of the population centered around in the Sindhu and the Sarasvati valleys, could have been the event that caused a migration westward from India. It is soon after this time that the Indic element begins to appear all over West Asia, Egypt, and Greece.” (Indic Ideas in the Graeco-Roman World, by Subhash Kak, taken from IndiaStar online literary magazine; p.14)

    Indian historian Kuttikhat Purushothama Chon believes that Abraham was driven out of India. He states that the Aryans, unable to defeat the Asuras (The mercantile caste that once ruled in the Indus Valley or Harappans) spent so many years fighting covertly against the Asuras, such as destroying their huge system of irrigation lakes, causing destructive flooding, that Abraham and his kindred just gave up and marched to West Asia. (See Remedy the Frauds in Hinduism.) Therefore, besides being driven out of Northern India by floods, the Aryans also forced Indian merchants, artisans, and educated classes to flee to West Asia.’

    On the basis of available evidence I am inclined to take the position that Abraham could have descended from Brahmins and coud have migrated either from South India when Shiva and Ganesha left for the Arctic through Middle east and Satyavarta Manu left for Ayodhya or from the Uttarakuru Kingdom.

    Citation.

    Who was Abraham?

  • Bhima’s Seat Bhimbetka Oldest Cave Shelter

    It is not surprising to find evidence that the Ithihasa and Puranas are right.

    I have been posting articles validating the information provided by the Ithihasas and Puranas with the help of Astronomy,Archeology,Lingusitics and Geology.

    One more addition to the Geological evidence about the Mahabharata.

    We have a place in Madhya Pradesh, Bhimbetka, ‘Bhima’s Seat’

    It is a Rock shelter, presumed to be the oldest in the world.

    It is declared as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

    Bhimas' Seat, Bhimbetk.jpg
    Bhimas’ Seat, Bhimbetka,Madhya Pradesh India,Rock Shelters

    The Bhimbetka rock shelters are an archaeological site of the Paleolithic, exhibiting the earliest traces of human life on the Indian subcontinent, and thus the beginning of the South Asian Stone Age. It is located in the Raisen District in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, near Abdullaganj town and inside the Ratapani Wildlife Sanctuary. At least some of the shelters were inhabited by Homo erectus more than 100,000 years ago.[1][2] Some of the Stone Age rock paintings found among the Bhimbetka rock shelters are approximately 30,000 years old.[3] The caves also deliver early evidence of dance. They were declared a World Heritage Site in 2003.

    The name Bhimbetka (भीमबैठका) is associated with Bhima, a hero-deity of the epic Mahabharata.[4] The word Bhimbetka is said to derive from Bhimbaithka, meaning “sitting place of Bhima”

    Man Riding a Horse Bhibedka.jpg
    Man Riding a Horse Bhibedka.

     

    The Rock Shelters of Bhimbetaka (or Bhim Baithaka) lie in the Raisen District of Madhya Pradesh, 45 kilometers south of Bhopal at the southern edge of the Vindhya hills. South of these rock shelters are successive ranges of the Satpura hills.

     

    Coordinates: 22.9214 N 77.5850 E
    No: 77        (list of all attractions)
    Categories: Petroglyphs and rock art, Caves, Ancient settlements, Ancient burials,Buddhist shrines
    Values: Art, History, Archaeology, Geology
    Rank: 2
    Address: Asia, India, Madhya Pradesh, Raisen district, low hills north from Narmada River, west from Berkhera and south from Obaidullaganj
    Writing in Devanagari: भीमबेटका पाषाण आश्रय
    Age: At least 290,000 years old petroglyphs, paintings up to 15,000 years old, newest drawings – 11th – 14th c. AD.
    UNESCO World Heritage status: Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, 2003, No.925

    hese caves contain the oldest known petroglyphs in the world, some of the most impressive galleries of ancient paintings and even the remnants of Buddhist temples and paintings from 11th – 14th century AD.

    There are hundreds of caves with paintings and some 12 – 15 are open for visitors. In spite of the unique values of Bhimbetka this site is not that popular among tourists yet.

     

    The largest Indian gallery of prehistoric art is spread over wide, circa 40 km² large area. Thus far here have been found some 760 caves on seven hills and more than 500 of these caves contain paintings and other artwork. The largest number of caves is on Bhimbetka Hill – 243 caves and Lakha Juar – 178 caves.

    In a wider area around Bhimbetka there are known more than 1,700 rock shelters. 2 kilometres south-east from Bhimbetka, 1 km east from Bhianpur there is another group of caves with ancient paintings – Chhoti Jamun Jhiri.

    Some caves are very small but others can be large enough to take hundreds of people.

    Most ancient petroglyphs in the world

    There is little doubt – exploration of these caves will provide exciting discoveries for many years to come. One such unexpected discovery was made in a large cave calledAuditorium Cave.

    Auditorium Cave is large, some 25 m long horizontal cave. At the far end of entrance gallery it widens into larger room with three passageways diverting from it. In the centre of this hall there stands enormous boulder – “Chiefs Rock”, 2.5 m high and 3.4 m wide, its volume is approx. 9 m3.

    Cave was well known but it hid an unexpected surprise. In 1990 here, on Chief’s Rock, were discovered 9 cupules – simple, round hemispheric cavities with traces of red pigment. They looked very old but it seemed nearly impossible to find their true age.

     

    Citation.

    Bhimbetka Rock Shelters www. wondermondo.com

    Bhimbeka wiki