One is inundated with advertisements in TV about Hair fall Cures, Pimples,Acne and other cosmetics for Men and Women.
That they are harmful, I have posted a detailed article.
These make up preparations are not new to India.
Cosmetology Ancient India.
Sanskrit and Tamil literature abound in details on this subject and practical tips are available.
A Sample.
Lip balm / lip salve
“Cracked lips, besides being painful, spoil the beauty of the face. The following remedy was recommended in such cases – “If the rind of Bel fruit (Aegle marmelos Corr.) is levigated (i.e. powdered and mixed) in a woman’s milk and the paste thus prepared is applied to the cracked lips, within 10 days the cracking will stop and the cracks will heal[5].”
Skin lightning and exfoliating scrub
A fair skin has always been an attraction for Indians. The following paste used to be applied to the body to make the skin a shade or two lighter and give it a natural glow – “Pound together The root of Kosta [Kooth or Kushtha, English name: Costus.][6] (Saussurea lappa Clarke.), Til seeds (Sessamum indicum Linn.), the leaves of Sirisa (Albizzia lebbek Benth.), the leaves of Chopda (Pongamia pinnata Pierr.), the wood ofDevdar (Cedrus deodara Roxb.) and the wood of Zadali Haled (Berberis aristata DC.) Roast this mixture between dried cakes of Buffalo dung, then take it out and grind it properly to a fine powder. If the paste made from this compound is applied to the body for three consecutive days, the above mentioned desired results will be obtained”.
Cure for dandruff
“Pound khas-khas seeds (Papaver somniferum Linn.) in milk and apply to the scalp. It will cure dandruff”.[5]
Rejuvenation process (Kayakalpa)
A very famous rejuvenation treatment called Kayakalpa used to be practiced. The meaning of the word is to make a person look young, bring about a change in the color of the hair and texture of the skin, improve the eyesight and so forth. “Take equal quantities of Kadunimba (Azadirachta indica Juss.) leaves, Maka (Eclipta alba Haask.) leaves, Mundi [Gorakhmundi] (Sphaeranthus indicus Linn.) leaves, Nirgundi [Nagoda, Nirgundi and Nirgunda (Vitex negundo Linn.)leaves and Vova (Carum copticum Benth.) leaves.
Dry all the 5 ingredients in the shade. Then powder this mixture. Take internally two pinches of this powder twice a day. While the subject is under this treatment, the diet should mainly consist of milk and rice only. Quite soon the person will look younger, the skin will become lustrous and even the grey hair will turn black”.
Depilatory
The presence of hair on arms, face, legs and pubic area, was considered an eyesore, and certain formulae were practiced to remove them.
“Pound together dried fruits of Aavalakatti (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) and dried fruits of Pimpali (Piper longum Linn.). Soak this mixture in the milky latex of Nivadunga (Cactus: Euphorbia nivulia Ham.) If this compound is applied to the desired place, the hair from that area will fall off”.[5]
Breast developers
“Powder together the root of Aswagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal.), the fruit of Gajapimpali(Scindapsus officinalis Schott.), the root of Kosta (Saussurea lappa Clarke.), and the rhizomes of Vekhanda[Vekhanda, English name: Sweet flag. (Acorus calamus Linn.). To this powder add butter made from buffalo’s milk and massage the bust with this medicated butter. This will increase the bustline and make it firm and shapely”.
Some more formulae from other sources, earlier than 18th and 19th cent A.D. include the following:
Face pack
“Take Masura—a lentil common in India (Lens culinaris Medic.) and pound with Madhu (Honey). The paste so prepared, rubbed for seven nights, gives the splendor of the petals of the white lotus flower to the face”.
Cure for pimples
“The application of plaster composed of Kustumburu [Dhana, Dhania, English name: Coriander](Coriandrum sativum Linn.), Vacha or Vekhanda (Acorus calamus Linn.), Lodhra [Lodhar, Lodhra. English name: The Lodh tree] (Symplocos racemosa Roxb.) and Kushtha or Kosta (Saussurea lappa Clarke.) pasted together is also recommended for curing pimples”
Mouth freshener
I quote a verse translated from Sanskrit: “Oh! beautiful damsel, make fragrant quickly, Poog-phala i.e.Supari or Betel nut (Areca catechu Linn.), for rulers of the earth (Kings) by mixing together Kushtha(Saussurea lappa Linn.), Tagara (Valeriana wallichii DC.), Jatiphala (Myrstica fragrans Houtt.), Karpoora(Cinnamomum camphora Nees and Eberm.), Lavanga (Syzygium aromaticum Merrill and Perry.) and Ela(Ellettaria cardamomum Maton)”
Cure for lice and nits
“On tying the head with a piece of cloth dipped in the juice of Phanivalli (Piper betel Linn.) or ‘Paan” leaves, to which has been added Paratda (Mercury), lice and nits would be finished off.
General hair remedy and cure for the prematurely graying
“Juice of Bhringaraja or Maka (Eclipta alba Hassk.), together with Lohakitta (Iron-rust: Non-botanical. Iron oxide, normally Red oxide.), Phalatrikam or Triphala = Collection of three fruits, viz. Harada [Hirda, English name: Chebulic myrobalan (Terminalia chebula retz.), Beheda [Behada, English name: Belleric myrobalan][6] (Terminalia bellerica retz.) and Avala [Amla, English name: Emblic myrobalan (Phyllanthus emblica Gaertn.), cooked in oil when applied (to the scalp), would cure dandruff, itching, alopecia and would also darken the hair, which have become grey prematurely.
Deodorant powder
“The powder from the barks of Sahakara [Aam, Amba, English name: Mango][17] (Mangifera indica Linn.) tree and Dadima [Dadim, Dalimba; English name: Pomegranate][17] (Punica granatum Linn.) tree, mixed with Shankha (Fragrant Shell) powder and applied to the relevant part of the body, removes bad odour. The powder made of Chincha (Tamarindus indica Linn.) and Karanja (Pongamia glabra Vent.) seeds, if applied also removes bad odour.[19,20]
Examples of above given formulae serve to give some idea of Ancient Indian researchers and their contribution to Indian Medical Lore.
The research involved in this work was to compile the cosmetic formulae from various sources and then to find the proper equivalent botanical names for the Sanskrit and Prakrit terminologies (For the ingredients used in the formulae). This was done with the help of native people and experienced vaidyas in South India and Maharashtra. Identification was done by studying the properties of the plant and if these plant names were the actual ingredients used.
Some of the formulae are still in use by some rural women in the interiors of India. Some formulae are in use even today by vaidyas practicing the Ayurveda branch of medicine.
This study forms mainly an ethnobotanical contribution to our knowledge and is hoped that it forms the basis for further chemical, clinical and allied investigations in the cosmetic and therapeutic aspects of the Indian botanicals.
REFERENCES
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