I have written a few articles, quoting Hindu Purana, Archaeology,Astronomical Dating,Comparative Study of Cultures ,Etymology of Languages that the Americas are the Patala Loka, Nether World described in the Hindu Texts is the Americas.The ancestors of the ancient Americans were Hindus/Tamils.
The Ramayana describes the travel of Indrajit,son of Ravana, to Patala Loka to conduct a Yagnya to ensure success in the battle against Rama and Lakshmana.
This Patala Loka was inhabited by Mahi Ravana,also called Ahiravana, brother of Ravana.
Ahiravan (Ahiravan or Mahiravan), brother of Ravana, was a rakshasa who secretly carried away Rama and his brother Lakshmana to the nether-world, consulted his friends and decided to sacrifice the life of the two divine brothers at the altar of his chosen deity, goddess Mahamaya. But Hanuman saved their life by killing Ahiravan and his army.
(Krittivasi Ramayan)
In the Ramayana, during the battle between Rama and Ravana, when Ravana’s son Indrajit is killed, Ravana calls his brother Ahiravana for help. Ahiravana, the king of Patala (the Underworld), promises to help. Vibhishanasomehow manages to hear about the plot and warns Rama about it. Hanuman is put on guard and told not to let anyone into the room where Rama and Lakshmana are. Ahiravana makes many attempts at entering the room but all of them are thwarted by Hanuman. Finally, Ahiravana takes the form of Vibhishana and Hanuman lets him enter. Ahiravana quickly enters and takes the “sleeping Rama and Lakshmana” away.
When Hanuman realizes what has happened, he goes to Vibhishana. Vibhishana says, “Alas! They have been abducted by Ahiravana. If Hanuman does not rescue them fairly quickly, Ahiravana will sacrifice both Rama and Lakshman to Chandi.” Hanuman goes to Patala, the door to which is guarded by a creature, who is half Vanara and half reptile. Hanuman asks who he is and the creature says, “I am Makardhwaja, your son!” Hanuman is confused since he did not have any child, being an adept Brahmachari. The creature explains, “While you were jumping over the ocean, a drop of your semen(veeriya) fell to the ocean and into the mouth of a mighty crocodile. This is the origin of my birth.”
One has to go 70000 yojanas deeper in earth to reach to reach there.
Mexico and Brazil are exactly below India and one has to dig a hole(tunnel) of that distance to travel vertically.
Patalkot Valley.
Now the entrance used by Indrajith and Hanuman is in Patalkot (Sanskrit for “very deep”) is a valley in the Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh, India.
The Patalkot valley is spread over an area of 79 km2. at an average height of 2750–3250 feet above Mean Sea Level from 22.24 to 22.29 ° North and 78.43 to 78.50 ° East. The valley is located at a distance of 78 km from Chhindwara in the North-West direction and 20 km from Tamia in the North-East Direction. ‘Doodhi’ river flows in the picturesque valley. This horse–shoe shaped valley is surrounded by giant hills and there are several pathways to reach the villages located inside the valley.
There is a belief that after worshipping ‘Lord Shiva’, Prince ‘Meghnath’ had gone to Patal-lok through this place only. People say that Kings ruled this place in the 18th and 19th Centuries and that there was a long tunnel connecting this place to Pachmarhi in Hoshangabad District. Traditionally, the site is believed to be the entrance to Patal. This valley had long been cut off from the civilized culture outside and was discovered only few years back. Patalkot has been a home to a tribal culture and custom since its origin.
Indian Scriptures and Epics never fail to surprise me with their astounding descriptions of things that are being visualized , nay being though of as A Theory, in Higher Sciences.
Wormhole
I have posted quite a few articles on Advanced Concepts in Ancient scriptures of India, The Vedas, The Purana and the Epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata.
Painting of wormhole, UFO in a Cave, Raisin, Madhya Pradesh,India,
Be it Stem Cell Research.Weather prediction, Genes Study, Advanced Mathematics,Chemistry, Physics.Biology, the list is endless.
I have posted articles and these may be found under Hinduism.
Now I have come across a shocker of information, that of Wormhole in The Ramayana!
What is a Wormhole?
A wormhole is a hypothetical topological feature that would fundamentally be a shortcut through spacetime. A wormhole is much like a tunnel with two ends, each in separate points in spacetime.
For a simplified notion of a wormhole, visualize space as a two-dimensional (2D) surface. In this case, a wormhole can be pictured as a hole in that surface that leads into a 3D tube (the inside surface of a cylinder). This tube then re-emerges at another location on the 2D surface with a similar hole as the entrance. An actual wormhole would be analogous to this, but with the spatial dimensions raised by one. For example, instead of circular holes on a 2D plane, the entry and exit points could be visualized as spheres in 3D space.
Researchers have no observational evidence for wormholes, but the equations of the theory of general relativity have valid solutions that contain wormholes. Because of its robust theoretical strength, a wormhole is one of the great physics metaphors for teaching general relativity. The first type of wormhole solution discovered was the Schwarzschild wormhole, which would be present in the Schwarzschild metric describing an eternal black hole, but it was found that it would collapse too quickly for anything to cross from one end to the other. Wormholes that could be crossed in both directions, known as traversable wormholes, would only be possible if exotic matter with negative energy density could be used to stabilize them.’
Wormhole , in simple words is like a Bedroll/Bed-sheet/Holdall which can be rolled and unrolled.
That is if one has to travel to the Pole Star which is about 480 Light years away , the point of Earth from where we shall start and the end point ,The Pole Star, where we want to reach may be held together as we would a piece of cloth and be rolled, thus making these point very near.
Space has infinite distances.
This bedroll called a Wormhole can be used to shrink the distance and by entering into it one can reach longer distances by entering into the wormhole and emerging on the other side in a short span of Time.
Wormhole in The Ramayana.
In the Ramayana, Sugreeva directs his Vanara Army to search for Sita.
Hanuman ,Angada and the other Vanaras, contrary to Sugreeva’s instruction over stayed in the Vindhya Mountains and came across a cave, Riksha, a cavity.
It was guarded by Maya, under the name of Swayamprabha.
There Hanuman and others became disoriented .
They found, inside the cave verdant flowers and spring, Swans leaving with drenched bodies.
‘On entering the Cave, they the monkeys beheld choicest mansions everywhere made out of gold and silver, some with golden and some with silver domes, while some with golden and some with silver multi-stories, but all are studded with lapis gems with golden windows covered with laceworks of pearls. They have also seen everywhere flowered and fruited trees that are similar in shine to red corals and rubies, and golden honeybees, as well as honeys.
They beheld everywhere diverse and capacious beds and seats that are amazingly crafted with gemstones and gold, and stacks of utensils made of gold, silver and bell metal. They saw the stockpiles of heavenly aloe vera substances and sandalwood sticks and depurated eatables, tubers and fruits. They have also seen top-grade soft drinks, luscious honeys, heaps of finest quality clothing, exotic blankets and sheaves of deerskins. Vanara-s have also observed mounds of undefiled gold stockpiled here and there glowing with the glow of ritual fire’
Hanuman also noted that the Time was lapsing.
Remembering that the deadline given by Sugreeva was nearing, He requested the Lady Maya, Swayam Prabha, to deliver all the Vanaras from the Pit.
She obliged.
Ramayana states,
‘Monkeys enter Riksha cavity, an unsightly and gloomy one, during their search in southern direction. While groping in that dark they loose time set by Sugreeva. Finally, they see luminosity and extraordinarily built mansions, woodlands, trees and lakes. Thereupon they catch sight of an elderly sainted lady and they all approach her asking after the legend of that cavity.
saha taaraa a.ngadaabhyaam tu sa.ngamya hanumaan kapiH |
vicinoti ca vindhyasya guhaaH ca gahanaani ca || 4-50-1
Associated with Angada, Lt. Tara and others, the monkey Hanuma searched the caves and thick forests of Vindhya Range. [4-50-1]..
aaseduH tasya shailasya koTim dakshiNa paschimaam |
teSaam tatra eva vasataam sa kaalo vyatyavartata || 4-5-3
3. tasya shailasya= that, mountain’s; dakshiNa paschimaam koTim= on south, west, peak; aaseduH= reached; teSaam tatra eva vasataam= for them, thereat, alone, on staying [overstaying]; sa kaalaH vyatyavartata= that, time, swiftly elapsed.
They reached the southwest peak of that mountain during their search and the time set by Sugreeva swiftly lapsed while they are overstaying thereat that Mt. Vindhya alone.
5, 6, 7, 8a. gajaH gavaakSaH gavayaH sharabhaH gandhamaadanaH= Gaja, Gavaaksha, Gavaya, Sharabha, Gandhamaadana; maindaH ca dvividaH caiva= Mainda, also, Dvivida, also thus; hanumaan jaambavaan api= Hanuma, Jaambavanta, even; yuva raajaH angadaH ca= crown, prince, Angada, also; vana gocaraH taaraH ca= forest-mover, Lt. Tara, also; paraspareNa rahitaa= mutually, without – distancing from one another; anyonyasya= in mutuality; a +vi +duurataH= not, very, far-flung – one another; giri jaala aavR^itaan deshaan= mountains, mesh of, encompassed by, province; maargitvaa= having searched; tataH dakSiNaam disham vicinvantaH= then, southern, direction, on searching; tatra= there; daanavena abhi rakshitam= by a demon, well-guarded; durgam= impassable one; R^iksha bilam naama= Riksha, cavity, known as; vi +vR^itam bilam= very, wide, cavity; dadR^ishuH= they observed.
Without pressing one another closely, yet not distancing from one another largely, Gaja, Gavaaksha, Gavaya, Sharabha, Gandhamaadana, also thus Mainda, Dvivida, and Hanuma, and even Jaambavanta, crown prince Angada, also the forest-mover Lt. Tara have searched that province in southern direction that is encompassed with interlocked mountains, and during their search there they have observed a wide-opened and impassable cavity known as Riksha cavity which is well guarded by a demon called Maya. [4-50-5, 6, 7, 8a]
9b,10a. tatra= there; krauncaaH ca hamsaaH ca saarasaaH ca= Kaunca waterfowls, also, swans, also, Saarasa waterfowls, also; jala aardraaH= by water, drenched; padma reNubhiH= with lotus, pollen; rakta angaaH reddened, with bodies; cakravaakaaH ca api= Cakravaka waterfowls, also, even; niSkraman= exiting; [dadR^ishuH= they saw.]
There they have seen the swans and the waterfowls like Kraunca, Saarasa, and even Cakravaka waterfowls exiting from the cavity with their bodies drenched in water and reddened with the dapples of lotuses’ pollen. [4-50-9b, 10a]
naanaa sattva samaakiirNaam daitya indra nilaya upamam || 4-50-12
durdarsham iva ghoram ca durvigaahyam ca sarvashaH |
12b, 13a. naanaa sattva samaakiirNaam= diverse, beings, dispersed with; daitya indra nilaya upamam= demon’s, emperor’s [Emperor Bali,] residence, similar; dur darsham iva= not, to see [unsightly,] like; ghoram= hideous; sarvashaH= from anywhere; dur +vi+ gaahyam ca= impossible, verily, to enter [un-enterable cavity,] also.
That hideous cavity is dispersed with diverse beings, similar to the residence of the emperor of demons, namely Emperor Bali, in Paataala, the Netherworld, and it is unsightly and impermeable from anywhere. [4-50-12b, 13a]
nishamya tasmaat si.mhaaH ca taan taan ca mR^iga pakshiNaH || 4-50-18
praviSTaa hari shaarduulaa bilam timira aavR^itam |
18b, 19a. hari shaarduulaa= monkeys, tigerly ones; tasmaat= therefrom – coming from cavity; simhaaH ca= lions, also; taan taan ca= those, those – various, also; mR^iga pakshiNaH= animals, birds; nishamya= on seeing; timira aavR^itam= by obscurity, shrouded; bilam praviSTaaH= cavity, they entered.
Those tigerly monkeys have also seen lions and various other animals and birds exiting therefrom, and entered that cavity which is enshrouded in obscurity. [4-50-18b, 19a]
na teSaam sajjate dR^iSTiH na tejaH na paraakramaH || 4-50-19
vaayoH iva gatiH teSaam dR^iSTiH tam api var.htate |
19b, 20a. teSaam= for them; dR^iSTiH na sajjate= eyesight, not, fit enough [became unfit, ineffectual / obstructed]; tejaH na= their vigour, no; paraakramaH na= valorousness, no; teSaam gatiH= their, permeation; vaayoH iva= air [gust,] like; dR^iSTiH tamasi vartate= eyesight, in gloominess, actuated.
Their eyesight, or their vigour, or their valorousness is rendered ineffectual, and their permeation is just like the directionless air as their eyesight is thwarted in gloominess’
It may be noted that the description resembles that of a Black-hole.
And the presence of birds with water dripping from their bodies in the cave here there was no water body and the existence of buildings made of Gold, Silver inside a Cave and different types of Beings indicate a different world.
Only on Exiting the cave do the Vanaras become normal and find the normal terrain of the Earth.
‘On listening to Hanuman about the plight of monkeys by which they entered this cavity in searching for Seetha, Sainted Lady Swayamprabha becomes sympathetic and offers guestship.
When entreated by Hanuman for an exit from that incarceration, and as the time frame set by Sugreeva is lapsed in this very cavity, Swayamprabha asks Vanaras to cover their eyes and then uses her ascetic powers to transport the monkeys from that cave, which exit is otherwise impossible for any other intruder, in his aliveness.
After exiting from black cave, vanaras find themselves lose to an ocean located south of the Vindyas.
Instead of landing just after the Vindhyas , they land quite far near the Ocean, overshooting the Land by a few hundred Miles.’
The legend of the world being rolled in appears in the Legend of Hiranyaksha, brother of Hiranyakasipu, who rolled the earth and hid it , only to be recovered by Lord Vishnu.
Vishnu picks up the Roll and re-rolls it.
Vishnu Purana , in the narration of Mandhata, ancestor of Lord Rama, states that when Mandhata visited Brahma in Brahma Loka for a few minutes after traveling, found , on return, that hundreds of Years have passed in the Earth!
Similar legends abound in the Eighteen Puranas.
The entry and exit by the Vanaras echoes the ‘ Einstein–Rosen bridge’
‘A group of anthropologists, lead by archaeologist Mohammed Wasim Khan of the Archeological Environment Research and Tribal Welfare Society, working with hill tribes in Hoshangabad, earlier known as Narmadapura in Madhya Pradesh made a startling discovery.
They found caves hidden in a deep jungle in Raisin. In one such caves was found an amazing ancient painting which shows a person in a catsuit, a UFO like flying object, and a cylindrical spring like shape (wormhole path ?).’
A word to sneering doubting Thomases about these legends.
Please note that the term Wormhole is not considered proven but deduced and perceived to a Hypothesis and people take it as True without reservations.
Why not the Ramayana, whose date, geographical dates have been proved beyond doubt.
Here you are dealing with some thing far more advanced that your modern concepts.
Wait till you get to know more about Physics when it becomes more advanced.
* The Verse are from The Ramayana Kishintakanda, Sarga 50.
There are two types of offerings in the Fire in Hinduism,Yaga and Yagnya.
Yaaga is one conducted with a Purpose, to fulfill a desire.
Yagnya Being performed
Yagnya is conducted because it is to be conducted, a Duty, A Categorical Imperative as Immanuel Kant puts it.
Yagnya is to be performed with a sense of detachment, anticipating nothing in return.
Fire is chosen to perform Yaaga and Yagnya because Fire has Five Unique Qualities , called
‘ Panchagnividya’
The flame of fire always goes upwards.It implies that despite immense pressures of fear and temptations our flame of wisdom, and foresight should ever be kept-alight and up-turned.
Anything coming in contact with fire becomes fire itself, indicating that we , having been a part of Reality,God, become One with It.
Fire accumulates nothing, reminding us that ,in Life we accumulate Nothing
The residue of fire are ashes making us remember that we turn to Ashes thereby reaffirming the Impermanence of Life.
Types of Yagnyas.
The Seva Yagna — altruist service of the society is a noble example of Yagya.
The Gyan Yagya, The Comprehension of True Knowledge.
Vak Yagnya, Speaking Good of others, never ill of others.
Mano Yagnya, thinking of only Noble Thoughts,
Hearing only that which is Good for All (Bhadram karnobi Srunuyaama Devaa-Rig Veda)
Purusha Suktha speaks about the evolution of the Universe.
The Prana Yagya implies — the service of saving the lives of people from suffering and agonies and inspiring liveliness and respect for life in them. A variety of such Yagyas are described in the Shastras.
Benefits of Yagnya.
Yagya is also glorified as “Yajóoaya Sarvakaamdhuk” meaning, “Yagya is the source of fulfilling all desires”.
“Agni Mºde Purohitam” The first revelation of Rig Veda of is said to have given knowledge of kindling fire toYagya is also glorified as“Yajóoaya Sarvakaamdhuk” meaning, “Yagya is the source of fulfilling all desires”. .
Yagnya is the primordial source of the Forces of Nature and this is explained in the Purusha Suktha.
The efficacy of Yagnya, Scientific study Results.
3. Purification of Environment by Yagna
The industrial wastes, rapid urbanization, deforestation, air and water pollution,
disturbances in the ozone layer -formation, radioactive waves etc., have
destabilized the human, animal and plant life cycles. The ecological imbalance
caused by these acts of ‘civilized men’ has resulted into disastrous threat not only
to human survival but to the life as a whole on our planet.
Till recently it was accepted that research into science can furnish answer to all of
man’s problems. Today we find increasing number of diseases including
malfunctioning of body organs due to increasing severity of pollution in the
atmosphere. Ozone layer depletion has been causing ailments like sunburn, skin
cancer, cataracts and weakening of the immune system. Viruses are becoming
drug-resistant and showing consistent growth trends.
Experimental studies show that the incidence of physical ailments, sickness and
disease are reduced in the houses, where the
Yagna (Agnihotra) is regularly performed because it creates a pure, nutritional and medicinal atmosphere. Itrenews the brain cells, revitalizes the skin, purifies blood and prevents growth of pathogenic organisms.
Agnihotra is basically a healing process. ‘Heal the atmosphere and the healed
atmosphere will heal you’— is the Modus Operandi
Purification of environment through the constituent electrons of the substances
fumigated in the Yagna is an obvious effect of this process [2-4]. The observation
of some distinguished scientists is note worthy in this regard.
Dr. Hafkine has mentioned that — “mixing ghee and sugar and burning them
creates smoke which kills the germs of certain diseases and secretion takes place
from some glands relate to the wind-pipe, which fill our heart and mind with
pleasure.
Sugars present in Havishya have great power to purify the atmosphere. It kills
the germs of T.B., measles, smallpox and cow-pox — remarks Prof. Tilward.
According to Dr. Shirowich, a Russian scientist has remarked that (i) Cow’s milk
contains great power of protection from atomic radiation; (ii) Houses having
cow-dung covered floors enjoy complete protection from atomic radiation; (iii) If
cow’s ghee is put into Yagna fire, its fumes lessen the effect of atomic radiation to
a great extent.
The medicinal fumes emanating from Agnihotra have been observed by
researchers in the field of microbiology to be clearly bacteriolethal in nature.
These eradicate bacteria and other micro-organisms, which are the root cause of
illness and diseases. This must be the reason why the incidence of physical
ailments, sickness and diseases becomes less in the households, where
Agnihotra is regularly performed.
Even without going into detailed chemical bacteriology, it can be stated that
performance of Yagna leads to purification of air. This takes place in the
following four ways .
3.1. Removal of Foul Odors:
As already stated, under steam volatilization, the various volatile oils get diffused
in the surrounding atmosphere along with steam and smoke. Since these oils have
distinct good smell, the foul odors are automatically replaced. This aroma can be
experienced easily in the surroundings when
Yagna is performed due to diffusion of substances like thymol, eugenol, pine, terpinol and oils of sandal-wood, camphor and clove.
3.2. Removal of Bacteria:
As stated under products of combustion, the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons
and decomposition of complex organic substances produce formal aldehyde
which is a powerful antiseptic. It is also interesting to note that germicidal action
of formaldehyde is only effective in the presence of water vapor which is also
produced in large quantities in Yagna.
The use of formaldehyde spray for disinfecting of walls, ceiling etc., is common and such a spray is automatically produced when
Yagna
is performed.
The oxidation of hydrocarbons also produces formic acid and acetic acid both of
which are good disinfectants. Use of formic acid for preservation of fruits and that
of acetic acid in preserving vinegar is a common practice.
The antiseptic and antibiotic effects of fumes of
Yagna
have also been examined
by conducting suitable experiments on rabbits and mice and it has been
established that fumes emitted in Yagna are powerful antibiotic.
Agnihotra ash purifies and cleanses the water making it fit for drinking
3.3. Removal of insects:
There are non-bacterial parasites like flies, ringworm, dice, fleas etc., which are
immune to bactericides, which are also harmful to other living beings.
Such insects which are generally immune to ordinary reagents. However they
either get killed or are driven away, when they come in contact with the fumes of
volatile oils like camphor diffused in the environment.
3.4. Effects on Plants and Vegetation:
The disinfection of air is not only useful to animal life but also helps plant’s life
though the bacteria responsible for diseases in both may be different. The
aromatic substances during Yagna get diffused in the air and offer protection to
plant life against harmful organisms. This ensures healthy plant growth.
Agnihotra’s atmosphere and ash can be used as adjutants in the ‘Natural
farming’ methods — also known as the Agnihotra farming methods. It is a
holistic concept of growing plants in healthy atmosphere and maintaining
ecological balance by performingAgnihotra(Yagna) in the middle of the farm
and using theYagna – ash as a fertilizer. It is not only safe and productive but also
holistic in its approach towards environment.
3.5. Role of CO2 generated in Yagna:
Consignment of the wood and other organic maters to flames has been always
controversial because of generation of CO and CO 2 and increase
in consequent ‘green house’ effect. It had been argued that performance of
Yagna also produces CO and CO2. It should be noted here that the way in which theSamidhas and Havishyaare burnt in. Yagna is a process of slow combustion at higher
temperature. While the burning of coal in factories or in the household fire
involves rapid combustion. where oxygen is sucked in large quantities and
enormous CO2 is emitted. In the slow combustion taking place in the process of
Yagna, small quantity of O2is utilized meager CO2 is emitted that poses no threat
to the environment. In fact whatever CO2 is generated it is readily absorbed by the
surrounding vegetation and CO 2 cycle is strengthened [4].
The other important aspect is the fact that CO 2produced in
Yagna is not alwaysfree CO 2 but it remains mixed with other aromatic oils and antiseptic products. It therefore, acts as a vehicle in transporting such products to distant surroundings.
The use of CO 2 as a cerebral stimulant to assist the patients suffering from lack of
ventilation is common in medical world. Its use to control and cure many mental
disorders is also known to medical science. Small amounts of CO 2 inhaled by the
persons performing Yagna acts as a stimulant and more and more aromatic
fumes are inhaled which help in curing mental disorders.
Particularly effective results with respect to the elimination or reduction in
radiation were achieved through Yagna fire and ash. These observations are
made by Dr. L. Maela Anatoninhowska of Poland after using P.S.I. techniques.
Results of Some Recent Experiments:
A group of scientists led by Dr. Manoj Garg, Director, Environmental and
Technical Consultants and the Uttar Pradesh pollution control board conducted
experiments during the Ashwamedha Yagna at Gorakhpur, U.P. These
experiments were set up at about 20 meters east from the
Yagnashala. The samples of 100 ml each of water and air collected from the surroundings were analyzed using high volume envirotech APM-45 and other sensitive instruments.
A summary of their results ( [1] – Akhand Jyoti, Sept. ‘97 p.22) is presented below:
In Air Samples (unit mg per average sample)
Instant Level of Sulphur dioxide Level of Nitrous Oxide Before Yagna 3.36 1.16
During Yagna2.82 1.14 After Yagna 0.80 1.02
Bacteria Count in Average Water Samples
Before Yagna 4500
During Yagna 2470
After Yagna 1250
Minerals in the Ash (Bhasm) of Yagna
Phosphorous 4076 mg per kg. Potassium 3407 mg per kg. Calcium 7822 mg per kg.
Magnesium 6424 mg per kg. Nitrogen 32 mg per kg. Quispar 2% W/W
These results clearly support the claims made about the role of
Yagna in control
of air pollution. The Deputy Director, Agriculture had submitted a technical
report based on such results, recommending the use ofYagna’s ash as an
effective fertilizer.
Comparable results were also obtained by the scientific experiments conducted in
about 27 large scale Yagnasorganized by Shantikunj, Hardwar in India and
Hinduism prescribes elaborate rituals for the dead beginning from the day of burning the body till the 13th day when Subhasweekara or Auspiciousness in invited back Home.
These rituals are based on the belief that the Departed souls take rebirth and the Preta Sareera hovers around till the 12th Day.when the dead are respectfully moved to the ancestors, Pitrus.
It is the belief of the Hindus that one born to enjoy the fruits of actions one performs/ed; if Righteous deeds had been performed one enjoys happiness and sails through Life easily while Non Righteous acts bring in Unhappiness and misery when one lives.
In both the cases , the effects of the actions performed by one gets wiped out as one undergoes the experiences of Life.
In Hinduism the wages of Sin is Birth unlike Christianity and other Religions where the wages of Sin is death.
When one dies, the inert body , Sava is consigned to flames.
One becomes Sava when Consciousness leaves permanently, The Consciousness being an attribute of the Soul.
However the Sukshma Sareera, the body which one does not perceive, which surrounds one’s physical frame, remains.
The Physical frame made of he essence of food, Anna rasa dies.
But the Sukshma Sareera , which is the result of the actions one performs remain .
This sareera is like dust accumulated when action is performed.
This sukshma Sareera takes rebirth depending on the Nature of actions, Karma performed by the individual.
The Soul never dies.
Death Rites Hindusim,
The Sukshma Sareera enters into human wombs, they are reported to be 83 Million different types of Female genital parts( Yoni Beda), according to Hinduism.
The Womb chosen at rebirth is determined in accordance with the actions performed.
So till such time, that is the Twelfth-day from the date of death, the preta Sareeera lingers , hovers around the place of Death and around the Home.
This Preta once it is released after the twelfth day is reborn;in such cases where no karmas or the dead performed rebirth still takes place;in this case the Reborn, in the new Life will have unexplained issues facing its new Life.
This is Pitru Dosha.
Another kind of Pitru Dosha is one that accrues when one does not perform the Rites for the departed.
This results in Pitru Saapa.
The Suksma Sreera, once it leaves the Pysical frame is called Preta and this during life has been nurtured by the essence of Food.
This has been enjoyed by it through the Physical frame.
Now that one is dead, the Preta sarera can not get Food for nurturing.
As it is yet to be released, till the Twelfth day(Sapindi Karana), it suffers.
To nurture it, the Tharpana is performed with sesame Seeds and water,the former substituting food, as sesame seeds, according to Hinduism, was the first to be created as Food, Water to quench Thirst.
It is also considered necessary to indicate the Preta that it would no longer get Food or water as it lacks the physical Frame.
As the Preta is finally elevated to the level of Pitrus on the Twelfth day,prior indication is given on the tenth day by way of offering huge quantities of food, without salt to wean away the Preta from food as it is believed that it would get disgusted with the huge quantity of food offered and that too with out Salt.
During the next two days , the preta is paid respects by a Brahmin in the ceremonies.
On the 12th day Sabindi karana is performed and the preta leaves.
On the thirteenth day Gruha yagna or Subha sweeakara is performed.
The areas around Tambaram, especially the stretch from Nemilicherry, Nanmangalam , and the route from nanmangalam is declared as archeological area.
I investigated this.
This is the information.
Tambaram,now a bustling suburb of Chennai was a settlement of Stone Age People.
Implement of the Stone Age and Iron Age have been found here for a radius of 10km from Old Tambaram.
A 13th Century inscription of Rajaraja Chola and his son Rajendra Chola have been found(1000 AD).
Stone Age Hand Axe, Tambram, Chennai
The area then was called Thondai Nadu.
Aathondai ,Capporis zeylanicaFlowers Used by the Pallava Kings.
Tambaram is referred to as Taamapuram.
It’s still earlier name was Gunaseelpuram
Kunrathur near Tambaram is the birthplace of Sekkizhar who compiled the 63 Nayanmars ‘(Devotees of Shiva) lives, calling the work as Periyapuranam.
This was first inaugurated during the reign of Rajaraja Chola.
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. One of the famous battles of Pallava history was fought in this region. The later Cholas, the Pandias and the Vijayanagar kings also ruled this region. Even the flowers in the jungle are connected with our history. During February and March the beautiful pink and white flowers of the aathondai or thondai creepers (Capparis zeylanica)1 adorn the campus. The region of thondai nadu comprising mainly Madras and Chinglepet districts derives its name from this flower from which garlands of the famous Pallava kings were made.
About 200,000 years ago people of the Old Stone Age (Lower Paleolithic Culture) roamed about Tambaram. They fashioned rough stone implements out of quartzite and used them for hunting and skinning wild animals. These implements or artifacts are called ‘ the hand axes of Madras industry.’ . The primitive men did not know the use of wooden handles for their stone axe-heads but used their hands instead. The first hand axe was picked up at Pallavaram over a century ago, and within the campus, several artifacts have been picked up by students4 and members of staff .
Around 300 B.C., there were people of the Iron Age living in Tambaram area and they built their burial monuments in the form of dolmens and stone circles which are called Megaliths5 (big stones). Fine examples of such Megalithic Monuments can be seen about 100 metres east of the Great Southern Trunk Road near Guduvancheri railway station.
Tambaram region must have been a flourishing country during the later Chola period which lasted for about 250 years after 1000 A.D. Tamil inscriptions of the Cholas are found in Manimangalam, Tiruneermalai, Tirusoolam and Kunrathoor. At Kunrathoor, the birth-place of Sekkilar, one Kaasyappa was the local doctor (Vaidya) 8 and some lands were set apart for his services. Inscriptions at Tiruneermalai refer to certain merchants from Pammal showing that this village near Pallavaram existed even then. Inscriptions at Manimangalam of Rajadhiraja I (1018-1054) give us details of a war with Ceylonese kings. Rajadhiraja defeated one Veerasalaamaygan of Ceylon, carried away his wife and sister and cut off the nose of his mother. This sort of barbaric behaviour seems to have been very common in those days even though the kings were supposed to follow Manu’s Dharma Sastra. Stories of such mutilations and abductions have been handed down to us in epics like the Ramayana. The inscriptions of Kulothunga I (1070-1120), the hero of Kalingathu parani, are found at Tirusoolam near Pallavaram and of the inscriptions of Kulothunga III there are several in this area.
At Pammal, on the basement of a ruined Siva temple, two Chola inscriptions not heretofore noticed were copied by the students. One is dated in the reign of Tribhuvanachakravarti Sri Rajarajadeva, and the other, in the reign of Virarajendra.
The inscription of the time of Rajaraja (III) is incomplete. It refers to an endowment for burning a lamp at a temple at Pammal. The inscription mentions that the village of Pammal belonged to Surathurnadu. It may be interesting to note that Surathurnadu was a territorial division probably named after Tiruchuram. Tiruchuram happens to be the old name of the apsidal Chola temple near Pallavaram, which is now called Tirusulam.
The second inscription at Pammal is dated in the 35th year of the reign of Virarajendra Chola. If Virarajendra is Rajendra III, the king who succeeded Rajaraja III, then this is probably the latest reported inscription of the reign of Rajendra III.
The inscription is complete and refers to an endowment of land by Panchanadhivaanan Nilakangarayan and to its exemption from taxes. The endowment is made to the temple of Azhaga Perumal by the Sri Vaishnavas.
Of special interest was the fact that this inscription refers to Tambaram, which is also called Gunaseelanallur. Tambaram is referred to here as Taampuram.
A a newly discovered Chola inscription on the basement of the Ahatisvara temple in Perungalatur gives the old name of the village as Perunkulatur, that is, the village of the big tank.
Pandya inscriptions are found at Kunrathoor, Tirusoolam and Tiruneermalai. Temple building activity which started during the Chola period continued during the Vijayanagar period in this area and inscriptions of the Vijayanagar kings of the 14th to the 17th centuries are found here. This brings us to the modern period.
This find will be one of the references for my theory that the Sanatana Dharma was in Dravida desa , if not originated from it.
References.
1.S. Gamble, Flora of the Presidency of Madras (Calcutta, 1957), p. 33.
2 Nandikkalambakam (Tamil), (Madras, 1961), p. 66.
3 V. D. Krishnaswami, ‘ Stone Age India ‘, Ancient India (1947).
4 The largest hand axe was picked up by Mitran Devanesen when he was a student here in the Pre-University class.
5 N. R. Banerjee, ‘ Megalithic problem of Chinglepet district in the light of the recent exploration’, Ancient India, (1956), pp. 22-32.
6 V. Rangacharya, Inscriptions of the Madras Presidency, Vol. i (Madras, 1919), p. 411.
7 E. Hultzsch, South Indian Inscriptions, Vol. I (Madras, 1890), p. 152.
8 K. V. Raman, The Early History of the Madras Region (Madras,1957), p. 184.
9 E. Hultzsch, South Indian Inscriptions, Vol. 3, Part I (Madras, 1899), p. 53.
10 Annual Report of Epigraphy (1932-33), p. 75.
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