(As when you write on Subjects, .present research papers where you need authenticity.
You then have open sources like wiki.)
If one is commenting on an issue,one has to quote the source.
While quoting ‘portions of the news,Story has to be posted in the post one is writing.
What is Plagiarism in a Blog?
In general quoting some one else’s post/information word for word ,quotes without permission,or quoting information provided by others as one’s own with slight modifications.is generally classified as Plagiarism.
If one were to post entirely on one’s own, the post may not be interesting without references, , in the case of information, there will be lack of authenticity.
Does it not amount to using others whole posts under one Link?
There is no answer to this query.
There are soft-wares to check Plagiarism.
Copyscape is one good site, where one gets to know how the material of similar nature is in the web and it calculates and lets you know what percentage of words are in common.
And there is also the point of Google penalizing your site for Plagiarism and thee are chances of Google Page ranker passing over your site.
You may find more information on Plagiarism, Penalty for Plagiarism at
However, it is safe to cite sources and mark it clearly in the Posts.
It would be good if the source is marked as ‘Source’ in the Post with a Link of the relevant material quoted.
This applies to images as well.
Quote as .image from or image source the link of the web page from where you are using,
In some case you may get permission from the Authors to use them in your posts.
How many words or what percentage one may use from sources?
It is very delicate and depends on the nature of the Post, the word count of your Post.
It is safe to quote with source maximum 200 words in a Post of 800 words or roughly 25 % at the most.
So it is better to be original and wherever we feel necessary we may use other posts, material with citations, like marked as Source, with words from the source not exceeding 200 words in a Post of 800 words.
Lesser than this is ideal and this depends on your judgement.
In this sentence, ‘RAMA’ refers to a Name. ‘KING’ refers to a position occupied by an individual, ‘a’ refers to a single man, ‘was’ indicates time. Even though there are many words, each one of them performs a particular work. Put together, they enable the sentence to give us a proper meaning. All these words form part of a sentence. These parts together make a sentence. The words that perform different functions are grouped together under different headings. Each group performs a particular duty. These classifications are called parts of speech.
‘Words are grouped based on their duties or use into different classes. They are called ‘Parts of Speech.
When we say king, it includes (a) Object which we can see / hear / touch / smell and
(b) things we can think of but, cannot perceive by our senses e.g; (goodness, Beauty).
2. PRO-NOUN. PRONOUN is a word that stands in the place of a NOUN. ‘PRO’ means ‘FOR’. Therefore, a word that stands in the place of a noun is called a PRONOUN.
RAMA IS WORSHIPPED because he was righteous.
If we look carefully, this sentence is actually made up of
three thoughts. RAMA IS WORSHIPPED. RAMA
WAS RIGHTEOUS.
Therefore, RAMA IS WORSHIPPED.
If we speak or write as above, it will look odd. Hence, we combine these thoughts to form a sentence, namely;
‘RAMA is worshipped because he was righteous. The word ‘HE’ refers to RAMA. Instead of saying or writing ‘RAMA’ repeatedly, we say or write ‘he’. ‘HE’ here stands for ‘RAMA’ which is a NOUN. Hence, ‘He’ stands for (PRO) – NOUN. RAMA, is called a PRONOUN.
3. ‘RAMA WAS A NOBLE KING’.
In this sentence, Rama and king are NOUNS. We know RAMA is the name of a person. King is a position occupied by him. Let us now see the meaning ‘RAMA WAS A NOBLE KING’. In this, we get to know an additional quality of Rama. i.e. in addition to being a man, we understand that he was also a noble in king. The noun ‘KING’ gets additional meaning. That is to say, the word ‘NOBLE’ adds meaning to KING. The word ‘NOBLE’ is called adjective, because it adds more meaning to the Noun.
‘An ADJECTIVE is a word that adds more meaning to the NOUN.
Example: India is a great country
He is a good student
GANGES is a holy river.
4. VERB – VERB is a word that indicates ACTION or
STATUS.
When we form a sentence, we have to speak or write about an action or status. E.g.; I write. Beneath the other GOLD IS COSTLIER THAN SILVER.
In the first sentence, we are describing an action – ‘Write’.
In the second sentence, we indicate the status or position of gold – ‘is’.
5. ADVERB is a word that adds meaning to a verb.
He ran quickly.
We understand when we say ‘he ran’ that he is running. We do not know anything more than that. That is whether he is running quickly or slowly. But, when we say ‘quickly’ – we understand that he runs fast. In other words, we add more meaning to ‘run’.
e.g.; Sun rise is very beautiful.
One should behave properly in a public place
6. Preposition is a word that expresses the relation, how the Noun / Pronoun or Person or thing denoted by Noun / Pronoun is related to something else. Here in, of, under informs us of the relation between Nouns / Pronouns and the object.
This is to the appear below,
e.g; My house is in T.Nagar
I am fond of my mother
It is very hot under the sun
7. Conjunction is a word that joins sentences.
Rama and Seetha are husband and wife.
8. Interjection is a word that expresses sudden and strong feeling.
The group of words ‘my house’ gives us meaning. But, it does not give us the complete meaning. This group of words when joined with other words – ‘He came to’ – gives wholesome meaning’.
A group of words that gives meaning but not complete meaning is called ‘PHRASE’. Example: Twenty Twenty Cricket is a great form of entertainment. Here, great form of entertainment is the ‘Phrase’.
I am unable to understand the difficult subject of Maths. – Here, difficult subject of Maths is the ‘Phrase’.
I can get a chain of gold. Here, the sentence means, ‘I can get a chain which is made of gold’. ‘A chain of gold’ sounds like a phrase.
There is a difference. That is, when you expand the sentence – it reads ‘I can get a chain which is made of gold’. To explain further, let us break the sentence like this ‘I can get a chain.
It is made of gold. When we join these two sentences, it becomes – I can get a chain and it is made of gold. To take it further, it becomes, ‘I can get a chain of gold’. The last sentence is crisp and conveys thought force fully. (The meaning as explained earlier is ‘ I can get a chain which is made of gold)
The underlined words constitute ‘CLAUSE’. It has a Subject (which) and Predicate (chain of gold).
A group of words which is a part of a sentence and contains a subject and predicate is called a ‘CLAUSE’.
PHRASE CLAUSE
1. Part of a sentence. 1. Part of a sentence.
2.Conveys partial meaning of the Sentence 2. Conveys partial meaning of The Sentence
3.Contains No Subject and Predicate . 3.Contains Subject and Predicate
If we say, ‘I want to go to Bangalore’, your friend will either keep quiet or laugh, because, he would not know what you want. Therefore, we need to ask questions as well, when we need something.
If we are hungry, we go to a hotel and we ask the bearer ‘what is available; then he tells us as what is available.
I have tried to explain things in a simple Language to suit all.
Examples and Exercises are given from Indian background to make one familiar with Indian Culture and history.
Comments and corrections are welcome.
All of us think we want others to know what we think or feel.
Similarly, we would like to know what others think or feel. This is possible only when what the say to each other has a common meaning for all of us. That is to say, if somebody says ‘tree’ both of us should have the same idea or vision of tree, only then, we can understand each other.
Man over a period of hundreds of years found out a method.
All of us make noises / sound.
Suppose, we can ascribe or give meaning to sounds and make it common or Universal to all of us, we can know/understand
each other better.
This is how languages were born.
Different sounds can be made. Sounds can be made / Generated from mouth, throat and stomach. These sounds are grouped into different categories. The combinations of these sounds make a word. They give complete meaning
Even prior to formulation of words, we have to identify each sound. Sounds are classified as Consonants and Vowels. The Science of sound relating to language is called Phonetics. In this, we come to know how to pronounce each letter; thereafter each word and then sentence. By knowing Phonetics, we can talk to each other/converse with each other when we are together.
Suppose, we want to say something to somebody, who is not before us, what we speak cannot be heard by them.
So, we have given each sound a shape. Different sounds have different shapes. Each sound and each shape has been given a common meaning. These shapes have been given the name ‘ALPHABETS’. ALPHABETS are the fundamental units of a written language. In the West, Greek letters started from ALPHA, BETA ….OMEGA.
It is customary to call the letters of a Language ,the fundamental unit of written language, to call ALPHABETS.
All sounds may not be written. Those that have only sound and no separate figures to identify sounds (these are called scripts) are called Dialects. That is, Language minus script is DIALECT. They have sounds. They have no separate scripts.
Konkani is a Dialect.
Then how do they write?
Those in Karnataka write the sounds in Kannada and those in Goa or Maharashtra write in Marathi.
Script and Sound make up a Language. That is, those that have both phonetics and scripts of their own, are called languages.
Sounds plus figures representing sounds (ALPHABETS), make a language. (ENGLISH, TAMIL, TELUGU, HINDI, SPANISH, FRENCH etc.) The science that deals with language in all its aspects including script is called ‘Linguistics’.
We have seen we can make sounds and we have given each sound an Alphabet, each alphabet representing a different sound, a, b, z etc. Now, we have to combine the sounds, that is the alphabets, to convey meaning.
We have therefore, combined the different sounds / alphabets to give us a particular meaning known by us all. This is how words are formed.
WORD is a group of letters (Alphabets) that give us meaning. (Tree, Sun, Table, Father).
Group of letters that does not give us meaning is called (NON SENSE (makes no meaning to senses). Eg: az, cl, dfg, gko etc.
Therefore,
a) The Science that deals with the sound in relation to language is called
b) The figurative representation of Phonetics or sound is scripts
(‘A’, ‘B’’).
c) Those that have both sounds and scripts of their own, are called languages.
d) Those that have only sound and no separate script on their own, are called DIALECTS.
e) A group of letters or alphabets that gives meaning is called a word.
Language is a means of letting others know what we feel or think.
It helps us to communicate.
Language is a means of communication.
There are many languages and Dialects in the World.
The languages in the world are grouped into various categories. based on their origin, commonality and ethnicity (i.e. belonging to a particular race). The following are the major groups of languages:
a) Dravidian (Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam).
b) Aryan (Sanskrit, Latin, Greek, English, French, Spanish, Persian, Russian)
c) Indo Aryan ( Hindi, Urdu, Arabic etc.)
d) Others (Chinese, Japanese)
ENGLISH belongs to Aryan group of languages.
England up to sixth century AD from third century BC was ruled by the Romans.
Prior to 3 century AD, they were speaking a language. It was only a Dialect. That was a mixture of a local (Anglo) dialect and Saxon and the dialect of invading Vikings. Then, the language that we know today as ENGLISH was born. When compared to other languages like Sanskrit, Tamil and Chinese which are approximately over 5000 years old, English is relatively young. English is known as the language of Commerce, French, language of Philosophy and Latin as language of Religion.
English has a vast treasure of literature, Shakespeare, Chaucer, Shelly, Keats, Byron, Wordsworth, Milton among poets and drama tests, Locke, Berkeley and Hume among Philosophers, Bacon, Macaulay, John Stuart Mill among essayists, Dickens, Walter Scott, R L Stevens are among story writers. English has become popular because it is flexible. It absorbs words from other languages. For instance, Palanquin is from Tamil, Coolie from Hindi. Many words in English are of Latin, Greek and French origin.
As English is accepted as a common language throughout the world, it is essential that we master the language, both in spoken and written forms. How do we command the language? By understanding phone tics, we can do well in pronunciation, by understanding grammar, we can speak correctly and will convey our thoughts clearly.
We have already seen that words have been given a common meaning to enable us to understand clearly without any confusion. How do we form a sentence? How do we form the words to give complete meaning so that those who hear or read do not mistake for what we have spoken or written. For ex. DELHI CHENNAI NORTH. Now a man who does not know the exact location of Delhi and Madras will get confused.
Is Delhi North of Chennai? or Chennai North of Delhi? But, when we say or write, Delhi is North of Chennai, we understand clearly, How?
In the above sentence, apart from the three words we have seen earlier, we have two words in addition, they are ‘is’ and ‘or’.
Because of these two words we have added we are able to understand the meaning clearly. Not only that, note carefully and observe how each of the words DELHI, NORTH and Chennai are placed. DELHI comes first followed by ‘is’ and then NORTH OF CHENNAI. If any of these words are interchanged (changing place), the meaning will not be clear.
Therefore, we have formed a set of common rules for everybody to follow while speaking or writing a language. This is to make communication clear and unambiguous (without doubt).
These rules are explained in Grammar. Grammar is that portion of the language, that sets down the rules to be followed by everyone while speaking or writing a language.
The purpose of grammar is to make communication clear and ensure that there is no confusion while understanding the language. ENGLISH GRAMMAR contrary to what,many think, is very easy when you compare it with Sanskrit, Tamil, French or Latin.
English Grammar is broadly divided into two parts.
(1) Those that deal with words and (2) Those that deal with sentences
Under (1) will be subject, Predicate and parts of speech, under (2) shall be analysing sentences, simple, compound, complex, phrases, and clauses. Transformation of sentences, synthesis of sentences,sequence of tenses, Direct and Indirect speech. Later, we shall see Structures, Paragraph writing, Précis writing, Letter writing, Story writing, Poems writing, Idioms etc.
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