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Tag: Languages of India

  • Three Hundred Twenty Five Recognised Languages India

    India, we all know, is a land of diversity.

    Look at the number of languages.

    It is curiousthat we have taken English and French into our fold!

     

    Agaria,

    Ahirani,

    Aimol,

    Aiton,

    Anal,

    Andamanese,

    Some Languages of India, Scripts.jpg Some Languages of India, Scripts.

    Angani,

    Angika,

    Ao,

    Apatani,

    Arabic,

    Armenian,

    Ashing,

    Assamese,

    Asuri,

    Awadhi,

    Badaga,

    Baghelkhandi,

    Bagri,

    Baigani,

    Bajania,

    Balti,

    Bangni,

    Banjari,

    Basturia,

    Bauria,

    Bawm,

    Boli,

    Bengali,

    Bhanja- bhumia,

    Bantu,

    Bharmauri,

    Bhairi,

    Bhili,

    Bhojpuri,

    Bhotia,

    Bhuiya,

    Bhumij,

    Bhunjia,

    Biate,

    Bilaspuri,

    Birhor,

    Birjia,

    Bishnupriya,

    Bodo,

    Bokar,

    Bondo,

    bori,

    Braj Bhasha,

    Brijlal,

    Bugun,

    Bundelkhandi,

    Burmese,

    Bushari,

    Chakhesang,

    Chakma,

    Chambilai,

    Chameali,

    Chang,

    Changpa,

    Chattisgarhi,

    Chikari,

    Chinali,

    Chiru,

    Chote,

    Churasi,

    Dalu,

    Deori,

    Dhanki,

    Dhimal,

    Dhodia,

    Dhundhari,

    Didayi,

    Dimasa,

    Dingal,

    Dogri,

    Dommari,

    Droskhat/Dokpa,

    Duhlian-Twang,

    English, French, Gadaba, Gadiali, Gallong, Gameti, Gamit, Gangte, Garasia, Garhwali, Garo, Giarahi, Gondi, Gujarati, Gujjari, Gurung, Gutob, Hajong, Halam, Halbi, Harauti, Haryanavi, Hebrew, Himachali, Hindi, Hinduri, Hindusthani, Hmar, Ho, Hrusso, Hualngo,Irula, Jabalpuri, Jangali, Jarawa, Jaunsari, Juang, Kabui, Kachanga, Kachari, Kachchi, Kadar, Kagati, Kakbarak, Kanashi, Kangri, Kannada, Karbi, Karen, Karko, Kashmiri, Kathiawari, Khadiboli, Khaka, Khamba, Khampa, Khampti, Khampti-shan, Kharia, Khasi, Khaskura, Khatri, Kherwari, Khiangan, Khorusti, Khotta, Kinnauri, Kiradi, Kisan, Koch, Kodagu, Koi, Koireng, Kokni, Kolami, Kom, Komkar, Konda, Konicha, Konkani, Konyak, Koracha, Koraga, Korava, Korku, Korwa, Kota, Kotwalia, Kudmali, Kui, Kuki, Kulvi, Kumaoni, Kunbi, Kurukh, Kuvi, Ladakhi, Lahauli, Laihawlh, Lakher (Mara), Lalung,Lambani, Lamgang, Laotian, Laria, Lepcha, Limbu, Lisu, Lodha, Lotha, Lushai, Mag, Magahi, Magarkura, Mahal, Maithili, Majhi, Makrani, Malankudi, Malayalam, Malhar, Malto, Malvi, Manchat, Mandiali, Mangari, Mao, Maram, Marathi, Maria, Maring, Marwari, Mavchi, Meitei, Memba, Mewari, Mewati, Milang, Minyong, Miri, Mishing, Mishmi, Mizo, Monpa, Monsang, Moyon, Muduga, Multani, Mundari, Na, Nagari, Nagpuri, Naikadi, Naiki, Nati, Nepali, Nicobarese, Nimari, Nishi, Nocte, Odki, Onge, Oriya, Padam, Pahari, Paharia, Palilibo, Paite, Panchpargania, Pang, Pangi, Pangwali, Parimu, Parji, Paschima, Pasi, Pashto, Pawri, Pengo, Persian, Phom, Pochury, Punchi, Punjabi, Rai (Raikhura), Rajasthani, Ralte, Ramo, Rathi, Rengma, Riang, Sadri, Sajalong, Sambalpuri, Sangtam, Sansi, Santali, Sadra, Saraji, Sarhodi, Saurashtri, Sema, Sentinelese, Shekhawati, Sherdukpen, Sherpa, Shimong, Shina, Shompen, Sikligar, Sindhi, Singpo, Siraji, Sirmauri, Soliga, Sulung, Surajpuri,Tagin, Tai, Tamang, Tamil,Tangam, Tangkhul, Tangsa, Tataotrong, Telugu, Thado, Thar, Tharu, Tibetan, Toda, Toto, Tulu, Urdu, Vaiphei, Varli, Wagri, Wancho, Yereva, Yerukula, Yimchungre, Zakring (Meyer), Zeliang, Zemi, Zou.

    The following information is derived from DM Silveira‘s INDIA BOOK 1994-95, page 61, ISBN 81-900218-2-6 published by Classic Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Goa, India.

    The original author of this was Mr. Gurnek Singh

    http://www.sanyal.com/india/indlang.html

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  • Sanskrit Latin Tamil Which is Older

    Sanskrit and Latin are considered to be the ancient languages of the world.

    Sanskrit,

    Sanskrtit Language.Image.svg.png
    Sanskrtit Language. “The word संस्कृतम् (Sanskrit) in Sanskrit” by OldakQuill – Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons – http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_word_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_(Sanskrit)_in_Sanskrit.svg#mediaviewer/File:The_word_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_(Sanskrit)_in_Sanskrit.svg

    is considered to be the liturgical language of India,the language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism,and the mother of  Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-European lanuage group.

    With Thirty Million  Manuscripts existing even today,Sanskrit is the oldest Language of the world and the Rig Veda which is in Sanskrit is the oldest literature of the world.

    There is a view that the Hitti Language is older than Sanskrit.

    Not so.

    I shall be posting on this  an article(‘ https://ramanisblog.in/2015/02/04/thirty-million-manuscripts-700-poetic-meters-amazing-sanskrit/)

     

    ‘

    The Sanskrit language, whatever be its antiquity, is of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either, yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs and in the forms of grammar, than could possibly have been produced by accident; so strong indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three without believing them to have sprung from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists.’ william Jones.

    Number Sanskrit Latin Greek
    1 éka unus mono-
    2 dvá duo di-
    3 trí tres tri-
    4 catúr quattuor tetra-
    5 páñca quinque
    6 sás sex hexa-
    7 saptá septem hepta-
    8 astá octo octa-
    9 náva novem ennea-
    10 dása decem deca-

     

     

    Western scholars date it to 2nd millennium BCE (for Rig-vedic)

    ( there are primary classifications,Vedic and Post Vedic.

    Latin.

    Inscription for 5th century Roman Consul Decius Marius Venantius Basilius in the Colosseum in Rome. CIL VI 1716 c, VI 32094 c .Image.jpg
    Inscription for 5th century Roman Consul Decius Marius Venantius Basilius in the Colosseum in Rome. CIL VI 1716 c, VI 32094 c “Rome Colosseum inscription 2” by Wknight94 – Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons – http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rome_Colosseum_inscription_2.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Rome_Colosseum_inscription_2.jpg

    Old Latin, also known as Early Latin and Archaic Latin, refers to the Latin language in the period before 75 BC, i.e. before the age of Classical Latin.[2] In New and Contemporary Latin, it is called prisca Latinitas (“ancient Latin”) rather than vetus Latina (“old Latin”) as the latter is used to refer to a set of Biblical texts.(wiki)

    But Sanskrit was used during the period of Ramayana and the language was in use much earlier as the Vedas were learnt during Ramayana.

    Hence it should predate Ramayana at least by 2000 yeas to attain the level of  maturity.

    And the Rig veda is dated to 5000 BC and it recorded as the oldest literature of Humans.

    Now Rama date is 5114 BC.

    ”

    Luv and Kush grew in his ashram as his disciples. We need to be proud of the fact that Valmiki was perhaps the first great astronomer and that his study of planetary configurations has stood the test of times. Even the latest computer softwares have corroborated his astronomical calculations, which proves that he did not commit any error.

     

    Shabri is stated to be belonging to the Bhil tribe. Shri Rams’ army, which succeeded in defeating Ravana, was formed by various tribes from Central and South India.

     

    Taking into account these details the Birth date of Lord Rama  is January 10 in the year 5114 BC.

    (Ramayana Lord Rama’s Exile Date  and other details .

    (https://ramanisblog.in/2012/04/05/ramayana-lord-ramas-exile-date-and-other-details/)

    Hence Sanskrit dates to at least 7000 BC.

    Therefore Sanskrit is older than Latin.

    Wait, there is some more information.

    Tamil.

    The word Tamil in Tamil Languagesvg.png
    The word “Tamil” in Tamil language. “Word Tamil” by AntanO – Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons – http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Word_Tamil.svg#mediaviewer/File:Word_Tamil.svg

    Tamil /ˈtæmɪl/[10] (தமிழ், tamiḻ, [t̪ɐmɨɻ] ?) also spelt Tamizh is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people ofTamil Nadu and Sri Lanka. It has official status in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu,[11] Puducherry and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Tamil is also an official and national language of Sri Lanka[12] and one of the official languages of Singapore.[13] It is legalised as one of the languages of medium of education in Malaysia along with English, Malay and Mandarin.[14][15] It is also chiefly spoken in the states of Kerala, Puducherry and Andaman and Nicobar Islands as a secondary language and by minorities in Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and was the first Indian language to be declared a classical language by the Government of India in 2004. Tamil is also spoken by significant minorities inMalaysia, England, Mauritius, Canada,[16] South Africa,[17] Fiji,[18] Germany,[19] Philippines, United States, Netherlands,Indonesia,[20] Réunion and France as well as emigrant communities around the world.

    Tamil is one of the longest surviving classical languages in the world.[21][22] 2,200-year-old Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions have been found on Samanamalai It has been described as “the only language of contemporary India which is recognizably continuous with a classical past.

    The fact that Tamil Kings were mentioned in the Ramayana and Mahabharata would enable one to date tamil around, again 7000 BC, at a conservative estimate.

    ”

    The archaeological finds from Attirappakkam northeast of Chennai evidences the existence of Tamils about a million years ago!

    “The prehistoric period during which Lower Paleolithic settlements existed in the Tamil Nadu region has been estimated to span the period from about 1,510,000 BCE[1] until around 3000 BCE.[2] For most part of the lower Paleolithic stage, humans lived close to river valleys with sparse forest cover or in grassland environments. The population density was very low and so far only two localities of this lower Palaeolithic culture have been found insouth India. One of these is in Attirampakkam valley in the northwest of Chennai in Tamil Nadu.[3] Archaeological research has uncovered evidence of fossil remains of animals and primitive stone implements around the northern Tamil Nadu that could be dated to belong to around 3000,000 BCE.[citation needed]Humans inSouth India, belonging to the species of Homo erectus, lived in this primitive ‘old stone age’ (Palaeolithic) for quite a long time, using only crude implements such as hand axes and choppers and subsisting as hunter-gatherers“(wiki)

    The Tamil History based on this, Tamil Literature,Sanskrit Literature and Arikkamedu findings,Puducherry is between   15,000 BCE to 10,000 BCE.

    Such an old civilization quotes Sanskrit and Vedic Literature .

    But we are dating the Vedas around 5000 BC.

    If the Sangam period , Muthal Sangam, at 500 BC is true, how is it that the Purana, which are earlier by at least by 4000 years, quote Tamils, Tamil Kings?

    ( https://ramanisblog.in/2013/12/27/million-year-old-tamil-quotes-vedas-they-quote-tamil/)

    People who call themselves scholars conveniently overlook these facts in assigning dates to Tamil and Sanskrit.

    It would be fair to state, based on the available evidence that,

    Sanskrit and Tamil date earlier to Latin and

    as to the question “Which one is earlier, Tamil or Sanskrit?’,

    I am unable to establish on the basis of available evidence as each language quotes the other.

    One might state that , as of now, that Sanskrit and Tamil are the oldest languages of Humans .

    References.

    http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/sanskrit.htm

     

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit

     

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Latin

     

    http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/286368/Indo-European-languages/74551/Sanskrit-studies-and-their-impact

     

     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language

  • Sanskrit Not Hindu Language Nor Rig Veda

    Not content with dividing India on the basis of Aryan Invasion theory, there is an attempt by the West to denigrate and destroy The Hindu Identity by destroying its roots, Sanskrit and The Vedas.

    Sanskrit
    Sanskrit, the soul of India.

    Macaulay made his intentions clear in his address to the British Parliament, when he observed that it is the Hindu Culture, Religion and Sanskrit were the impediments to the advancement of Britain’s interests in India.

    So the Britishers floated the Theory of Aryan Invasion, encouraged linguistic tendencies and adopted a Policy  of Divide and Rule.

    They imposed English, simultaneously ensures that Indians lost respect for their Languages, Sanskrit and the local mother tongue.

    Contrary to what they expected the Hindus mastered English better, even better than the British and have advanced, thanks to the British.

    In the process Hindu cultural degradation started and is well on its way.

    Sanskrit losing its sheen in India, save by the Brahmin community, especially from Pune and the local Indian Languages giving way to way to English, rather more  to corrupted language like Hinglish,Gujliish,Tanglish.

    Now that the Aryan Invasion theory has been proved to be a Myth, the West has taken a new route.

    Attack from the Language front, Sanskrit.

    Prove that Sanskrit is not of Indian Origin.

    Trumpet that the Rig Veda is not a Hindu Scripture.

    This is how they go about.

    Watch the video.

    My rebuttal point by point follows.

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  • Telugu, Tamil Malayalam Not Spoken In North, Incorrect Study

    There was a news item that ten Indian Languages face extinction ,some being swallowed by the other Languages.

    But these are dialects that are in vogue in Karnataka.

    It is natural that a Dialect gets absorbed in a language over a period of time, if the Dialect does not attempt into evolving as a language.

    This is in the hands of the people who speak the Dialect.

    Unless people respect their mother tongue, even if it is a Dialect, the Dialect is bound to die.

    The same phenomenon is likely to happen for the Languages of india if they, in their mad  quest for aping English language and culture., right from asking children from age 3, to chant ‘Rain.Rain Go away’ in a Country where Rains are needed , or ‘Baba Black sheep,,,wool’, where the Sun scorches..

    ”

    According to the Census, Karnataka has 50 tribal languages, besides the speakers of 22 scheduled ones. In all, at least 72 languages are spoken in the state. The survey has examined and recorded 42 of the languages.

    Karnataka is one of the few states with a variety of tongues. For instance, Varli language speakers, settled in Bijapur and Belgaum, number just 165, while Chenchu speakers, settled in Gulbarga and Yadgir districts account for only 470. Dakkhani Urdu took birth in Karnataka after the Mughals shifted their capital from Delhi to Devagiri. Experts vouch for the influence of Dakkhani Urdu on Sufism.

    Linguists express concern that loss of a language is the loss of a knowledge system, life system and ecology. “All tribal languages are endangered. Due to the constraints, we couldn’t conduct field studies and record the status of all languages in the state. For instance, we have only recorded the grammatical structure of seven minority languages – Tulu, Kodava, Konkani, Dakkhani, Banjara, Sanketi and Beary. There are others like Tibetan,” said Prof HM Maheshwaraiah of Karnatak University, who is the editor of the volume on the languages of Karnataka” (times of India ,Aug 10, 2013)

    There was a Report in the Times of India dated 28 August, 2013, quoting the People’s lInguistic Society,listing Indian cities with most languages being spoken, least spoken, and more data on these lines.

    It lists Hindi as the most spoken language, followed by Telugu.

    Seems correct.

    The question arises where the report  lists the languages along with the States they are spoken in, where the Data seems to be incorrect.

    For Instance, Malayalam is shown as being spoken in Kerala, Tamilnadu;Kannada in Karnataka and Andhra:Tamil in Tamil Nadu. Puducherry,Andhra,Kerala.

    What about Malayalam?Tamil/Kannada/Telugu being spoken in the other cities?

    The report also lists that more languages are spoken in the North East.

    Do they mean Dialects.?

    For the survey have they collected data as ‘Mother Tongue’ or ‘the language spoken?’

    There is a wide difference between the two concepts,

    The study seems to suffer from a lot of inaccuracies.

    When they speak of Hindi, which Hindi are they speaking about?

    UP,Bihar,MP,Himachal Pradesh,Maharashtra,Hyderabad, Bangalore?

    Please read the reports at their site.

    Source:

    http://peopleslinguisticsurvey.org/news-and-events.aspx

    http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-10/bangalore/41266115_1_linguistic-survey-indian-languages-tribal-languages

  • Note on Telugu Personalities.

    Following is a note on a few of the Illustrious sons of Telugu .

    It makes a change to know great men of letters from another language.

    Will some one mail me a list of the Great sons and daughters of other Indian Languages?

    ”

    Abburi Varada Rajeswara Rao   (1923-1993):

    Prominent poet, critic and educator. On the editorial staff of several literary magazines. Taught for some time at Univ. Wisconsin, Madison.

     

    Ajjada Adibhatla Narayana Dasu (1864-1945):

    The foremost modern exponent of the literary and performing arts genre “harikatha.” Great musician and scholar of Telugu, Sanskrit and Persian. Principal of Maharaja Music College, Viziyanagaram.

     

    Tallapaka Annamacharya (1424?-1503):

    One of the greatest composers of South Indian classical tradition. World-class. Wrote more than 32000 compositions known as ‘padam’ as well as other major works. More than 14000 have been discovered to date on copper plate and stone inscriptions. He was the head of an astonishingly brilliant lineage. Seems to have influenced some other great composers of that time, e.g., Purandara Dasa.

     

    Arudra -Bhagavatula Siva Sankara Sastry i (1925-1998):

    Major modern poet, critic, movie lyricist and literary historian. His “tvamEvaahaM” and the encyclopedic work on Telugu literature “samagraaMdhra saahityaM” are very influential.


    Bapu -Sattiraju Lakshmi Narayana (1933-):

    Eminent painter, cartoonist, movie director, writer, journalist. World class artist. Uniquely personalized style blending to perfection the classical Telugu lines and modern techniques. Had an enormous impact on contemporary Telugu arts, movies, etc.

     

    Bhandaru Achchamamba(1874-1905):

    Writer and early pioneer of women’s issues. Published a well known biographical work on prominent national and international women, “abalaa satcaritra ratnamaala” (1901)

     

    Abburi Varada Rajeswara Rao (1923-1993) Prominent poet, critic and educator. On the editorial staff of several literary magazines.

     

    Chaganti Somayajulu (1915-1993):

    Eminent writer of short stories and poetry. Although he wrote sparingly, many of his short stories have been translated into other languages. His indirect contributions include his influence on his friends such as Sri Sri and Narayana Babu. He was a long time president of Progressive Writers Association, arasam.

     

    Chellapilla Venkata Sastry(1870-1950):

    Brilliant and highly influential poet in the classical genre. Prolific literary genius. Trained a large number of famous writers. The second of the great duo tirupati vEnkaTa kavulu. Honoured as the first poet laureate of Andhra.

     

    Chilukuri Narayana Rao (1890-1952):

    Well-known lexicographer, historian and scholar. Published “aandhra Bhaashaa caritraM” (1937) and a revised version of Sankaranarayana’s English-Telugu Dictionary, etc.

     

    C. Narayana Reddy (1931-):

    Well-known poet, educator, critic, administrator, and song writer for the movies. For his epic poem viSvaMbhara in modern style the highest literary award in India j~naanapeetha, was given to him in 1987. He also produced several other major works, e.g., karpUra vasaMta raayalu.

     

    Arthur Cotton (1803-1899):

    Perhaps the most beloved western personality in Telugu history. Knighted. One of the finest civil engineers of 19th cent. Built the anicut on Godavari at Dhavaleswaram among other things. His irrigation works and plans transformed the economy of the coastal districts and very strongly influenced its current domineering position.

     

    Charles Philip Brown (1798-1884):

    Brilliant scholar of Telugu. Although he was not an Indian, he was intimately connected with Telugu literature for nearly sixty years and immensely contributed to its progress.


    Damerla Rama Rao (1897-1925):

    Brilliant artist. Became well-known within a very short life span. Founded the Andhra School of Art at Rajamundry. There is an art gallery named after him at Rajamundry today.

     

    Durgabai Deshmukh(1909-1981):

    Eminent freedom fighter, social reformer, educator and leader of early women’s movement Gora –Goparaju Ramachandra Rao (1902-1975) Highly influential thinker and social reformer. Dedicated his life to developing atheistic thought in Andhra and beyond. Authored several works. Founded the Atheist Center, Vijayawada. His son lavaNaM is also a well-known atheist and thinker.

     

    Gurajada Appa Rao (1862-1915):

    Perhaps the greatest modern writer in Telugu. Commands tremendous respect. Uncompromising intellectual and a social reformer in his own way. More than any one else’s, his works defined the beginning of modern Telugu drama, poetry and short story. The Kanyasulkam drama and much of his poetry are world class. His contributions lay not only in the techniques but also in the refreshing, original and modern outlook and a deep humanistic spirit that he instilled in Telugu literature.

     

    Abburi Varada Rajeswara Rao (1923-1993) Prominent poet, critic and educator. On the editorial staff of several literary magazines.

     

    Mangalampalli Balamurali Krishna(1930-):

    Brilliant musician in the South Indian classical style. Perhaps the finest from Andhra in his generation. Composer, vocalist, and music scholar.

     

    Mutnuri Krishna Rao(1879-1945):

    Great editor and journalist. His Krishna Patrika was instrumental in shaping the Telugu Literary scene for four decades beginning 1907.

     

    Uyyalavada Narasimha Reddy(d. 1847):

    Led one of the first popular revolts in all of India against British occupation Nataraja Ramakrishna (1933-) Very influential dancer, scholar and writer on Telugu dance forms. Single handedly revived the forgotten art form “aaMdhra naaTyaM.” Although he was born in Bali, his service to Telugu, his ancestral language and its culture is very meritorious.

     

    Pingali Venkayya(1887-1963):

    Freedom fighter. Great follower of Mahatma Gandhi. Designed the tricolour -the Indian national flag.

     

    Potti Sriramulu(1901-1952):

    Freedom fighter. Led the popular movement to unite Telugu speaking people under a single government and martyred himself in the process. His act of “Satyagraha” directly led to the eastablishment “Linguistic states” in modern India.

     

    Tanguturi Prasam(1872-1957):

    One of the greatest freedom fighters of India, eminent leader and administrator. Chief minister of Madras Presidency and the first chief minister of Andhra.

     

    Chandra Rajeswara Rao(1915-1994):

    Freedom fighter, eminent socialist, long time general secretary of the communist party of India Ravi Narayana Rao(1908-1991) Eminent freedom fighter, philanthropist, reformer, and parliamentarian. Spear headed liberation of Telangana movement. Founding member of the communist party of India.

     

    Alluri Sitarama Raju (1897-1924):

    Fearless freedom fighter. Led the most famous armed revolt in Telugu history against the British occupation Puchchalapalli Sundarayya(1913-1985) Great freedom fighter, social reformer and parliamentarian. Led communist movements in Andhra and beyond for many decades.

     

    Tenneti Viswanatham (1895-1979):

    Freedom fighter, parliamentarian, leader and administrator. Close associate of Tanguturi Prakasam.

     

    Tyaga Raja (1767-1847):

    Perhaps the most famous of all the South Indian composers. Part of the great trio of Carnatic music. Great writer. Devotee of Lord Rama. He has a very large lineage of brilliant pupils (SiShya paraMpara). Greatly praised and revered as a saint. Hailed as “on whose art no human hand can improve!” Kandukuri Viresalingam(1848-1919) One of the most brilliant and profoundly influential writers in Telugu. One of the greatest social reformers of 19th century India.

     

    Visvanatha Satyanarayana(1890-1976):

    The greatest classical style writer in modern times. A literary institution all by himself. His work and personality invoked just about every superlative (positive as well as negative) from various critics. Prolific writer and critic. Eminent educator. Significantly contributed to many diverse literary genres . Received India’s highest literary award j~naanapeeTha for his raamaayaNa kalpa vRkshaM. His novels such as vEyi paDagalu are equally famous.

    http://digg.com/newsbar/topnews/eminent_telugu_personalities_mauritius_telugu_cultural_world_telugu_conference

     

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