Language – Page 2 – Ramanisblog

Sanskrit Latin Tamil Which is Older

Sanskrit and Latin are considered to be the ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit,

is considered to be the liturgical language of India,the language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism,and the mother of Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-European lanuage group.

With Thirty Million Manuscripts existing even today,Sanskrit is the oldest Language of the world and the Rig Veda which is in Sanskrit is the oldest literature of the world.

There is a view that the Hitti Language is older than Sanskrit.

Not so.

I shall be posting on this an article(‘ https://ramanisblog.in/2015/02/04/thirty-million-manuscripts-700-poetic-meters-amazing-sanskrit/)

‘

The Sanskrit language, whatever be its antiquity, is of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either, yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs and in the forms of grammar, than could possibly have been produced by accident; so strong indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three without believing them to have sprung from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists.’ william Jones.

Number Sanskrit Latin Greek

1 éka unus mono-

2 dvá duo di-

3 trí tres tri-

4 catúr quattuor tetra-

5 páñca quinque

6 sás sex hexa-

7 saptá septem hepta-

8 astá octo octa-

9 náva novem ennea-

10 dása decem deca-

Western scholars date it to 2nd millennium BCE (for Rig-vedic)

( there are primary classifications,Vedic and Post Vedic.

Latin.

Old Latin, also known as Early Latin and Archaic Latin, refers to the Latin language in the period before 75 BC, i.e. before the age of Classical Latin.^[2] In New and Contemporary Latin, it is called prisca Latinitas (“ancient Latin”) rather than vetus Latina (“old Latin”) as the latter is used to refer to a set of Biblical texts.(wiki)

But Sanskrit was used during the period of Ramayana and the language was in use much earlier as the Vedas were learnt during Ramayana.

Hence it should predate Ramayana at least by 2000 yeas to attain the level of maturity.

And the Rig veda is dated to 5000 BC and it recorded as the oldest literature of Humans.

Now Rama date is 5114 BC.

”

Luv and Kush grew in his ashram as his disciples. We need to be proud of the fact that Valmiki was perhaps the first great astronomer and that his study of planetary configurations has stood the test of times. Even the latest computer softwares have corroborated his astronomical calculations, which proves that he did not commit any error.

Shabri is stated to be belonging to the Bhil tribe. Shri Rams’ army, which succeeded in defeating Ravana, was formed by various tribes from Central and South India.

Taking into account these details the Birth date of Lord Rama is January 10 in the year 5114 BC.

(Ramayana Lord Rama’s Exile Date and other details .

(https://ramanisblog.in/2012/04/05/ramayana-lord-ramas-exile-date-and-other-details/)

Hence Sanskrit dates to at least 7000 BC.

Therefore Sanskrit is older than Latin.

Wait, there is some more information.

Tamil.

Tamil /ˈtæmɪl/^[10] (தமிழ், tamiḻ, [t̪ɐmɨɻ] ^?) also spelt Tamizh is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people ofTamil Nadu and Sri Lanka. It has official status in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu,^[11] Puducherry and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Tamil is also an official and national language of Sri Lanka^[12] and one of the official languages of Singapore.^[13] It is legalised as one of the languages of medium of education in Malaysia along with English, Malay and Mandarin.^[14]^[15] It is also chiefly spoken in the states of Kerala, Puducherry and Andaman and Nicobar Islands as a secondary language and by minorities in Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and was the first Indian language to be declared a classical language by the Government of India in 2004. Tamil is also spoken by significant minorities inMalaysia, England, Mauritius, Canada,^[16] South Africa,^[17] Fiji,^[18] Germany,^[19] Philippines, United States, Netherlands,Indonesia,^[20] Réunion and France as well as emigrant communities around the world.

Tamil is one of the longest surviving classical languages in the world.^[21]^[22] 2,200-year-old Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions have been found on Samanamalai It has been described as “the only language of contemporary India which is recognizably continuous with a classical past.

The fact that Tamil Kings were mentioned in the Ramayana and Mahabharata would enable one to date tamil around, again 7000 BC, at a conservative estimate.

”

The archaeological finds from Attirappakkam northeast of Chennai evidences the existence of Tamils about a million years ago!

“The prehistoric period during which Lower Paleolithic settlements existed in the Tamil Nadu region has been estimated to span the period from about 1,510,000 BCE^[1] until around 3000 BCE.^[2] For most part of the lower Paleolithic stage, humans lived close to river valleys with sparse forest cover or in grassland environments. The population density was very low and so far only two localities of this lower Palaeolithic culture have been found insouth India. One of these is in Attirampakkam valley in the northwest of Chennai in Tamil Nadu.^[3] Archaeological research has uncovered evidence of fossil remains of animals and primitive stone implements around the northern Tamil Nadu that could be dated to belong to around 3000,000 BCE.^{[citation needed]}Humans inSouth India, belonging to the species of Homo erectus, lived in this primitive ‘old stone age’ (Palaeolithic) for quite a long time, using only crude implements such as hand axes and choppers and subsisting as hunter-gatherers“(wiki)

The Tamil History based on this, Tamil Literature,Sanskrit Literature and Arikkamedu findings,Puducherry is between 15,000 BCE to 10,000 BCE.

Such an old civilization quotes Sanskrit and Vedic Literature .

But we are dating the Vedas around 5000 BC.

If the Sangam period , Muthal Sangam, at 500 BC is true, how is it that the Purana, which are earlier by at least by 4000 years, quote Tamils, Tamil Kings?

( https://ramanisblog.in/2013/12/27/million-year-old-tamil-quotes-vedas-they-quote-tamil/)

People who call themselves scholars conveniently overlook these facts in assigning dates to Tamil and Sanskrit.

It would be fair to state, based on the available evidence that,

Sanskrit and Tamil date earlier to Latin and

as to the question “Which one is earlier, Tamil or Sanskrit?’,

I am unable to establish on the basis of available evidence as each language quotes the other.

One might state that , as of now, that Sanskrit and Tamil are the oldest languages of Humans .

References.

http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/sanskrit.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Latin

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/286368/Indo-European-languages/74551/Sanskrit-studies-and-their-impact

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_language

23 Feb 2015

Sanskrit No Comma No Punctuation!

I came across an interesting article on Sanskrit where it lists the greatness of Sanskrit ,by demonstrating how no punctuation is required for effective communication!

Here it is..

Sanskrit Numerals flipped over 786.jpg — 786 Sanskrit Numerals

a section from mahAbhArata, where Arjun explains to Krishna his logic of not fighting the war. Apart from the literary, philosophical and poetic content, one thing is starkly conspicuous in this. Where are the punctuation marks?? No commas, no quotations, no semi-colons and no exclamation marks !! All we see are the single and double vertical lines viz. । and ॥. If they are punctuation marks, then why are they appearing at such regular intervals ?

अर्जुन उवाच
यद्यप्येते न पश्यन्ति लोभोपहतचेतसः । कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं मित्रद्रोहे च पातकम् ॥
कथं न ज्ञेयमस्माभिः पापादस्मान्निवर्तितुम् । कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं प्रपश्यद्भिर्जनार्दन ॥
कुलक्षये प्रणश्यन्ति कुलधर्माः सनातनाः । धर्मे नष्टे कुलं कृत्स्नमधर्मोऽभिभवत्युत ॥
अधर्माभिभवात्कृष्ण प्रदुष्यन्ति कुलस्त्रियः । स्त्रीषु दुष्टासु वार्ष्णेय जायते वर्णसंकरः ॥
संकरो नरकायैव कुलघ्नानां कुलस्य च । पतन्ति पितरो ह्येषां लुप्तपिण्डोदकक्रियाः ॥
दोषैरेतैः कुलघ्नानां वर्णसङ्करकारकैः । उत्साद्यन्ते जातिधर्माः कुलधर्माः च शाश्वताः ॥
उत्सन्नकुलधर्माणां मनुष्याणां जनार्दन । नरकेनियतं वासो भवति इति अनुशुश्रुम ॥
अहो बत महत्पापं कर्तुं व्यवसिता वयम् । यद्राज्यसुखलोभेन हन्तुं स्वजनमुद्यताः ॥
यदि मामप्रतीकारमशस्त्रं शस्त्रपाणयः । धार्तराष्ट्रा रणे हन्युस्तन्मे क्षेमतरं भवेत् ॥

Explanation.

Q) So, if that is the case, how do you writeflowers, leaves, cows and elephants in Sanskrit ? What substitutes for the comma ?
A) In Sanskrit,
पुष्प = flower
पत्र = leaf
गो = cow
गज = elephant
Hence to write flowers, leaves, cows and elephants, all the words will have to be converted to their plural-first-vibhakti forms viz. पुष्पाणि, पत्राणि, गावः and गजाः which effectively translate to flowers, leaves, cows and elephants respectively. Then these vibhaktified words should be arranged sequentially to form the sentence.

पुष्पाणि पत्राणि गावः गजाः ।

Since there is no ambiguity of any kind, we don’t require commas here.

Q) Are you sure there is no ambiguity ? Let me show you, there is. In the article Similarities between Sanskrit and Programming Languages, you explained that words having the same vibhakti represent the same object, hence the 4 words viz. पुष्पाणि, पत्राणि, गावः and गजाः should represent the same object and not different objects, since they have the same vibhakti viz. first vibhakti. Am I not making a point ?
A) Actually, you are. Words having the same vibhakti indeed represent the same object. And they represent the same object even here. So पुष्पाणि पत्राणि गावः गजाः । would mean that flowers, leaves, cows and elephants are one and the same thing. To prevent this from happening, we add a च in the end.

So पुष्पाणि पत्राणि गावः गजाः । would mean that flowers, leaves, cows and elephants are one and the same thing, but
पुष्पाणि पत्राणि गावः गजाः च। would mean that flowers, leaves, cows and elephants are different things (though they have the same vibhakti). So we see that च is a kind of indicator that tells us that the words preceding it represent different things even if they have the same vibhaktis. There is no word in English that matches the role played by च,but it is often loosely translated by and. The difference between च and and is that while the former negates the effect of vibhakti and usually occurs at the end of the list of objects, the latter is not at all related to vibhakti (since there are no vibhaktis in English!) and occurs before the last word in the list of objects. So the correct translation of
flowers, leaves, cows and elephants is
पुष्पाणि पत्राणि गावः गजाः च।
So the word च, along with the vibhaktis, compensates for the absence of commas in Sanskrit! (The word च, used in the above passage from mahAbhArata in the manner explained here, has been marked in bold.)

Q) Ok, you explained about the comma. What about the quotation marks ? How do I write, for example, “I am great”, he said. How will you do away with the quotation marks ?
A) First let us give some meanings,
महान् = great
अहम् = I
सः = he
अब्रवीत् = said

So, the sentence “I am great”, he said. would translate to महान् अहम् इति सः अब्रवीत् | We have used the word इति, and not the quotation marks, to quote महान् अहम् . But, the word इति is much more powerful than simple quotation marks. इति is like a packager, which packs the words appearing before it into a single entity and then attributes that entity to the words that follow it. So, in महान् अहम् इति सः अब्रवीत् , “महान् अहम्” is packaged into a single entity by इति and then this entity is attributed to सः |

Q) I still don’t see, how is इति more powerful than quotation marks. Can you elaborate ?
A) Sure, let’s take a different example. सर्वम् ब्रह्म इति नरः सुदुर्लभः। The english translation of this sentence would be, A man who thinks/believes/knows that “Everything is brahma” is very rare. Here, इति has packaged सर्वम् ब्रह्म into a single entity and attributed that entity to नरः, hence we know that it is नरः who thinks/believes/knows सर्वम् ब्रह्म. However, in English, the quotation marks package Everything is brahma into a single entity, but do not attribute it to A man. Hence, we need to use the verbs likethinks/believes/knows to attribute Everything is brahma to A man. In Sanskrit, we do not need to use any verbs for this. इति compensates even for the verbs. Similarly, महान् अहम् इति सः could be translated to “I am great”, he says/believes/thinks.

Exercise: Translate इति गच्छति । to english.

Q) Can you give more examples? How would you do away with colons, for example ? Translate Three things cannot be long hidden: the sun, the moon, and the truth.
A) This is very easy. What does the colon signify here ? The part of the sentence before the colon says that there are three certain things which cannon be hidden. The colon here is used to convey that those three certain things are the sun, the moon, and the truth. Hence, the colon is used to match the (unsaid) three things with their names viz. sun, moon and truth. This can be done in Sanskrit using vibhaktis. In fact, one very basic purpose of vibhaktis is to match related words. Afterall, words having the same vibhaktis denote the same objects. So the Sanskrit version of this sentence should definitely have the same vibhakti for Three things and the sun, the moon, and the truth. The Sanskrit version of this sentence is त्रीणि चिरेण अनावार्याणि सूर्यशशिसत्यानि ।

त्रि = (property of being) three
चिर = (property of being associated with) a long time span
अनावार्य = (property of) not being able to be hidden

त्रीणि = three objects
चिरेण = for a long time
अनावार्याणि = things which cannot be hidden
सूर्यशशिसत्यानि = the Sun, the Moon and truth

The translation contains no colon because त्रीणि which means Three things and सूर्यशशिसत्यानि which means the sun, the moon, and the truth indeed have the same vibhakti viz. first vibhakti and hence त्रीणि and सूर्यशशिसत्यानि represent the same object(s). Hence, we know that the three things are indeed the sun, the moon, and the truth. In fact, since अनावार्याणि also has the same vibhakti as त्रीणि and सूर्यशशिसत्यानि, it also represents the same objects that त्रीणि and सूर्यशशिसत्यानि represent! Hence, we know that the objects which are त्रीणि and सूर्यशशिसत्यानि are also अनावार्याणि (means they cannot be hidden).

Q) Ok. And what are । and ॥. You told that they are not punctuation marks.

A) । and ॥ play different roles in poem and prose. In a poem, like mahAbhArata above, । and ॥ are only used to arrange text in the form of verses so that the verses can be easily memorized. In prose,। is used to mark the end of a sentence (like a full-stop) and ॥ is used to mark the end of a paragraph. So, । and ॥ can be called punctuation marks if you prefer to call them so. But apart from these two, there are no other punctuation marks in Sanskrit.

Finally, the words like च, इति and many more are those that neither represent ideas, nor properties, nor objects. There vibhaktis too do not exist. These words are finite in number and are not derivable from dhAtus. These words fall at level 3 in the scheme we developed in the last article and are not derivable from the words of the second level. They usually fall under the category of Conjunctions, Interjections and Prepositions. Given below is the solution to the exercise. In the next article, we shall bust certain misconceptions about Sanskrit. Bye!’

From

https://uttishthabharata.wordpress.com/2011/08/27/sanskrit-punctuation/

Check the site for interesting information on Sanskrit.

13 Feb 2015

Tamil Heads World Languages With Sanskrit

Recently I published an article on Sanskrit heading the world languages group.

Though the source I have cited is a highly reputable educational research oriented site, curiously Tamil the ancient language is found missing.

I belive this is deliberate to divide the Indians as Dravidians and Aryans, meaning Sanskrit.

The Facts.

1.The Vedas have, by numerous quotes refer to Tamils,indicate that Tusks,Elephants,Spices were imported from the South, especially from the Chera Kingdom.

2.The Puranas repeatedly state that a Cheran King Perunchotru Udiyan neduncherallatha fed both the Panadava and Kaurava armies during the Mahabharata War.

3.Arjuna and Krishna married Pandyan Princesses.

4.Lord Krishna attended the Tamil Poets’ Conclave, Tamil Sangam.

5.Balarama went ona Pilgrimage to south and worshiped Parashurama and Lord Subrahmanya, called as Murugan in Tamil.

6.Tamil has been dated ,

‘

The archaeological finds from Attirappakkam northeast of Chennai evidences the existence of Tamils about a million years ago!

“The prehistoric period during which Lower Paleolithic settlements existed in the Tamil Nadu region has been estimated to span the period from about 1,510,000 BCE^[1] until around 3000 BCE.^[2] For most part of the lower Paleolithic stage, humans lived close to river valleys with sparse forest cover or in grassland environments. The population density was very low and so far only two localities of this lower Palaeolithic culture have been found insouth India. One of these is in Attirampakkam valley in the northwest of Chennai in Tamil Nadu.^[3] Archaeological research has uncovered evidence of fossil remains of animals and primitive stone implements around the northern Tamil Nadu that could be dated to belong to around 3000,000 BCE.^{[citation needed]}Humans inSouth India, belonging to the species of Homo erectus, lived in this primitive ‘old stone age’ (Palaeolithic) for quite a long time, using only crude implements such as hand axes and choppers and subsisting as hunter-gatherers“(wiki)

The Tamil History based on this, Tamil Literature,Sanskrit Literature and Arikkamedu findings,Puducherry is between 15,000 BCE to 10,000 BCE.’

7.This is acknowledged.

8.Sage Viswamitra banished his sons to the south.

9.Lord Rama’s ancestor Satyavrata Manu, also called Vaivasvatha Manu is from the South.

10.Sage Agasthya , the giver of Tamil dates back to 5000 BC, by some accounts based on Astronomy 25000 years earlier!

”

3.That Time is Cyclic and the events occur in Cycles.

4.Tamil Language is as old as Sanskrit.

5..Agasthya existed around 5000 BC and around 25725 years before that.’

11.Tolkaapiyam , the oldest Tamil Grammar Book is dated, at a conservative estimate,to 3 Century BC.

12.The earlier Grammar Book Agathiyam by Sage Agastya was destroyed by a Tsunami.

13.’ The linguistic evidence suggests that Proto-South Dravidian was spoken around the middle of the second millennium BC, and that proto-Tamil emerged around the 3rd century BC. The earliest epigraphic attestations of Tamil are generally taken to have been written shortly thereafter.( wiki Tail Language)

14.As To Hitti heading the Anatolian languages,

”

The Inca Empire was divided into Four Regions as in Ancient Tamils, Kurinji,Mullai,Marutham, Neythal , based on Geography.

The Fifth one Palai is desert.

Considering the fact that they were following most of the customs that are similar to the Customs of Sanatana Dharma. I checked and was pleasantly surprised to find that,

“The Ayar-Incas that primitive Aryan words and people came to Americaespecially from Indo-Arya by the island chains ofPolynesia. The very name of the boat in Mexico is a South Indian (Tamil) word: Catamaran.”-

The Ayar-Incas (2 Volume Set): 1. Monuments, Culture, and American Relationship; 2. Asiatic Origins-Miles Poindexter,Former US Ambassador-

The Incas celebrated the Makara Sankaranti in the South Indian Style.”

And Hitti,

Hittite (nešili) was the language of the Hittite Empire, dated approximately 1650 to 1200 BC, which ruled over nearly all of Anatolia during that time”

Considering these facts, it is obvious that Tamil headed the Anatolian Group, based on its early date and the impact of Tamil on Hitti.

Citation.

Milion Year Old Tamil

Agastya Canopus Validates Sanatan Dharma Tamil-dates

Incas of Peru

Tolkappiyam Wiki.

Anatolian Languages wiki.

Vedic Empire.

11 Feb 2015

Sanskrit From Shiva’s Damaru Maheswar Sutras

Tamil Classical literature and Tamil grammar Texts Agathiyam and Tholkaapiyam declare that Tamil Language was revealed by Lord Shiva as the Language of Mortals,Manusha Basha.

Nataraja .gif — Nataraja, A Form of Lord Shiva

This, Lord Shiva, is reported to have given to Sage Agastya and Lord Shiva presided over the first Conclave of Tamil Poets.

The second conclave of Tamil Poets was presided over by Lord Subrahmanya, who is called Muruga in Tamil, the term Murugu in Tamil meaning ‘Exquisite Beauty’, which might denote both Muruga and Tamil.

The Tamil language is so organised that the Form of Muruga is represented by the Tamil Language.

I shall be posting on this.

Now I have come across the information that Sanskrit Language, which the Puranas describe as the Language of Gods, was from the sound of Lord Shiva’s Damru, a percussion instrument which adorns Lord Shiva’s hand.

After completion of His Cosmic dance,Shiva sounded His Damaru as the Universe was being created.

These sounds create maintain regulate and destroy the Universe.

Semen and Sound are mentioned as the Creative Force of the Universe.

Lord Subrahmanya is worshiped as the embodiment of both.

Nada Bindu Kaladi Namo.

Bindu may be translated as Semen in the physical plane and as stages of spiritual development in Nada Yoga.

“A damaru (Skt.damaru; Tibetan ཌཱ་མ་རུ; Devanagari: डमरु) or damru is a small two-headed drum, used in Hinduism and Tibetan Buddhism.Damru is known as the instrument of Lord Shiva. Damru was first created by Shiva to produce spiritual sounds by which this whole universe has been created and regulated…

In the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, the damaru is part of a collection of sacred implements and musical instrument was adopted from the tantric practices of ancient India. These reached the Land of Snows from the 8th to 12th century, persisting in Tibet as the practice of Vajrayana flourished there, even as it vanished in the subcontinent of India…

There are two types of Damaru, Skull Damaru and Chod Damaru.

Shiva's Damaru emits Maheswara Sutras..jpg. — Maheswara Sutras from Shivas’ Damaru

Shiva Sutras, 14.gif — The FortennVerses Of Maheswara Sutra.

“The Maheshwara Sutra is the most ancient known Sanskrit alphabet sequence. This alphabet sequence is at the same time a powerful Mantra and the vibrations of its sound has healing powers.

1. अ इ उ ण् |
2. ऋ ऌ क् |
3. ए ओ ङ् |
4. ऐ औ च् |
5. ह य व र ट् |
6. ल ण् |
7. ञ म ङ ण न म् |
8. झ भ ञ् |
9. घ ढ ध ष् |
10. ज ब ग ड द श् |
11. ख फ छ ठ थ च ट त व् |
12. क प य् |
13.श ष स र् |
14. ह ल् |

The fourteen sutras contain all the letters of the Sanskrit varnamala- the svaras (vowels) a, i, u, R^i, lR^i, e, ai, o, au and all the vyanjanas (consonants). As per the Rig Veda Lord Shiva brought this Sanskrit alphabet sequence, and the Sanskrit language to earth. The sounds of the alphabet originated from Lord Shiva’s ‘damru’, probably some kind of a sound device.

Citation.

http://vediccafe.blogspot.in/2012/08/the-sanskrit-alphabet-sequence.html

17 Jan 2015

Break The Backbone Sanskrit Indian Culture ,Indians Support this?

That Lord Macaulay introduced English to India is known to every one.

It is also , not so well-known that he introduced it, because,

““I have traveled across the length and breadth of India and I have not seen one person who is a beggar, who is a thief. Such wealth I have seen in this country, such high moral values, people of such calibre, that I do not think we would ever conquer this country, unless we break the very backbone of this nation, which is her spiritual and cultural heritage, and, therefore, I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system, her culture, for if the Indians think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own, they will lose their self-esteem, their native self-culture and they will become what we want them, a truly dominated nation.”

-Lord Macaulay’s speech in the British Parliament on 2nd February 1835.

Macaulay on India.png — Thomas Babington Macaulay On Hinduism,speech on introduction of English in India.

Now a concerted attempt is on to justify(?) Macaulay by stating that ,

“Are we to keep the people of India ignorant in order that we may keep them submissive? Or do we think that we can give them knowledge without awakening ambition? Or do we mean to awaken ambition and to provide it with no legitimate vent? Who will answer any of these questions in the affirmative? Yet one of them must be answered in the affirmative, by every person who maintains that we ought permanently to exclude the natives from high office. I have no fears. The path of duty is plain before us: and it is also the path of wisdom, of national prosperity, of national honor.[See the full text here]”

What is the position?

Voltaire French Philospher on Hinduism.jpg — Voltaire on Hinduism

Macaulay’s speech excerpts and Minutes.

Education and the English Empire in India

I feel that, for the good of India itself, the admission of natives to high office must be effected by slow degrees. But that, when the fulness of time is come, when the interest of India requires the change, we ought to refuse to make that change lest we should endanger our own power, this is a doctrine of which I cannot think without indignation. Governments, like men, may buy existence too dear. “Propter vitam vivendi perdere causas,” [“To lose the reason for living, for the sake of staying alive”] is a despicable policy both in individuals and in states. In the present case, such a policy would be not only despicable, but absurd. The mere extent of empire is not necessarily an advantage. To many governments it has been cumbersome; to some it has been fatal. It will be allowed by every statesman of our time that the prosperity of a community is made up of the prosperity of those who compose the community, and that it is the most childish ambition to covet dominion which adds to no man’s comfort or security. To the great trading nation, to the great manufacturing nation, no progress which any portion of the human race can make in knowledge, in taste for the conveniences of life, or in the wealth by which those conveniences are produced, can be matter of indifference. It is scarcely possible to calculate the benefits which we might derive from the diffusion of European civilisation among the vast population of the East. It would be, on the most selfish view of the case, far better for us that the people of India were well governed and independent of us, than ill governed and subject to us; that they were ruled by their own kings, but wearing our broadcloth, and working with our cutlery, than that they were performing their salams to English collectors and English magistrates, but were too ignorant to value, or too poor to buy, English manufactures. To trade with civilised men is infinitely more profitable than to govern savages. That would, indeed, be a doting wisdom, which, in order that India might remain a dependency, would make it an useless and costly dependency, which would keep a hundred millions of men from being our customers in order that they might continue to be our slaves.

Are we to keep the people of India ignorant in order that we may keep them submissive? Or do we think that we can give them knowledge without awakening ambition? Or do we mean to awaken ambition and to provide it with no legitimate vent? Who will answer any of these questions in the affirmative? Yet one of them must be answered in the affirmative, by every person who maintains that we ought permanently to exclude the natives from high office. 1 have no fears. The path of duty is plain before us: and it is also the path of wisdom, of national prosperity, of national honor.

Source

From Thomas Babington Macaulay, “Speech in Parliament on the Government of India Bill, 10 July 1833,” Macaulay, Prose and Poetry, selected by G.M. Young (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1957), pp. 716-18

“

I have no knowledge of either Sanscrit or Arabic.-But I have done what I could to form a correct estimate of their value. I have read translations of the most celebrated Arabic and Sanscrit works. I have conversed both here and at home with men distinguished by their proficiency in the Eastern tongues. I am quite ready to take the Oriental learning at the valuation of the Orientalists themselves. I have never found one among them who could deny that a single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia. The intrinsic superiority of the Western literature is, indeed, fully admitted by those members of the Committee who support the Oriental plan of education.

It will hardly be disputed, I suppose, that the department of literature in which the Eastern writers stand highest is poetry. And I certainly never met with any Orientalist who ventured to maintain that the Arabic and Sanscrit poetry could be compared to that of the great European nations. But when we pass from works of imagination to works in which facts are recorded, and general principles investigated, the superiority of the Europeans becomes absolutely immeasurable. It is, I believe, no exaggeration to say, that all the historical information which has been collected from all the books written in the Sanscrit language is less valuable than what may be found in the most paltry abridgements used at preparatory schools in England. In every branch of physical or moral philosophy, the relative position of the two nations is nearly the same.”

The apologists Macaulay claim that,

“

Clearly, Macaulay was saying something directly opposite to what has been quoted as his!

There is indeed a clear reason why this distorted quote was invented. This is indeed RSS and its followers, who put words on Macaulay. I now know RSS even referred to English speaking Indians as ‘Children of Macaulay’! The quote above, passed on by my trusting friend, is a spoof, RSS trying to interpret what Macaulay might have meant. [I am sure those who did it knew that Macaulay also put Arabic on the same boat as Sanksrit]”

Macaulay on Indian Culture.

““I have traveled across the length and breadth of India and I have not seen one person who is a beggar, who is a thief. Such wealth I have seen in this country, such high moral values, people of such calibre, that I do not think we would ever conquer this country, unless we break the very backbone of this nation, which is her spiritual and cultural heritage, and, therefore, I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system, her culture, for if the Indians think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own, they will lose their self-esteem, their native self-culture and they will become what we want them, a truly dominated nation.”

Now one can judge as to what are the intentions of Macaulay.

Citations.

http://books.google.co.in/books?id=0kSMosMLUMwC&pg=PA169&lpg=PA169&dq=lord+macaulay+2nd+february+1835+india&source=web&ots=wmjOO95mYR&sig=Q6U0FlzLCJH3Tl21qCOIqva-oy8&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=lord%20macaulay%202nd%20february%201835%20india&f=false

http://sundayposts.blogspot.in/2008/01/lord-macaulays-quote-on-india.html#.VKyg3cn4C4o

http://legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1833macaulay-india.asp

http://koenraadelst.bharatvani.org/articles/hinduism/macaulay.html

7 Jan 2015

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Tag: Language

Sanskrit Latin Tamil Which is Older

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Like this:

Sanskrit No Comma No Punctuation!

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Like this:

Tamil Heads World Languages With Sanskrit

The Ayar-Incas (2 Volume Set): 1. Monuments, Culture, and American Relationship; 2. Asiatic Origins-Miles Poindexter,Former US Ambassador-

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