- 1. PARTS OF SPEECH
As we have seen earlier, a sentence consists of many words. EACH WORD IN a sentence performs a particular duty.
Example: RAMA WAS A NOBLE KING.
In this sentence, ‘RAMA’ refers to a Name. ‘KING’ refers to a position occupied by an individual, ‘a’ refers to a single man, ‘was’ indicates time. Even though there are many words, each one of them performs a particular work. Put together, they enable the sentence to give us a proper meaning. All these words form part of a sentence. These parts together make a sentence. The words that perform different functions are grouped together under different headings. Each group performs a particular duty. These classifications are called parts of speech.
‘Words are grouped based on their duties or use into different classes. They are called ‘Parts of Speech.
THEY ARE EIGHT IN NUMBER. They are as follows:
1. NOUN
2. PRONOUN
3. ADJECTIVE
4. VERB
5. ADVERB
6. PREPOSITION
7. CONJUNCTION
8. INTERJECTION
1. NOUN: NOUN IS A WORD THAT denotes the name of a person, place or thing.
Example: CHANDRAGUPTA MAURYA was a great king.
Sri Rangam is on the Kollidam.
STARS shine in the night.
HONESTY is the best policy.
When we say king, it includes (a) Object which we can see / hear / touch / smell and
(b) things we can think of but, cannot perceive by our senses e.g; (goodness, Beauty).
2. PRO-NOUN. PRONOUN is a word that stands in the place of a NOUN. ‘PRO’ means ‘FOR’. Therefore, a word that stands in the place of a noun is called a PRONOUN.
RAMA IS WORSHIPPED because he was righteous.
If we look carefully, this sentence is actually made up of
three thoughts. RAMA IS WORSHIPPED. RAMA
WAS RIGHTEOUS.
Therefore, RAMA IS WORSHIPPED.
If we speak or write as above, it will look odd. Hence, we combine these thoughts to form a sentence, namely;
‘RAMA is worshipped because he was righteous. The word ‘HE’ refers to RAMA. Instead of saying or writing ‘RAMA’ repeatedly, we say or write ‘he’. ‘HE’ here stands for ‘RAMA’ which is a NOUN. Hence, ‘He’ stands for (PRO) – NOUN. RAMA, is called a PRONOUN.
3. ‘RAMA WAS A NOBLE KING’.
In this sentence, Rama and king are NOUNS. We know RAMA is the name of a person. King is a position occupied by him. Let us now see the meaning ‘RAMA WAS A NOBLE KING’. In this, we get to know an additional quality of Rama. i.e. in addition to being a man, we understand that he was also a noble in king. The noun ‘KING’ gets additional meaning. That is to say, the word ‘NOBLE’ adds meaning to KING. The word ‘NOBLE’ is called adjective, because it adds more meaning to the Noun.
‘An ADJECTIVE is a word that adds more meaning to the NOUN.
Example: India is a great country
He is a good student
GANGES is a holy river.
4. VERB – VERB is a word that indicates ACTION or
STATUS.
When we form a sentence, we have to speak or write about an action or status. E.g.; I write. Beneath the other GOLD IS COSTLIER THAN SILVER.
In the first sentence, we are describing an action – ‘Write’.
In the second sentence, we indicate the status or position of gold – ‘is’.
5. ADVERB is a word that adds meaning to a verb.
He ran quickly.
We understand when we say ‘he ran’ that he is running. We do not know anything more than that. That is whether he is running quickly or slowly. But, when we say ‘quickly’ – we understand that he runs fast. In other words, we add more meaning to ‘run’.
e.g.; Sun rise is very beautiful.
One should behave properly in a public place
6. Preposition is a word that expresses the relation, how the Noun / Pronoun or Person or thing denoted by Noun / Pronoun is related to something else. Here in, of, under informs us of the relation between Nouns / Pronouns and the object.
This is to the appear below,
e.g; My house is in T.Nagar
I am fond of my mother
It is very hot under the sun
7. Conjunction is a word that joins sentences.
Rama and Seetha are husband and wife.
8. Interjection is a word that expresses sudden and strong feeling.
E.g.; Wow! What a shot!
http://ramanisblog.in/2012/07/23/english-grammarthe-phrase-and-the-clause/
http://ramanisblog.in/2012/07/21/english-grammar-2the-sentence/
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