Day: January 27, 2015

  • Navaratri Is Rama Sita Festival,Shiva In Mexico

    Mexico was inhabited by the Aztecs before the Spanish occupation.

    The term Aztec might have its roots in Astika, meaning one who believes in the Authority of the Vedas.

    Lord Shiva seated.jpg
    Lord Shiva seated in Yoga Posture

     

    A festival is celebrated at the same time as our Navaratri; it is called “Rama-Sita”

    The Mexican national throne preserved in the National Museum of Mexico bears the typical Hindu Buddhist disc of the Sun.

    The Mexicans also had the Hindu Simhasan (Lion throne).

    Shiva Temple in Mexico.jpg
    Shiva Temple in Mexico.

    ‘  Temple of Shiva was found in Mexico city.

    The largest temple in Mexico City was the temple of Lord Shiva, the War God of the Mexican whom the Spanish invaders found entwined by golden snakes. This temple was built in the 15th century and had 3000 Deva-Dasis to perform religious ceremonials. The Mexican temple had the Gopuram style. Here you see a reconstruction of the same after it was destroyed by the Spaniards. The temples at Tikal in Mexico also bore the imprint of our famous temple at Madura. No wonder E. G. Squire in his American archaeological researches in 1851 wrote

    “It is believed a proper examination of these monuments would disclose the fact that in their interior structure as well as in their exterior form and obvious purposes these buildings correspond with great exactness to those of Hindustan and the Indian Archipelago.”

    “Astec Calendar
    The fact that the Hindus were capable of sailing to far off countries like Mexico and Peru is proved by the official historian of Mexico, who in his book published by the Mexican Foreign Office.

    “Those who first arrived on the continent later to be known as America were groups of men driven by that mighty current that set out from India towards the east.”

    The U. S. Ambassador Miles Poindexter states in his book The Ayar-Incas that primitive Aryan words and people came to America especially from Indo-Arya by the island chains of Polynesia. The very name of the boat in Mexico is a South Indian (Tamil) word: Catamaran.

    After 17 years of research I can now claim to have proved my theory of Hindu colonisation of America. The stones in every corner of America speak of Hindu influences.

    Let us begin with the Astec calendar known as the Astec Chakra of the Hindu Astronomers. It is the foundation stone of Hindu culture in America. The ancient Americans believe in the four Hindu ages (Yugas or cycles). This Astec calendar (of Hindu origin) depicts the Hindu ages of the world. Mackenzie, author of Myths of Pre-Columbian America, says, “”The doctrine of the world’s ages (Hindu Yugas) was imported into pre-Columbian America. The Mexican sequence is identical with the Hindus. It would be ridiculous to assert that such a strange doctrine was of spontaneous origin in different parts of old and new worlds.”” The very sculpture of the Sun in this calendar bears the imprint of India.

    Game of Pachisi
    Witness the complicated game of Pachisi as it is played in India and Mexico. Seventy years ago Edward Taylor pointed out that the ancient Mexican game of Patolli was similar in its details to the game of Pachisi played in India and the whole region of Southern Asia.
    “It seems clear,” he wrote, “that the Mexican game must have come from Asia.”” Subsequently Stewart Culin showed that even the cosmic meaning of the Mexican game, its relation to the four quarters of the world and to the calendars ascribed to them was essentially the same as in Pachisi. Dr. Kroeber, leading anthropologist of California, observes that “the mathematical probability of two games invented separately, agreeing by chance in so many specific features, is very low. The close correspondence between the rules of the two games indicates a real connection.” Dr. Kroeber however could not find more evidence to link India with America and decided to leave the issue unsolved expressing the hope that fuller and more accurate knowledge would some day solve the dilemma. Dr. Robert Heine Geldern, the famous anthropologist of Vienna, and Dr. Gordon F. Ekholm have now presented enough evidence to support the thesis that Americans had definite cultural links with the people of South-East Asia at least 2000 years ago.

    The Lotus Motif
    Their researches in the last three years support the theses. I presented 26 years ago in my book Hindu America. They begin with the lotus in India and Mexico. (Lotus is one of the most sacred symbols of India. Hinduism is essentially embodied in the lotus. One of the most frequent motifs of early Indian art is the lotus plant.) The same kind of lotus motif occurs in America at Chichen Itza (Mexico) as a border in the reliefs of the lower room of the Temple of the Tigers. “It is certainly remarkable that in India as well as in Middle America, the rhizome, a part of the plant not normally visible because it is submerged and deeply buried in mud should have been the basic element of a whole motif and, moreover, be stylized in the same unrealistic manner as an undulating creeper.” The two learned anthroplogists are definitely of the view that ” such a combination of highly specific details cannot be accidental. It suggests the existence of some kind of relationship between Maya art and not only Buddhist art in general but the school of Amravati of the second century A. D. in particular.”

    Citation.

     

    https://globalhinduism.wordpress.com/2012/04/14/mexico-siva-temple-ancient-vedic-empire-very-interesting-facts/

     

    http://vedicempire.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=25&Itemid=9

     

  • Compilers Composers Rig Veda Six Major Families

    The Vedas are heard, Sruthi, and grasped.

    There is no written record of them.

    They have been transmitted  orally since 5000 years.

    Composers Of Rig Veda.jpg
    Composers Of Rig Veda.

    The Vedas were intutively grasped in the for of Sounds by the Seers,Rishis.

    They can not be really called composers, they have complied what they have intutively learnt.

    The major families that composed these hymns are the Bharadvajas, Visvamitras, Vasisthas, Vamadevas, Grtsamadas and Atris. Each of these is attributed a Mandala (or Book) in the Rig Veda. These Mandalas are thus referred to as the Kula Mandalas (Family Books).

    The AnukramaNIs or Indices of the Rigveda provide us with the most basic information about each of the 1028 hymns of the Rigveda:

    a. The RSi ( Rishi: ऋषि  ) or composer of each hymn or verse.

    b. The DevatA (  देवता  ) or deity of each hymn or verse.

    c. The Chhanda ( छंद  ) or metre of each hymn or verse.

    For the purpose of our historical analysis of the Rigveda, we will be concerned only with the index which deals with the most undeniably historical aspect of the Rigveda: the index of RSis which provides us with details about the living and breathing historical personalities who composed the hymns.

    The Rigveda consists of 10 MaNDala ( मंडल ) or Books, which contain 1028 sUktas ( सूक्त ) or hymns, consisting of 10552 mantras ( मंत्र ) or verses as follows:

    MaNDala NI
    II
    III
    IV
    V
    VI
    VII
    VIII
    IX
    X Total
    No. of Hymns  191
    43
    62
    58
    87
    75
    104
    103
    114
    191 1028
    No. of verses 2006
    429
    617
    589
    727
    765
    841
    1716
    1108
    1754 10552

    The names of the composers of the different hymns in the Rigveda:

    MaNDala.I  (191 hymns)

    1-10
    11
    12-23
    24-30
    31-35
    36-43
    44-50
    51-57
    58-64
    65-73
    74-93
    94-98
    99
    100
    101-115
    116-126
    127-139
    140-164
    165-191
    Madhucchandas VaiSvAmitra
    JetA MAdhucchandas
    MedhAtithi KANva
    SunahSepa AjIgarti later DevarAta VaiSvAmitra
    HiraNyastUpa ANgiras
    KaNva Ghaura
    PraskaNva KANva
    Savya ANgiras
    NodhAs Gautama
    ParASara sAktya
    Gotama RAhUgaNa
    Kutsa ANgiras
    KaSyapa MArIca
    RjrASva VArSAgira
    Kutsa ANgiras
    KakSIvAn Dairghatamas
    Parucchepa DaivodAsI
    DIrghatamas Aucathya
    Agastya MaitrAvaruNI

    MaNDala II (43 hymns)

    1-3
    4-7
    8-26
    27-29
    30-43
    GRtsamada Saunahotra, later GRtsamada Saunaka
    SomAhuti BhArgava
    GRtsamada Saunahotra, later GRtsamada Saunaka
    KUrma GArtsamada
    GRtsamada Saunahotra, later GRtsamada Saunaka

    MaNDala III (62 hymns)

    1-12
    13-14
    15-16
    17-18
    19-22
    23-35
    36
    37
    38
    39-53
    54-56
    57-61
    62
    ViSvAmitra GAthina
    RSabha VaiSvAmitra
    UtkIla KAtya
    Kata VaiSvAmitra
    GAthin KauSika.
    VaiSvAmitra GAthina
    VaiSvAmitra GAthina, Ghora ANgiras
    VaiSvAmitra GAthina
    VaiSvAmitra GAthina, Prajapati VaiSvAmitra/VAcya
    VaiSvAmitra GAthina
    PrajApati VaiSvAmitra /VAcya
    VaiSvAmitra GAthina
    VaiSvAmitra GAthina, Jamadagni BhArgava

    MaNDala IV (58 hymns)

    1-42
    43-44
    45-58
    VAmadeva Gautama
    PurumILha Sauhotra, AjamILha Sauhotra
    VAmadeva Gautama

    MaNDala V (87 hymns)

    1
    2
    3-6
    7-8
    9-10
    11-14
    15
    16-17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    2425-26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33-34
    35-36
    37-43
    44
    45
    46
    47
    48
    49
    50-51
    52-61
    62
    63-64
    65-66
    67-68
    69-70
    71-72
    73-74
    75
    76-77
    78
    79-80
    81-82
    83-86
    87
    Budha/ GaviSThira Atreya
    KumAra/VRSa JAna Atreya
    VasuSruta Atreya
    ISa Atreya
    Gaya Atreya
    Sutambhara Atreya
    DharuNa ANgiras
    PUru Atreya
    Dvita Atreya
    Vavri Atreya
    Prayasvanta Atreya
    Sasa Atreya
    ViSvasAman Atreya
    Dyumna ViSvacarSaNI Atreya
    Bandhu, Subandhu, Srutabandhu,
    Viprabandhu (GaupAyanas)
    VasUyava Atreya
    Atri Bhauma
    ViSvavArA AtreyI
    GaurivIti SAktya
    Babhru Atreya
    Avasyu Atreya
    GAtu Atreya
    SamvaraNa PrAjApatya
    PrabhUvasu ANgiras
    Atri Bhauma
    AvatsAra KASyapa, various Atreyas
    SadApRNa Atreya
    PratikSatra Atreya
    Pratiratha Atreya
    PratibhAnu Atreya
    Pratiprabha Atreya
    Svasti Atreya
    SyAvASva Atreya
    Srutavida Atreya
    ArcanAnas Atreya
    RAtahavya Atreya
    Yajata Atreya
    Urucakri Atreya
    BAhuvRkta Atreya
    Paura Atreya
    Avasyu Atreya
    Atri Bhauma
    Saptavadhri Atreya
    SatyaSravas Atreya
    SyAvASva Atreya
    Atri Bhauma
    EvayAmarut Atreya

    MaNDala VI (75 hymns)

    1-30
    31-32
    33-34
    35-36
    37-43
    44-46
    47
    48
    49-52
    53-74
    75
    BharadvAja BArhaspatya
    Suhotra BharadvAja
    Sunahotra BharadvAja
    Nara BharadvAja
    BharadvAja BArhaspatya
    Samyu BArhaspatya
    Garga BharadvAja
    Samyu BArhaspatya
    RjiSvan BhAradvAja
    BharadvAja BArhaspatya
    PAyu BharadvAja

    MaNDala VII (104 hymns)

    1-31
    32
    33-100
    101-102
    103-104
    VasiSTha MaitrAvaruNI
    VasiSTha MaitrAvaruNI Sakti VAsiSTha
    VasiSTha MaitrAvaruNI
    VasiSTha MaitrAvaruNI, Kumara Agneya
    VasiSTha MaitrAvaruNI

    MaNDala VIII (103 hymns)

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14-15
    16-18
    19-22
    23-25
    26
    27-31
    32
    33
    34
    35-38
    39-41
    42
    43-44
    45
    46
    47
    48
    49
    50
    51
    52
    53
    54
    55
    56
    57-58
    59
    60-61
    62-65
    66
    67
    68-69
    70
    71
    72
    73-74
    75
    76-78
    79
    80
    81-83
    84
    85
    86
    87

    88
    89-90
    91
    92-93
    94
    95-96
    97
    98-99
    100
    101
    102
    103

    PragAtha KANva, MedhAtithi KANva,
    MedhyAtithi KANva
    MedhAtithi KANva, Priyamedha ANgiras
    MedhyAtithi KANva
    DevAtithi KANva
    BrahmAtithi KANva
    Vatsa KANva
    Punarvatsa KANva
    Sadhvamsa KANva
    SaSakarNa KANva
    PragAtha KANva
    Vatsa KANva
    Parvata KANva
    NArada KANva
    GoSUktin KANva, ASvasUktin KANva
    IrimbiTha KANva
    Sobhari KANva
    ViSvamanas VaiyaSva
    ViSvamanas VaiyaSva, VyaSva ANgiras
    Manu Vaivasvata or KaSyapa MArIca
    MedhAtithi KANva
    MedhyAtithi KANva
    NIpAtithi KANva
    SyAvASva Atreya
    NAbhAka KANva
    NAbhAka KANva, ArcanAnas Atreya
    VirUpa ANgiras
    TriSoka KANva
    VaSa ASvya
    Trita Aptya
    PragAtha KANva
    PraskaNva KANva
    PuSTigu KANva
    SruSTigu KANva
    Ayu KANva
    Medhya KANva
    MAtariSvan KANva
    KRSa KANva
    PRSadhra KANva
    Medhya KANva
    SuparNa KANva
    Bharga PrAgAtha
    PrAgAtha KANva
    Kali PrAgAtha
    Matsya SAmmada or MAnya MaitrAvaruNI
    riyamedha ANgiras
    Puruhanman ANgiras
    SudIti PurumILha
    Haryata PrAgAtha
    Gopavana Atreya
    VirUpa ANgiras
    Kurusuti KANva
    KRtnu BhArgava
    Ekadyu NaudhAsa
    usIdin KANva
    USanA KAvya,
    KRSna ANgiras
    KRSna ANgiras, ViSvaka KArSNI
    KRSna ANgiras, DyumnIka VAsiSTha,
    Priyamedha ANgiras
    NodhAs Gautama
    NRmedha ANgiras, Purumedha ANgiras
    ApAlA AtreyI
    SukakSa ANgiras
    Vindu ANgiras, PUtadakSa ANgiras
    TiraScI ANgiras
    Rebha KASyapa
    NRmedha ANgiras
    Nema BhArgava
    Jamadagni BhArgava
    Prayoga BhArgava, Agni BArhaspatya
    Sobhari KANva

    MaNDala IX (114 hymns)

    5-24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    29
    30
    31
    32
    33-34
    35-36
    37-38
    39-40
    41-43
    44-46
    47-49
    50-52
    53-60
    61
    62
    63
    64
    65
    66
    67
    68
    69
    70
    71
    72
    73
    74
    75-79
    80-82
    83
    84
    85
    86
    87-89
    90
    91-92
    93
    94
    95
    96
    97
    98
    99-100
    101
    102
    103
    104-105
    106
    107
    108
    109
    110
    111
    112
    113-11
    1  .Madhucchandas VaiSvAmitra,  MedhAtithi KANva
    2.    SunahSepa AjIgarti
    3.     HiraNyastUpa ANgiras
    4.   Asita KASyapa, Devala KASyapa
    DRLhacyuta Agastya
    IdhmavAha DArLhacyuta
    NRmedha ANgiras
    Priyamedha ANgiras
    NRmedha ANgiras
    Bindu ANgiras
    Gotama RAhUgaNa
    SyAvASva Atreya
    Trita Aptya
    PrabhUvasu ANgiras
    RahUgaNa ANgiras
    BRhanmati ANgiras
    MedhAtithi KANva
    AyAsya ANgiras
    Kavi BhArgava
    Ucathya ANgiras
    AvatsAra KASyapa
    AmahIyu ANgiras
    Jamadagni BhArgava
    Nidhruvi KASyapa
    KaSyapa MArIca
    Jamadagni BhArgava
    Sata VaikhAnasa
    SaptaRSis, Pavitra ANgiras
    VatsaprI BhAlandana
    HiraNyastUpa ANgiras
    ReNu VaiSvAmitra
    RSabha VaiSvAmitra
    Harimanta ANgiras
    Pavitra ANgiras
    KakSIvAn Dairghatamas
    avi BhArgava
    asu BhAradvAja
    Pavitra ANgiras
    PrajApati VAcya
    Vena BhArgava
    Atri Bhauma, GRtsamada Saunaka,
    AkRSTa MASA, Sikata NivAvarI, PRSni AjaUSanA KAvya
    VasiSTha MaitrAvaruNI
    KaSyapa MArIca
    NodhAs Gautama
    KaNva Ghaura
    PraskaNva KANva
    Pratardana DaivodAsI
    VasiSTha MaitrAvarunI, Indrapramati
    VAsiSTha, VRSagaNa VAsiSTha, Manyu
    VAsiSTha, Upamanyu VAsiSTha,
    VyAghrapAda VAsiSTha, Sakti VAsiSTha,
    KarNaSrut VAsiSTha, MRLIka VAsiSTha,
    Vsukra VAsiSTha, ParASara SAktya,
    Kutsa ANgiras.AmbarISa VArSAgira, RjiSvan ANgiras
    RebhAsUnu KASyapas
    AndhIgu SyAvASvI, YayAtI NAhuSa, NahuSa
    MAnava, Manu SamvaraNa, PrajApati
    VaiSvAmitra.
    Trita Aptya
    Dvita Aptya
    Parvata KANva, NArada KANva
    Agni CakSuSa, CakSu MAnava, Manu Apsava
    SaptaRSis
    GaurIvIti SAktya, Sakti VAsiSTha, Uru ANgiras,
    RjiSvan BhAradvAja
    Agni DhISNya AiSvaraya
    TryaruNa TraivRSNa, Trasadasyu Paurukutsa
    AnAnata PArucchepi
    SiSu ANgiras
    KaSyapa MArIca

    MaNDala X (191 hymns)

    1-7
    8
    9
    10
    11-12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20-26
    27-29
    30-34
    35-36
    37
    38
    39-40
    41
    42-44
    45-46
    47
    48-50
    51-53
    54-56
    57-60
    61-62
    63-64
    65-66
    67-68
    69-70
    71-72
    73-74
    75
    76
    77-78
    79-80
    81-82
    83-84
    85
    86
    87
    88
    89
    90
    91
    92
    93
    94
    95
    96
    97
    98
    99
    100
    101
    102
    103
    104
    105
    106
    107
    108
    109
    110
    111
    112
    113
    114
    115
    116
    117
    118
    119
    120
    121
    122
    123
    124
    125
    126
    127
    128
    129
    130
    131
    132
    133
    134
    135
    136
    137
    138
    139
    140
    141
    142

    143
    144
    145
    146
    147
    148
    149
    150
    151
    152
    153
    154
    155
    156
    157
    158
    159
    160
    161
    162
    163
    164
    165
    166
    167
    168
    169
    170
    171
    172
    173
    174
    175
    176
    177
    178
    179

    180
    181

    182
    183
    184
    185
    186
    187
    188
    189
    190
    191

    Trita Aptya
    TriSirAs TvASTra
    TriSirAs TvASTra, SindhudvIpa AmbarISa
    Yama Vaivasvata, YamI VaivasvatI
    HavirdhAna ANgi
    VivasvAn Aditya
    Yama Vaivasvata
    Sankha YAmAyana
    Damana YAmAyana
    DevaSravas YAmAyana
    Sankusuka YAmAyana
    Matitha YAmAyana, or BhRgu, or Cyavana
    BhArgava
    Vimada Aindra, VasukRt VAsukra
    Vasukra Aindra
    KavaSa AilUSa
    LuSa DhAnaka
    AbhitApa Saurya
    Indra MuSkavAn
    GhoSA KAkSIvatI
    Suhastya GhauSeya
    KRSNa Angiras
    VatsaprI BhAlandana
    Saptagu ANgiras
    Indra VaikuNTha
    Agni Saucika
    BRhaduktha VAmadevya
    Bandhu, Subandhu, Srutabandhu,
    Viprabandhu (GaupAyanas)
    NAbhAnediSTha MAnava
    Gaya PlAta
    VasukarNa VAsukra
    AyAsya ANgiras
    Sumitra VAdhryaSva
    BRhaspati ANgiras
    GaurivIti SAktya
    SindhukSit Praiyamedha
    JaratkarNa Sarpa AirAvata
    SyUmaraSmi BhArgava
    Agni SaucIka or Sapti VAjambhara
    ViSvakarmA Bhauvana
    Manyu TApasa
    SUryA SAvitrI
    VRSAkapi Aindra, Indra, IndrANI
    PAyu BhAradvAja
    MUrdhanvAn VAmadevya
    ReNu VaiSvAmitra
    NArAyaNa
    AruNa Vaitahavya
    SAryAta MAnava
    TAnva PArthya
    Arbuda KAdraveya Sarpa
    PurUravas AiLa, UrvaSI
    Baru ANgiras, Sarvahari Aindra
    BhiSag AtharvaNa
    DevApi ArSTiSeNa
    Vamra VaikhAnasa
    Duvasyu VAndana
    Budha Saumya
    Mudgala BhArmyaSva
    Apratiratha Aindra
    ASTaka VaiSvAmitra
    Sumitra Kautsa, Durmitra Kautsa
    BhUtAMSa KASyapa
    Divya ANgiras, DakSiNA PrAjApatya
    SaramA, PaNis
    JuhU BrahmajAyA
    RAma JAmadagnya, Jamadagni BhArgava
    ASTAdaMSTra VairUpa
    Nabhahprabhedana VairUpa
    Sataprabhedana VairUpa
    Sadhri VairUpa
    Upastuta VArSTihavya
    Agniyuta Sthaura
    BhikSu ANgiras
    UrukSaya ANgiras
    Laba Aindra
    BRhaddiva AtharvaNa
    HiraNyagarbha PrAjApatya
    CitramahA VAsiSTha
    Vena BhArgava
    Agni, VaruNa, Soma
    VAk AmbhRNI
    AMhomuk VAmadevya
    KuSika Saubhara, RAtrI BhAradvAjI
    Vihavya ANgiras
    PrajApati ParameSThin
    Yajña PrAjApatya
    SukIrti KAkSIvata
    SakapUta NArmedha
    SudAs Paijavana
    MAndhAtA YauvanASva
    KumAra YAmAyana
    JUti, VAtajUti, ViprajUti, VRSAnaka,
    Karikrata, EtaSa, RSyaSRnga (VAtaraSanas)
    SaptaRSis
    ANga Aurava
    ViSvavAsu Devagandharva
    Agni, PAvaka
    Agni TRpasa
    SArNga, JaritR, DroNa, SArisRkva,
    Stambhamitra
    Atri SAnkhya
    Urdhvasadman YAmAyana
    IndrANI
    DevamunI Airammada
    Suvedas SairISI
    PRthu Vainya
    Arcan HairaNyastUpa
    MRLIka VAsiSTha
    SraddhA KAmAyanI
    SAsa BhAradvAja
    IndramAtara DevajAmaya
    YamI VaivasvatI
    SirimbiTha BhAradvAja
    Ketu Agneya
    Bhuvana Aptya, SAdhana Aptya
    CakSu Saurya
    SacI PaulomI
    PUraNa VaiSvAmitra
    YakSmanASana PrAjApatya
    RakSohA BrAhma
    VivRhA KASyapa
    Pracetas ANgiras
    Kapota NairRta
    RSabha VairAja SAkvara
    ViSvAmitra, Jamadagni
    Anila VAtAyana
    Sabara KAkSIvata
    VibhrAt Saurya
    ITa BhArgava
    SaMvarta ANgiras
    Dhruva ANgiras
    AbhIvarta ANgiras
    UrdhvagrAvA Arbuda
    SUnu Arbhava
    PataNga PrAjApatya
    AriSTanemi TArkSya
    Sibi AuSInara, Pratardana KASirAja, Vasumanas RauhidaSva
    Jaya Aindra
    Pratha VAsiSTha, Sapratha BhAradvAja,
    Gharma Saurya
    TapurmUrdhan BArhaspatya
    PrajAvAn PrAjApatya
    ViSNu PrAjApatya
    SatyadhRti VAruNi
    Ula VAtAyana
    Vatsa Agneya
    Syena Agneya
    SArparAjñI
    AghamarSaNa MAdhucchandas
    SaMvanana ANgiras

    There are some fictitious composers ,especially in Mandala X.

    However, in the first eight MaNDala, except in the case of one single hymn (VIII.47), it is very easy to identify the actual composer (by which we mean the RSi who actually composed the hymn, or his eponymous ancestor to whose name the hymn is to be credited as per the system followed in the particular MaNDala) of a hymn ascribed to a fictitious composer.

    Hymn

    Fictitious Composers

    Actual Composer

    I.100

    AmbarISa, Sahadeva, BhayamAna, SurAdhas

    RjrASva

    I.105

    Trita Aptya

    Kutsa

    I.126

    BhAvayavya, RomaSA

    KakSIvAn

    III.23

    DevaSravas, DevavAta

    ViSvAmitra

    IV.42

    Trasadasyu Paurukutsa

    VAmadeva

    V.27

    Trasadasyu, TryaruNa, ASvamedha

    Atri

    VI.15

    VItahavya

    BharadvAja

    VIII.1

    AsaNga, SaSvatI

    MedhAtithi

    VIII.34

    Vasurocis

    NIpAtithi

    (2) Dialogue hymns, in some of which verses are ascribed to Gods and even rivers:

    Hymn

    Fictitious Composers

    Actual Composer

    I.165

    Indra, Maruts, (epon.) Agastya

    Agastya

    I.170

    Indra, (epon.) Agastya

    Agastya

    I.179

    (epon.) Agastya, LopAmudrA, a pupil

    Agastya

    III.33

    (epon.) ViSvAmitra, Rivers

    ViSvAmitra

    IV.18

    (epon.) VAmadeva, Indra, Aditi

    ViSvAmitra

    (3) Hymns which are ascribed alternatively to the actual composers and to their remote ancestors:

    Hymn

    Fictitious ComposersActual Composer

    III.31KuSika AiSIrathIViSvAmitra GAthinaVIII.27-31Manu VaivasvataKaSyapa MArIcaVIII.71PurumILha ANgirasSudIti PurumILha.

    Female Composers.

    he female Vedic writers credited with composing hymns are noted below:
    (1) Vak Devi: she was the daughter of Rishi Ambhrina. She is credited with composing the eight riks of 125 Sukta, Book X and Rig Veda. These riks are known as Devi-Sukta. In the ancient Vedic times it was a custom to read the Devi-Sukta on special occasions. In modern times instead of the Devi Sukta, the Chandi (recounting of the deeds of Durga) is read. In the eight hymns Vak Devi has conveyed her ideas of monotheism and chastity.

    (2) Biswavara: She belonged to the Atri clan. She was the composer of six hymns. These hymns illustrate the gentle ideas, beauty and loving affections of the female.

    (3) Aditi: She was the spouse of the great sage Kasyapa. Her father was King Daksha and she was the mother of twelve Aditya brothers of the deva-Aryans. Aditi is credited with composing five hymns of R. V.X, 153 Sukta. She has also composed the fifth, sixth and the seventh hymns of R. V., IV and 18 Sukta.

    (4) Apala: She belonged to the Atri clan. She has also composed many beautiful hymns like Biswavara, the eight hymns of R.V. VIII and 91 Sukta.

    (5) Yami: She has written the first, third, fifth, seventh, and eleventh hymns of R.V, 10 Sukta and even the five hymns of 154th Sukta.

    (6) Urvashi: She has described her love marriage with Pururava, a lunar king, in seven hymns of the 95th Sukta, Book X and Rig Veda.

    (7) Lopamudra: She was the Princess of Vidarbha and wife of the great sage Agastya. She has composed the first two hymns of the 179th Sukta of Book I of the Rig Veda.

    (8) Romasa: she was the Queen of Bhava-Yavya and the mother of King Svanaya. She has composed the seventh hymn of 126th Sukta, Book I, and Rig Veda.

    References.

    The History and Culture of the Indian People

    2. The Culture and Civilization of Ancient India in Historical Outline by D.D. Kosambi, Vikas Publishing House Pvt.  Ltd, Delhi-Bombay-Bangalore-Kanpur, 1975 (first printed 1970).

    3. Rgveda Repetitions Vol.2 by Maurice Bloomfield, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachussetts,  1916.  p. 634

    4. The Rise of the Greek Epic by Gilbert Murray

    Courtesy: – Rigveda: A historical Analysis by  Shrikant G. Talageri

    Citation.

    https://cpdarshi.wordpress.com/2012/04/17/rigveda-%E0%A4%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6-a-historical-analysis-1/

  • Indian Tribes In China, Iran Central Asia, Greece

    There had been migrations in the world continuously.

    The Migration of people into Europe in waves coincides(?) with the Tsunami in Bharatvarsha, as India was then called.

    Contrary to what European writers say, the migration to Europe was from India.

    If one cares to check the migration dates of various countries and races  in Europe, it will be noticed that it corresponds to the Great Floods that  devoured lands in India.

    To get an idea of the ancient tribes of India, I have looked into the Mahabharata, Ramayana and he oldest literature of the World, the Vedas.

    Geography during Rig Veda Period.jpg
    Geography during Rig Veda Period.”Rigvedic geography” by Dbachmann. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons – http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rigvedic_geography.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Rigvedic_geography.jpg

    Khambojas,(Iran Tribe)

    Tusharas,(Northwest province of Pakistan)

    Shakas,(Khambojas of Iran)

    Hunas,(Germanic Tribe)

    Paradas,( Tribes of Sailoda River in the Xinjiang province of China)

    Pahalvas,(Iran)

    Yavana,(Greeks)

    Daradas,Lohas, Rishikas( Kushanas or Kanishkas )

    ParamaKambojas

    Uttara Kurus of trans-Himalyan regions.

    Lambakas.(Tribes of Manipur)

    Gandharis are Gandharas, the Bahlikas are Bactrians, Mujavat (land of Soma) refer to Hindukush–Pamirs (the Kamboja region).

     

    Archeological Evidence.

    The archaeological excavations in the Amu valley in Southern Uzbekistan, in Afrasiab on north-eastern edge of Samarkand and some other places in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan,Kazakhstan and Tak-mak in Kirghizstan add further evidence of the existence of links between ancient India and Central Asia since remote antiquity.

    Further, extensive excavations have been carried out with remarkable results at Kara Tepa, Fayaz Tepa, Dalverzin Tepa, Yer Kurgan, Ak-Beshin, Kranayerezka and Isyk-Ata. The discovery of manuscripts in Xinjiang (China) and many other valuable excavational finds substantively establish that India and eastern Central Asian region of Xinjiang were also in extensive political, cultural and religious intercourse with each other.

    Dynasties of India came from Central Asia as invaders and dynasties of Indian origin also ruled in Khotan and other places in Central Asia.

    The Shakas were formerly the inhabitants of trans-Hemodos region—the Shakadvipa of the Puranas or the Scythia of the classical writings. Later evidence attests them in Drangiana i.e. Shakasthana (modern Seistan) located south of Herat. 1st century CE Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as well as 2nd century CE Ptolemy evidence also attest Indo-Scythia situated in lower Indus in western India.

    The Paradas, the former inhabitants of Oxus and Sailoda (eastern Xinjiang), are noted by Ptolemy as Paradane and are attested to be living in western India in Sindhu or Gedrosia, during 2nd century CE.

    The Kambojas and Pahlavas are known to have their original settlements in the east Iranian regions in Central Asia. Some allege the existence some of their settlements in post-Christian times in South-west/Southern India also.[8]

    The Rishikas are formerly attested as living in Sakadvipa as neighbors to the Parama-Kambojas of Transoxiana region.[9] But later evidence also locates their section as neighbors to Ashmakas and Vidarbhas in south-west India. This Rishika settlement was located between Godavari and Tapti rivers, east of Nasika, north of Mulaka and west of Vidarbha.

    Citation.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asians_in_Ancient_Indian_literature

    *list of Rige Vedic Tribes Follows.

  • Sandhyavandan Sapta Rishis In Islamic Tribe Yazidis

    The Yazidis in Kurdistan have their roots in Sanatana Dharma, Hinduism.

    The earliest reference to them is around  4 Century BC.

    Among the roots of their Religion and Culture lies the Vedic Deity Mitra.

    Tawsi Melek God of the Yezdi people Iraq.jpg
    Tawsi Melek God of the Yezdi people Iraq.

    Sanskrit Mitra (मित्रः), the name of a god praised in the Rig Veda.[19][20][21] In Sanskrit, “mitra” means “friend” or “friendship”.[22]
    the form mi-it-ra-, found in an inscribed peace treaty between the Hittites and the kingdom of Mitanni, from about 1400 BC.

    Iranian “Mithra” and Sanskrit “Mitra” are believed to come from an Indo-Iranian word mitra meaning “contract, agreement, covenant

    Mitra was adopted by Persia and was later assimilated by the Yazidis.

     

    By practice the Yazdis are Non Dualists, Advaitins( Advaita was developed by Shankaracharya).

    The Yazidis do not  believe as the Higher Philosophy of Hinduism, in Good or Evil, Devil.

    Shankaracharya says the same while speaking about it in Nirvana Shatgam.

    Please read my post on this.

    The Supreme Reality Brahman does not have attributed, Nirguna.

    The Yazidis perform a form of Sandhyavandana.

     

    Yazidis have five daily prayers:[63]

    Nivêja berîspêdê (the Dawn Prayer), Nivêja rojhilatinê (the Sunrise Prayer), Nivêja nîvro (the Noon Prayer), Nivêja êvarî (the Afternoon Prayer), Nivêja rojavabûnê (the Sunset Prayer). However, most Yezidis observe only two of these, the sunrise and sunset prayers.

    Worshipers should turn their face toward the sun, and for the noon prayer, they should face toward Laliş. Such prayer should be accompanied by certain gestures, including kissing the rounded neck (gerîvan) of the sacred shirt (kiras). The daily prayer services must not be performed in the presence of outsiders, and are always performed in the direction of the sun. Wednesday is the holy day, but Saturday is the day of rest.[63][64] There is also a three-day fast in December.’

    The Yazidis worship Malak Ṭāʾūs , Peacock and Peacock is the vehicle of Lord Subrahmanya.

    For details on this, read my post on this.

    Sapta Rishis in Yazidis.

    Hinduism has seven  Rishis and they are entrusted with the task of laying down rules for each Aeon, Yuga.

    Yazidis believe in ,

    “Two key and interrelated features of Yazidism are: a) a preoccupation with religious purity and b) a belief in metempsychosis. The first of these is expressed in the system ofcaste, the food laws, the traditional preferences for living in Yazidi communities, and the variety of taboos governing many aspects of life. The second is crucial; Yazidis traditionally believe that the Seven Holy Beings are periodically reincarnated in human form, called a koasasa.”

    The migration of the group led by Shiva and Ganesha from the South of India because of a Tsunami might have had a hand in these practices.

     

    ‘The Mithraic Mysteries were a mystery religion practiced in the Roman Empire from about the 1st to 4th centuries AD. The name of the Persian god Mithra (proto-Indo-Iranian Mitra), adapted into Greek as Mithras, was linked to a new and distinctive imagery. Writers of the Roman Empire period referred to this mystery religion by phrases which can be anglicized as Mysteries of Mithras or Mysteries of the Persians;[1][2] modern historians refer to it as Mithraism,[1] or sometimes Roman Mithraism.[3][4] The mysteries were popular in the Roman military

    Yazīdī are antidualists; they deny the existence of evil and therefore also reject sin, the Devil, and hell. The breaking of divine laws is expiated by way of metempsychosis, or transmigration of souls, which allows for the progressive purification of the spirit. Shaykh ʿAdī, the chief Yazīdī saint, was a 12th-century Muslim mystic who, the Yazīdī believe, achieved divinity through metempsychosis….

     

    The chief divine figure of the Yazīdī is Malak Ṭāʾūs (“Peacock Angel”), who is worshipped in the form of a peacock. He rules the universe with six other angels, but all seven are subordinate to the supreme God, who has had no direct interest in the universe since he created it. Malak Ṭāʾūs has often been identified by outsiders with the Judeo-Christian figure of Satan, causing the Yazīdīs to be inaccurately described as Devil worshippers. The seven angels are worshipped by the Yazīdī in the form of seven bronze or iron peacock figures called sanjaq, the largest of which weighs nearly 700 pounds (320 kg).

     

     

    Citation.

    http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/652325/Yazidi

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithraic_mysteries

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yazidis#Customs

    https://ramanisblog.in/2015/01/26/murugan-peacock-murugan-tribe-in-iraq/